The Mercenarization of the Third World: Documents on U.S. Military and Police Assistance Programs
Klare, Michael
In its effort to secure and maintain mastery over the resources of the greater part of the Third World, the United States has often encountered the resistance of rebellious peoples who have...
...five student...
...Army Granite City Engineer Depot, Granite City Chanute Air Force Base U.S...
...military aid to South Vietnam has been included in the Department of Defense appropriation, and not reported as part of the Military Assistance Program...
...4. Additional police assistance to these countries (particularly military commodities) is provided by the Department of Defense as part of the unitemized Vietnam war appropriations...
...Army Artillery and Missile School, Ft...
...counterinsurgency...
...Venezuela...
...Camp Walters Reese Air Force Base Webb Air Force Base James Connolly Air Force Base U.S...
...Of this amount, 72 percent has been allocated to the four "forward defense countries"--Korea, Taiwan, Turkey and Greece--which constitute the mainstays of our Cold War bulwark against "Communist aggression...
...Army Chemical Corps School, Ft...
...Sam Houston Naval Air Station, Corpus Christi Naval Air Station, Kingsville Harlingen Air Force Base Moore Air Force Base Laredo Air Force Base Laughlin Air Force Base U.S...
...General Course [for middle-level police commanders] - training in police administration, organization and operations...
...213 Total, EUCOM...
...Sudan Tunisia Upper Volta Other/Regional 1. Source: U.S...
...In this and ining ms for fersfls ad on subjects as States, despite national politi-other problems, the student as- eig mt me h e ne f as o bet ,a caes di ese atmay eit sums various roles...
...2. This entry constitutes U.S...
...investigation...
...as do American students...
...3. U.S...
...He found that li(e in About 60 per cent have 97fic5offi...
...forces...
...Accordingly, the Administration is expected to ask Congress to approve a supplemental military assistance appropriation which may exceed the original $350 million MAP outlay...
...military and police assistance programs in the Third World, NACLA has compiled the following tables and charts: U.S...
...for police commanders and technicians (see next page for a list of Police Training Centers in the U.S...
...Cited below as Foreign Assistance 1971...
...624 PACIFIC COMMAND (PACOM) Burma...
...States, dismissed the idea of armor and artillery, the foreign the Middle East...
...military involvement cannot be successful unless we provide our friends and allies, whether through grant aid or credit sales, with the material assistance necessary to assure the most effective possible contribution by the manpower they are willing and able to commit to their own and the common defense...
...1, 1970 6. U.S...
...Gordon The Provost Marshal Generals School, U.S...
...Louis Malden Air Base NEVADA (2) Nellis Air Force Base Stead Air Force Base NEW JERSEY (3) Salvage School, Bayonne McGuire Air Force Base U.S...
...10 Philippine Islands...
...WHERE FOREIGN MILITARY PERSONNEL ARE TRAINED Source: Institute for International Education, Military Assistance Training Programs of the U.S...
...Honduras...
...police training program, supervised by AID's Office of Public Safety, includes instruction in the U.S...
...33 6 40 7 69 33 32 5 48 5 4 1 39 2 39 5 15 2 26 3 14 2 15 2 5 1 17 3 38 4 20 5 51 2 39 47 102 37 53 5 41 44 17 29 16 17 6 20 42 25 53 _____ 505 88 593U.S...
...ARMY, NAVY, AND AIR FORCE INSTALLATIONS IN THE U.S...
...Costa Rica...
...military presence abroad, the Nixon Administration seeks to modernize and strengthen our mercenary armies in the Third World...
...Another 10 percent goes to three countries "where we have important bases and installations" (probably Spain, Ethiopia and the Philippines...
...In its effort to secure and maintain mastery over the resources of the greater part of the Third World, the United States has often encountered the resistance of rebellious peoples who have resorted to armed insurgency as the only means of obtaining control over their own lives...
...When looked at in these terms, a MAP dollar is of far greater value than a dollar spent directly on U.S...
...Submarine Base, New London DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (4) Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C...
...In forces for their own defense, agreed...
...14 Training of Foreign Military Personnel Under MAP...
...r - 21 - - - C m /- 22 - Recent Latin Graduates of the International Police Academy As Recorded in the Program for the Graduation Ceremony of February 6, 1970 INTEPR-AMERICAN GENERAL COURSE NO...
...Between 1961 and 1969, the U.S...
...cational Exchange Act...
...The officers are picked men personnel in the United States expected to rely on their own A Chilean lieutenant colonel of the[rankofmajororabove and 95,000 others overseas...
...Rucker Brookley Air Force Base ARIZONA (2) Williams Air Force Base Luke Air Force Base CALIFORNIA (26) Mather Air Force Base, Sacramento Hamilton Air Force Base, Sacramento Net School, Tiburon Harbor Defense School, San Francisco Electronics Material School, San Francisco Electronics Technician School, San Francisco Radiological Defense School, San Francisco Letterman Army Hospital, The Presidio, San Francisco U.S.N...
...22 55 11 6 6 349 3 38 448 24 16 72 1,397 382 Total, PACOM 2 SOUTHERN COMMAND (SOUTHCOM) Argentina...
...opposition abroad is reduced because people are not confronted with the overt presence of our expeditionary forces...
...Pakistan...
...than one whose officers are Leavenworth...
...Army Civil Affairs and Military Government School, Ft...
...The amendment thevt o ersan i; and rovi- /h...
...did and often witty...
...ol fr, ante conre '- th',td ta( fantry and Cavalry school, as cadividend to the United States c e e d the College was then called, The largest group...
...Colonel Pipkin's directorate any difficulties with Pakistani student also participates in field[, The Pentagon's answer is !oversees a system of military officers studying at the Army'sComm and and Generalrmy's exercises with his American that a foreign military govern- and civilian sponsors...
...6. Classified countries in this region include Burma and Laos...
...Army Information School, Ft...
...scientific and technical aids...
...WORLDWIDE TOTALS for following table - Number of personnel trained in the U.S., fiscal 1967-69: 2,172...
...CENTO AFRICA, Total Central African Republic Chad Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey Ethiopia Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Libya Malagasy Republic Niger Rwanda Somali Republic Tunisia Upper Volta Other countries WORLDWIDE, Total 1961 396 77 116 107 96 1,999 25 1,065 269 274 323 37 6 9,854 1962 582 52 177 42 133 97 81 1,752 181 53 295 148 130 194 10 570 57 74 40 12,805 1963 2,544 701 _ 1,719 7 77 40 1,808 25 37 218 60 546 40 16 58 657 123 28 23,273 1964 2,294 302 217 89 1,571 82 33 3,206 49 73 712 27 138 44 365 114 91 457 1,002 4 44 86 13,981 1965 1,386 218 260 48 793 67 3,142 63 56 643 44 577 7 435 318 36 124 276 406 78 37 42 19,204 1966 1,548 116 157 51 1,147 65 12 2,541 77 141 526 34 408 77 211 42 40 208 647 30 36 64 28,692 1967 1,315 66 364 813 21 1,864 27 144 366 199 275 46 299 43 35 101 320 9 39,931 1968 1,881 16 1,182 672 11 1,738 113 483 138 20 94 331 9 27 31 355 137 53,771 1969 927 185 735 1,105 378 79 42 27 265 13 136 165 34,821 61-69 12,873 129 1,712 2,365 149 188 7,583 200 312 191 19,155 241 527 3,133 323 2,875 743 679 2,752 444 454 398 1,073 4,416 640 219 132 236,332 1. Includes commodities delivered (e.g., radio equipment, antiriot gases, small arms, patrol vehicles), training in the United States and other countries, and in-country training provided by U.S...
...8, 1970, by Tupamaro guerrillas...
...Gaafar e A u i tion, despite the hostility ofpe o . al-lclass includes Jordanian, Saudi functions in a productive for- imeir a glArablai ate ivioroccan _t_Anome govrndi nt . rward -looking, nonstatic ca- lege here and now chairman dents, he reported "no diiicul.An Indis uniorm egin p the Sudan's evolutionarvil ties" with these officers renremnte der uhnorm f te Unid At special schools dealing Council, which strongly op- sending governments hostile to met older than the United ith individual arms, infantry, poses United States policy in his own...
...Occasionally, it has been necessary for the U.S...
...Military Assistance Facts (Washington, D.C.: U.S...
...1 Furthermore, various minority peoples inhabitating the highlands of central Indo-China have been mobilized into CIA-commanded "irregular" armies to bear the brunt of the fighting in Laos and northwestern Vietnam...
...Probation and Parole Systems...
...Washington, D.C...
...Since 1967, U.S...
...In order to provide our readers with basic data on U.S...
...Sill PENNSYLVANIA (5) U.S...
...border patrol and customs...
...Belvoir Judge Advocate General's School, U.S...
...26 Libya...
...9. U.S...
...Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C...
...Air Force and Marine makes "no effort to hide any...
...with American materiel madeuch different cers from the movies and televied staff schools in their own ced fo 44 Untes we saalal...
...As in the case of MAP aid, this assistance has been supplemented by.training programs in the U.S...
...13 U.S...
...20 Denmark...
...forces in South Vietnam, and covert military mission in Laos...
...5 For the past few years, a budget-conscious Congress has limited the military assistance appropriation to $350 million annually (note that this amount excludes payments to "Free World" troops in South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, which are budgeted under the Department of Defense appropriation...
...56 Tunisia...
...William at the Naval war Colleg and alo arme series In 92 "ue from 12 countriw~, r fof the governments concerned.,as director of Aled personnel students a2.0ofcrAresb etllied offi,, at the United States Marine Foreign officers at the Col-;About 2800 officer are being superintends the ps Command and General lege follow the same curriculumIeducated at various Army...
...Deep Sea Diving School, Washington, D.C...
...Eustis U.S...
...3 Commodities delivered through MAP have included 2,812 F-86 fighter aircraft, 201 patrol boats, 20,639 tanks, 3,460 'Honest John' rockets, and 2,088,000 rifles...
...z,.,,, a '' Corps institutions under thelthing., There s great geographica{ curriculum, revised 12 years r i o unde variety...
...20 Portugal...
...Army Quartermaster Subsistence School, Chicago Electronics Technician School, Great Lakes Electronics Maintenance School, Great Lakes Engineman School, Great Lakes Electricians Mate School, Great Lakes Machinists Mate School, Great Lakes INDIANA (2) The Adjutant General's School, U.S...
...5. Since fiscal 1966, U.S...
...5. The New York Times, Nov...
...Schuyler U.S...
...Nicaragua...
...1,925 452 2,377 Total, SOUTHCOM...
...A list of MAAGs with their personnel strength is provided below...
...Jordan...
...Many of them simply do not command the resources or technical capabilities to assume greater responsibility for their own defense without such assistance...
...2. U.S...
...Gordon U.S...
...India...
...Monmouth NEW YORK (5) U.S...
...Liberia...
...379 7 27 6 26 7 17 12 66 37 117 4 30 7 35 7 54 4 24 8 28 7 21 21 77 9) i a Congo (Kinshasa...
...2. Source: U.S...
...Nepal...
...16 Turkey...
...This.Navy...
...course...
...In describing the Administration's defense strategy to Congress, Defense Secretary Melvin Laird stated on March 10, 1970 that: The basic policy of decreasing direct U.S...
...16 Nationalist China...
...Naval Hospital, St...
...And Abroad' Following the model of the Military Assistance Program in every respect, the United States has established a massive police training program which, according to the Agency for International Development (AID), has reached over one million policemen in the Third World...
...2. Police training is conducted in the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and other unidentified countries...
...A. One of the Public Safety Advisors in Uruguay, Dan Mitrione, was executed Aug...
...Army Air Defense School, Ft...
...20 Police Training Centers in the U.S...
...54 Greece...
...communications...
...3 Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Honduras Jamaica Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay 4 Venezuela Other/Regional 33 14 224 30 89 64 66 30 34 106 33 29 31 35 51 1 2 1 8 36 43 172 7 3 17 1 7 4 15 6 4 2 2 2 2 3 9 3 10 Region & country NEAR EAST & SOUTH ASIA, Total Greece India Iran Iraq Jordan Lebanon Pakistan Saudi Arabia UAR - Egypt Other/CENTO AFRICA, Total Central African Rep...
...7 - 11 -- 12 - The Military Assistance Program is administered by a resident military assistance advisory group (MAAG) or military mission in each recipient country...
...Bolivia...
...Leavenworth McConnell Air Force Base KENTUCKY (1) U.S...
...training in certain "third countries," and in-country training for rank-and-file policemen provided by U.S...
...Army Ordnance School, Aberdeen Proving Ground Andrews Air Force Base MASSACHUSETTS (3) Laurence G. Hanscom Field Lincoln Laboratory U.S...
...rooms or messes will some- were dealing with a theoretical Pentagon Upholds Policy They talk with American legistime, somehow pay a dividend invasion of Iraq a problem set to the interests of the United by the instructor...
...5. For fiscal 1970 expenditures in Latin America, see the NACLA Newsletter, vol...
...There's no time...
...By Fiscal Year Region & country Personnel trained in the U.S...
...Military Aid Missions Abroad...
...Seventeen Latm-Amorago, puts high priority on the-grant aid program...
...Other foreign stu-]ment that includes officers foreign officer and his family CoWee hene of that,'hedents on crash courses concen-Itrained in the United States- have'a military sponsor, an of"We have none of that," he trate on American weapons that 'that of Indonesia, for example I s aid...
...16-17...
...Colombia 16 - 1,607 340 818 1,799 503 341 299 5,723 Costa Rica - 165 60 141 182 233 239 215 1,235 Dominican Republic - - 440 44 97 569 769 762 435 3,116 Ecuador 142 374 1,117 270 307 340 247 223 199 3,219 E1 Salvador 325 105 366 168 183 220 187 173 99 1,826 Guatemala 319 77 166 128 270 249 644 218 411 2,482 Guyana - - 44 12 552 98 84 165 955 Honduras 83 61 104 137 300 127 119 99 158 1,188 Jamaica - - - 166 197 88 451 Mexico 500 - - - 245 . 745 Panama 160 27 569 77 125 137 141 103 128 1,467 Peru 46 226 466 639 737 1,060 529 280 132 4,115 Uruguay - 3 - 11 288 160 188 158 224 1,032 Venezuela - 27 263 338 459 425 431 353 331 2,627 Other countries 24 558 - - - - - 582 Regional 30 266 529 537 88 18 - - 1,468 I~== = I...
...Guatemala...
...sional officer...
...Military Assistance Expenditures, Worldwide, Fiscal 1950-68...
...Army Transportation School, Ft...
...Postgraduate School, Monterey U.S...
...the Armed Forces Staif Collcge rived at the Uite State now being trained into three- Here at this old at Norfolk...
...4 Through the Foreign Military Sales program (FMS), the Pentagon has also extended credit to selected Third World countries for the purchase of additional military hardware...
...and, finally, foreign troops cost the U.S...
...Most often, however, the Government has found it advisable to employ foreign mercenaries and the armies of client regimes in order to attain its purposes...
...Dept...
...much less to maintain...
...Walter Reed Army Hospital, Washington, D.C...
...Number of Public Safety Advisors Abroad as of June 30, 1968: 407...
...Lee Fleet Training Center, Norfolk CIC Watch Officer's School, Norfolk Radarman School, Norfolk Radioman School, Norfolk Air Conditioning and Refrigeration School, Norfolk Naval Air Reserve Training Unit, Norfolk Fleet Air Defense Training Center, Virginia Beach, Norfolk WYOMING (1) FE Warren Air Force BasePOLICE ASSISTANCE- WORLDWIDE 1961-69 18By Fiscal Years [Thousands of dollars] Total Region and country 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 61-69 4 VIETNAM 1,268 1,613 691 696 1,552 2,573 10,697 25,443 19,647 64,180 EAST ASIA, Total 3,673 5,992 10,277 3,299 7,673 14,943 20,749 20,672 9,211 96,489 Burma 6 107 38 25 19 - - - - 195 Cambodia 1,477 271 716 119 - - 2,583 Indonesia 1,010 2,381 5,656 855 219 - - - 10,121 Korea 403 116 - - 210 5,445 530 6,704 Laos 4 187 - - 900 557 629 445 466 3,184 Philippines 53 62 244 135 101 269 296 618 608 2,386 Thailand 4 537 3,055 3,623 2,]165 6,434 14,117 19,614 14,164 7,607 71,316 LATIN AMERICA, Total 5 2,518 2,866 7,951 4,486 5,448 7,087 5,306 4,037 3,931 43,630 Argentina - 1 5 26 41 47 - - - 120 Bolivia 155 339 413 286 104 13 62 109 117 1,598 Brazil 718 596 1,292 1,098 774 754 699 623 862 7,416 Chile - 206 449 283 459 435 290 75 68 2,265...
...Army Quartermaster School, Ft...
...Government Printing Office, 1970], pp...
...28-31...
...Committee...
...spent over $236 million on this program to provide Third World police forces with modern communications equipment, intelligence systems and antiriot gear...
...Each College here, eneral Staff colleagues...
...Both the Good and the Bad liian countries sent officer to widening vista of the profes-l Tile Pentagon has been "We present the good a: the United States in fiscal 1q70...
...Police Major Eduardo SUAREZ Prias, National Police Captain Rodrigo VARGAS Ruiz, National Police GUATEMALA Second Lieutenant Alejandro DIAZ de la Cruz, Treasury Guard Second Lieutenant Gabino GONZALES Figueros, National Police Lieutenant Arturo Manuel LOPEZ Cifuentes, National Police Second Lieutenant Francisco Antonio NOGUERA Rojas, Treasury Guard Second Lieutenant Raul Israel RIVERA Espana, Treasury Guard Second Lieutenant Erasmo Romery VASQUEZ Lemus, National Police HONDURAS Major Hector APARICIO Nunez, Special Security Corps Second Lieutenant Manuel Osmundo RODRIGUEZ, Special Security Corps Second Lieutenant Crlstobal SIMON Romero, Special Security Corps PANAMA Captain Gilberto BULGIN M., National Guard Detective Jose Maria GONZALEZ Atencio, National Department of Investigation Captain Humberto RODRIGUEZ B., National Guard URUGUAY Sub-Commissary Wilson W. LAZO de Leon, Maldonado Police Headquarters Official Inspector Sidney RIBEIRO Bitancourt, Montevideo Police Headquarters Sub-Commissary Esteban TECHERA Iglesias, Cerro Largo Police Headquarters VENEZUELA Officer, First Class, Ciro Antonio ORTIZ, Municipal Police, Federal District, Caracas Officer, Second Class, Ruben Dario ROMERO Garcia, Municipal Police, Federal District, Caracas Sub-Inspector Andres SALAZAR Luna, Technical Corps of Judicial Police Sub-Inspector Amador TOVAR Mijares, Technical Corps of Judicial Police Sub-Inspector Julio A. YANEZ Franquinez, Technical Corps of Judicial Police INTER-AMERICAN GENERAL COURSE NO...
...cers' life here, says the college Staff College at Quantic...
...4. Ibid., p. 20...
...and abroad...
...MILITARY ASSISTANCE EXPENDITURES -Worldwide, Fiscal 1950-1968 (Dollars in Millions) - 14 - Country FY 1950 - 1963 FY 1964 FY 1965 FY 1966 FY 1967 FY 1968 FY 1950 - 1968 East Asia Cambodia 83.2 3.6 .3 - - - 87.1 China 1,960.3 128.1 84.8 76.5 70.4 115.0 2,435.0 Indo-China 2 709.6 - - 709.6 Indonesia 53.3 7.1 2.1 .7 .6 3.1 66.9 Japan 772.1 18.7 29.6 1.2 29.1 3.6 854.3 Korea $ 1,706.3 124.3 173.1 153.1 149.8 197.4 2,503.9 Malaysia ,* .2 .2 .2 .6 Philippines 268.4 10.7 18.2 26.0 21.0 29.1 373.4 Thailand 415.0 52.7 36.4 40.8 44.9 - 589.7 Vietna 846.5 185.2 274.7 170.0 - - 1,476.4 East Asia Area *6 394.5 40.4 59.3 68.3 84.7 3.1 650.3 East Asia Total 7,209.2 570.7 678.4 536.7 400.8 351.5 9,747.3 Near East and South Asia Afghanistan 2.3 .5 .1 .2 .1 .3 3.5 Ceylon - - - * * Greece 1,044 9 83.1 104.0 78.7 44.0 45.0 1,399.8 India 2.1 .2 Iran 556.0 27.3 49.9 41.1 41.2 38.7 754.2 Iraq 46.1 * .2 .2 .1 * 46.7 Jordan 20.6 8.1 4.6 2.8 11.9 2.1 50.2 Lebanon 8.4 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 8.9 Nepal .5 .5 Pakistan * .1 Saudi Arabia 28.8 1.1 .8 1.5 .8 1.0 34.0 Syria -* * * * * .1 Turkey 1,994.2 101.6 118.4 100.5 118.5 130.9 2,563.9 Yemen - - * * - - * NESA Area ** 648.0 63.8 62.2 6.6 .2 .1 784.1 NESA Total 4,349.3 285.7 340.4 231.6 219.4 219.1 5,645.5 Europe Austria * * * Belgium 1,189.6 39.6 4.8 1.6 .1 1.9 1,237.6 Denmark 530.0 12.1 48.1 20.1 7.5 * 617.9 France 4,144.5 5.2 3 5 - - 4,153.2 Germany 900.4 .3 .1 - - 900.8 Italy 2,160.0 40.0 81.6 3.2 4.2 2,288.9 Luxembourg 8.2 * * - 8.2 Netherlands 1,153.7 10.7 49.7 * 2.8 - 1,217.0 Norway 701.1 41.1 35.3 42.8 32.6 24.2 877.1 Portugal 293.9 5.6 7.5 1.5 2.2 3.2 313.8 Spain 436.4 20.1 40.6 35.5 8.0 11.8 552.4 United Kingdom 1,034.0 .3 .2 - - - 1,034.5 Yugoslavia 693.9 - - - - - 693.9 Europe Area 297.1 1.9 3.9 1.4 .9 1.2 306.2 Europe Total** 13,542.8 176.7 275.3 106.1 58.4 42.5 14,201.7 , r . . . . . ,,, i I I /- 15 - Country FY 1950 - 1963 FY 1964 FY 1965 FY 1966 FY 1967 FY 1968 FY 1950 - 1968 Africa Cameroon .2 * - - - 3 Congo .1 5.0 2.3 3.6 5.1 3 8 19 9 Dahomey .1 - - - - - .1 Ethiopia 62.3 10.3 8.3 10.7 9.0 17.4 118 0 Ghana * - .1 Guinea - .7 .2 .9 Ivory Coast .1 - - - .1 Liberia 2.0 .7 .5 .5 1.3 1.1 6.0 Libya 4.4 1.6 2.2 1.7 2.6 1.6 13 9 Mali .9 .2 .5 .5 .7 - 2,7 Morocco 10,1 6.0 2.3 3.1 5.2 6.6 33 3 Niger .1 - - - - .1 Nigeria * .1 .3 .4 .2 .2 1.2 Senegal 1.7 .5 .1 .1 .1 .2 2.7 Sudan .1 * .3 .3 * .7 Tunisia 10.7 3.5 .9 .6 .7 1.7 18.0 Upper Volta .1 -* *- - .1 Africa Area-* -- - * * Africa Total 92.8 27,8 17.3 22.2 25.2 32.6 218.0 Latin America Argentina 2.8 1.5 6.o 6.4 6.8 10.9 34.4 Bolivia 5,4 3.2 1.9 2.4 2.9 3.5 19.3 Brazil 150.6 9.1 11.4 9.5 13.4 12.6 206.7 Chile 52.0 7.8 6.3 8.4 4.7 7.5 86.7 Colombia 39.4 6.2 5.7 8.3 7.9 12.2 79.7 Costa Rica .8 .5 .2 .1 .1 .1 1.8 Cuba 10.6 - - - 10.6 Dominican Republic 8.2 1.5 1.2 1.6 3.4 2.3 18.3 Ecuador 22.2 2.6 2.3 3.9 3.1 2.8 37.0 El Salvador 1.7 .9 .8 .7 .6 ,6 5.3 Guatemala 5.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 2.3 13,1 Haiti 3,2 - - - _ - 3.2 Honduras 2,6 .4 .7 .7 1.0 1.0 6.4 Jamaica * .2 .4 - .3 .3 1.1 Mexico .6 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 1.7 Nicaragua 4.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 10.2 Panama 1.1 .2 .2 .4 .5 .3 2.6 Paraguay 9 1.2 .9 1.0 1.1 1.8 7.0 Peru 41,1 10.0 8.2 7.3 6.6 8.7 81.9 Uruguay 27,5 1.7 2.4 2.5 1.6 2.0 37,8 Venezuela 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.3 7.6 Latin America Area .5 .0 1.8 1.3 1.0 14.5 Latin America Total** 388.8 52.1 55.9 58.4 59.1 72.8 687.0 Non-Regional 2, 433,1 301.5 -131.6 107.3 50.6 .3 2,761.2 Grand Total 28;016.0 1,414.5 1235.7 1,062.4 81 718.7 33,260.7 Note Totals may not add due to rounding...
...military aid to Thailand has been included in the Department of Defense appropriation and not reported as part of the Military Assistance Program...
...As part of MAP and FMS, the Defense Department has provided training for some 297,000 foreign military personnel in the U.S...
...Post Office Department Scientific Questioned Document Examination - scientific examination of Investigation Lab, Washington, D.C...
...nominally Thai) air bases in Vietnam, and all costs associated with the subsidization of Thai troops in Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia...
...to intervene with its own combat troops to suppress these insurgencies (Korea, Lebanon, Vietnam, the Dominican Republic, Cambodia...
...393 Indonesia...
...Paraguay...
...Number trained in third countries, 291...
...Twelve have become training program financed by American life in all its aspects Base, Alabama...
...g o " '9...
...counter-insurgency and counter subversion...
...Holabird U.S...
...Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee, United States Security Agreements and Commitments Abroad, Hearings...
...Washington, D.C.: U.S...
...Peru...
...Naval Hospital, Chelsea MISSISSIPPI (2) Kessler Air Force Base Greenville Air Force Base MISSOURI (2) U.S...
...Army Ordnance Guided Missile School, Huntsville U.S...
...countries...
...THE NIXON DOCTRINE In order to further reduce the U.S...
...Va., 66 from e2 rived at the United States In- categorie...
...In English and French...
...IV (May-June, 1970), p. 29.Personnel Public trained in 3rd countries 2 1967-69 Safety Advisors as of 30 Jun 68 VIETNAM 116 177 200 EAST ASIA, total 392 83 76 Indonesia 10 - - Korea 13 5 6 Laos 29 72 4 Malaysia 18 - - Okinawa - 6 - Philippines 61 - 8 Thailand 261 - 58 LATIN AMERICA, total 1,135 4 90 Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Rep...
...military aid to the French during the Indo-Chinese War of Independence (1946-54...
...45 Il I I BOLIVIA Lieutenant Freddy FERRUFINO Garvizu, National Police Lieutenant Jorge PAREDES Ocampo, National Police BRAZIL Delegate Edesio Baptista ALBINO, Civil Police, State of Rio de Janeiro Delegate Antonio Carlos Soares de AZEREDO, Civil Police, State of Rio de Janeiro Inspector Arnaldo Moreira COSTA, Civil Guard, State of Pernambuco Captain Francisco Paz DA SILVA, Military Police, State of Piaui Inspector Jose Aparecido de OLIVEIRA, Civil Police, State of Minas Gerais Council Official Francisco do Socorro SA, Civil Police, State of Para COLOMBIA MaJor Santos Dario SANCHEZ Guarin, National...
...18 Training of Foreign Police Personnel in the U.S...
...MILITARY ASSISTANCE ADVISORY GROUPS, MILITARY MISSIONS, AND MILITARY GROUPS, AS OF JULY 1, 1970 ! U.S...
...States-are being molded by constitute the remainder of the trained in oe Unted States Fe American military education...
...Bliss UTAH (1) Hil Air Force Base VIRGINIA (11) U.S...
...28 Morocco...
...50 countries at the Commandi gautso omns-lc Teecvla pnos c and General Staff College, the Many Are Trained Overseas :iratutes of Communist-bloc These civilian sponsors...
...Army Command and General Staff College, Ft...
...Ecuador...
...about ,- is evident...
...and abroad...
...42 5 47 113 39 152 9 6 15 15 6 21 20 5 25 0 0 1 1 7 4 137 4 679 0 2 11 141 227 906 1. Source: Department of Defense [table inserted by 107 320 Senator Ellender in the Congressional Record (April 1, 1969), p. S3510.] 236 860 2. Excludes Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), headquarters of U.S...
...McClellan U.S...
...stockyards and universities...
...20 France...
...of Defense, 1969), p. 21...
...2 Classified countries include Laos, Burma, Israel, Egypt, Austria.- 17 - Military Training Centers In The U.S...
...Army Infantry School, Ft...
...Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, Military Assistance Facts (Washington, D.C., 1969), pp...
...Agency for International Development, Statistics and Reports Division, Operations Report, Data as of: 30 June 1968, 30 June 1969...
...Sam Houston Brooke Army Hospital, Ft...
...They have whthrthycoefrom r; in.................l whether they come from Nor-lance Program which, throughlimplementation of the Nixonlgiven him, he said...
...Ethiopia...
...He may be attacked because the students aned as the rise of organ...
...Part 6, Republic of Korea...
...Army Southeastern Signal School, Ft...
...IV (May-June, 1970), pp...
...a close way or Yugoslavia...
...8. Foreign Assistance 1971, p. 307...
...47 Netherlands...
...304-10...
...Foreign Total STRIKE COMMAND (STRICOM) EUROPEAN COMMAND (EUCO11) Belgium...
...Foreign per- PerCountry sonnel sonnel Total Country U.S...
...nical topics involving police records, firearms and ballistics, investigation procedures, police tactics...
...Army, Ft...
...9 1. See: U.S...
...in police organization, management, operation, planning and research...
...This policy, the so-called "Nixon Doctrine," clearly requires a vast increase in MAP funding...
...66 Korea...
...Naval Hospital, Philadelphia Damage Control Training Center, Philadelphia Boilerman School, Philadelphia U.S...
...internal security...
...the gathering and as- Foreign Aid Law sponsul bl Expects Many to Be officers-some of whom may sessment of information, the Senator J. W. Fulbright, Demo- Leaders at Home face each other later on oppO- conduct of operations in hypo- crat of Arkansas, the head of wearetryn todot'correct site sides of the firing line and thetical situations in which thelthe Senate Foreign Relationsl we ae tri to d t t others who may well become student assumes various roles...
...20 - Training Of Foreign Police Personnel In The U.S...
...Army Engineer School, Ft...
...Here the student deals under grant aid provisions of Command and General Staf...
...cises and cocktail parties, Is...
...With respect to police assistance programs, the same functions are performed by the Office of Public Safety of the U.S...
...46 BOLIVIA Lieutenant Enrlque BURGOA Oblitas, National Police Lieutenant Armando Escipion SANDAGORDA, National Police BRAZIL Captain Otavio Pessoa de ALBUQUERQUE, Military Police State of Alagoas Agent Ailton Rodrigues de BARROS, Federal Police, State of Goias Assistant Agent Mogar Peres BENGOCHEA, Federal Police Brasilia Captain Egidio BENICIO de Abreu Filho, Military Police, State of Minas Gerais Major Francisco Antunes DA SILVA, Military Police, State of Mato Grosso Assistant Agent Joao Vieira GUIMARAES, Federal Police, Brasilia Agent Elias OHANA, Federal Police, State of Para Agent Jose Mendes ROCHA, Federal Police, State of Mato Grosso COLOMBIA Major Alvaro Edmundo BERNAL, National Police Lieutenant Fernando Humberto BERNAL P., National Police Captain Luis LAMPREA, National Police Lieutenant Angel Augusto ROLDAN C., National Police DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Second Pieutenant Jose Rafael HENRIQUEZ Guzman, National Police Second Lieutenant Francisco Antonio LIZARDO Garcia, National Police First Lieutenant Oscar Felix PEGUERO Hermida, National Police Second Lieutenant Severo PEREZ Rodriguez, National Police Second Lieutenant Claudio ROMERO-Nin, National Police EL SALVADOR Detective Sub-Inspector Carlos Rene GARCIA, National Police Detective Inspector Rufino SOLORZANO Ramirez, National Police GUATEMALA Lieutenant Hector Enrique BELTRAND GIRON, National Police Second Lieutenant Cesar Antonio BONILLA Rivera, Treasury Guard Captain Julio Cesar FERNANDEZ Cuellar, National Police Second Lieutenant Landelino GARCIA Mayen, Treasury Guard First Lieutenant Jose Bernardo LOPEZ Tanchez, Treasury Guard Second Lieutenant Italo Alfonso MARTINEZ Arias, Treasury Guard HONDURAS Lieutenant Jose Maria BETANCOURTH, Special Security Corps Major Rene Adalberto PAZ, Special Security Corps PANAMA Detective, First Class, Virgilio Cirilo BANISTA L., National Department of Investigations Detective, First Class, Augusto Raul GONZALEZ, National Department of Investigations Investigator Julio Cesar GUTIERREZ, National Department of Investigations Detective, First Class, Joaquin VALENCIA, National Department of Investigations VENEZUELA Sub-Inspector Eladio Arturo ARTIGAS Fernandez, Technical Corps of Judicial Police Sub-Inspector Ramon Enrique MARCANO, Technical Corps of Judicial PoliceTHE NEW YORK IMES, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1970 - 23 - Thousands of Foreign Military Men By DREW MIDDLETON pecii to 'rne New York Timesnt FORT LEAVENWORTH, Kan...
...Although this ya' There is remarkably little fric- is to train a military mind that ample is Mai...
...Gordon HAWAII (1) Fleet Training Center, Pearl Harbor ILLINOIS (10) Scott Air Force Base U.S...
...1967-69 Training in 3rd countries 25 Public Safety Advisors 14 Training in the U.S...
...U.S...
...Benjamin Harrison Finance School, U.S...
...13 Japan...
...Army Medical Optical and Maintenance Activity, St...
...4. Excludes construction costs for U.S...
...Saudi Arabia...
...his first months at the collect danians, Indians and Pakistanis...
...10 West Germany...
...3. See interview beginning on page 1 for data on CIA affiliation of Public Safety Advisors in the Dominican Republic...
...Army Signal School, Ft...
...Slocum U.S...
...Criminal Investigation Lab, Firearms Identification Fort Gordon, Ga...
...The U.S...
...Department of Defense, The 1970 Defense Budget and Defense Program for Fiscal Years 1970-74 (Washington, D.C., 1969...
...Part 3, Kingdom of Thailand...
...7. Classified countries in this area include Israel and Egypt.- 16 - drawing: Mingo / MARCHA (Montevideo) TRAINING OF FOREIGN MILITARY PERSONNEL SUMMARY OF STUDENTS TRAINED UNDER MAP 1 Trained Trained Total Trained Trained Total Country FY 50-63 FY 64-68 Trained Country FY 50-63 FY 64-68 Trained Cambodia 334 3 337 Argentina 1,190 1,216 2,406 China 19,508 3,604 23,112 Bolivia 764 1,432 2,196 Indo-China 434 - 434 Brazil 3,416 2,255 5,671 Indonesia 2,379 485 2,864 Chile 2,219 1,448 3,667 Japan 13,790 1,490 15,280 Colombia 2,516 1,378 3,894 Korea 21,160 7,365 28,525 Costa Rica 208 321 529 Malaysia 18 123 141 Cuba 521 - 521 Philippines 9,141 3,076 12,217 Dominican Republic 955 1,419 2,374 Thailand 7,340 2,796 10,136 Ecuador 2,246 1,549 3,795 Vietnam 10,756 3,242 13,998 El Salvador 304 528 832 East Asia Total 84,860 22,184 107,044 Guatemala 903 1,117 2,020 Haiti 504 - 504 Afghanistan 164 88 252 Honduras 746 602 1,348 'Ceylon 7 7 Mexico 240 306 546 Greece 9,399 3,351 12,750 Nicaraga 2,366 1,204 3,570 India 6 465 471 Panama 768 2,106 2,874 Iran 6,228 2,782 9,010 Paraguay 204 564 768 Iraq 241 163 404 Peru 2,820 1,624 4,444 Jordan 142 203 345 Uruguay 807 607 1,414 Lebanon 60 1,280 1,340 Venezuela 724 2,382 3,106 Nepal - 15 15 Latin America Total 24,421 22,058 46,479 Pakistan 3,498 642 4,140 Saudi Arabia 621 496 1,117 Belgium 4,809 389 5,198 Syria 3 20 23 Denmark 4,129 581 4,710 Turkey 12,894 4,000 16,894 France 14,312 30 14,342 Yeman - 5 5 Germany 1,251 373 1,624 NESA Total 33,256 13,517 46,773 Italy 9,215 148 9,363 Luxembourg 158 18 176 Congo - 165 165 Netherlands 6,085 212 6,297 Ethiopia 1,555 968 2,523 Norway 5,229 303 5,532 Ghana 33 13 46 Portugal 2,288 205 2,493 Liberia 94~ 241 335 Spain 6,049 1,426 7,475 Libya 58 321 379 United Kingdom 3,853 14 3,867 Mali 7 49 56 Yugoslavia 844 - 844 Morocco 4 1,002 1,006 NATO Agency 465 - 465 Nigeria 18 298 316 Europe Total 58,687 3,699 62,386 Senegal 3 '5 8 2 Sudan 34 92 126 Classified Countries 6,310 13,031 19,341 Tunisis 20 206 226 Upper Volta 4 8 12 Total 209,364 77,857 287,221 Africa Total 1,830 3,368 5,198 Source: Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs...
...Thousands of foreign military erations...
...15, 1969: "Clearly, the overriding goal of our collective defense efforts in Asia must be to assist our allies in building a capability to defend themselves...
...1,048 Thailand...
...Army Special Warfare School, Ft...
...The Department or Defense with the problems of adminis- the Military Assistance Program College curriculum, centered tration, civil as well as military, cannot exceed the number ofu accepts the inevitable risk, con- nafredyohotlntifrigcvlaswo inupon the training of officers fident that the stamp left by in a friendly or hostil e nation, foreign civilians who studied in for senior field and staff posts...
...f, thev try to understand it and leaders and supporters of gov- Civil affairs, logistics and provides that the number of make their own evaluation leaersandsuportrs f gv-training i teueof personnel foreign military personnellwe ernments hostile to the United tinin in the use r ne in m itateso they return home...
...documents...
...Exchanges between students authoritarian governments hos- An Israeli colonel regarded raelis rub shoulders with Jor- and instructors are sharp, can- tile to the United States...
...Officers from abroad Air Force Command and Staft 3,309 foreign o ffiers have been 0 0 0' is going through a crash at the college are exposed to College at Maxwell Air Fore gaduated...
...Fort Leavenworth or Fort te movement of supplies on a the United States the previous has an extra dimension...
...forced to reduce the foreign bad sides of American lifc "'Afghanistan and Nepal wrn Two-thirds of the ourse ismilitary training program be- he said "We show them every-reported among the Asians, the ,devoted to intelligence and op.'cause of an amendment to the, thing, good and bad, and what Ivory Coast and Mali among the Africans...
...The object A notable contemporary x-,as "excellent, a big experiThere is remarkably little fric.~~~~ex ence...
...Slocum U.S.N.R...
...Similar tactics have been employed by the U.S...
...Benjamin Harrison KANSAS (2) U.S...
...Army Medical Service Meat & Dairy Hygiene School, Chicago US...
...Police Assistance Programs in Latin America," NACLA Newsletter, vol...
...Panama...
...21 I- 13 - U.S...
...Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy course of instruction - scientific and techNational Academy, Quantico, Va...
...Military Aid Missions Abroad AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL STRENGTHS OF U.S...
...Army Language School, Presidio of Monterey Vandenburg Air Force Base Edwards Air Force Base Norton Air Force Base McClellan Air Force Base Fleet Training Center Fleet Sonar School, San Diego Fleet Gunnery and Torpedo School, San Diego Engineman School, San Diego Electricians Mate School, San Diego Interior Communications Electricians Mate School, San Diego Metalsmith School, San Diego Metalwork School, San Diego Patternmakers School, San Diego Radioman School, San Diego Storekeepers School, San Diego Welding School, San Diego COLORADO (3) USAF Academy, Colorado Springs Fitzsimmons Army Hospital, Denver Lowry Air Force Base CONNECTICUT (1) U.S...
...of this materiel, the Unitedthe eelnsevestblitsuenti nleaders at home...
...El Salvador...
...International Police Academy and other Special Actions & Riot Control [in French] - training for civil Government agencies disturbances and control of peaceful assemblages, including handling of weapons and equipment Police Telecommunications anagement Police Radio Communications U.S...
...We are are to be part of their nationall-is likely to be more fvor- ricer of the college, and civilian There lar 103officersfrmdefense: panes, ships, tanks ttble to American interests sponsors in Kansas City or Fort T here are 103 officers from and guns...
...Army, Charlottesville U.S...
...17 Police Assistance, Worldwide, Fiscal 1961-69...
...B enning, the shared experience large scale and personnel man- year under the Mutual and Edu- The officers visit industrial of a tactical exercise, the agemet in a modern army...
...Chad Congo (Kinshasa) Dahomey Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Liberia Morocco Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sierra Leone Somali Rep...
...Public Safety Advisors...
...Hearings, 91st Cong., 2d Ses...
...Naval Station, Willow Grove Olmstead Air Force Base RHODE ISLAND (1) Fleet Training Center, Newport SOUTH CAROLINA (2) Fleet Training Center, Charleston Mine Warfare School, Charleston TENNESSEE (I) Sewart Air Force Base TEXAS (21) Amarillo Air Force Base Sheppard Air Force Base Perrin Air Force Base U.S...
...cal differences taining exer- operations officer of a division often have returned home to zed labor and a day on an In classrooms, training exer- or supply officer for an army...
...Army, Ft...
...Defense Department officials States should provide the train- thedefense eas ntiesa Since 1894, when a divide the approximately 16.- ing for the officers who will ude II from five countries al...
...firearms, narcotics law enforcement...
...Army Aviation School Brooks Air Force Base Kelly Air Force Base Lackland Air Force Base Randolph Air Force Base Army Medical Services School, Ft...
...Agency for International Development in Washington, and by resident Public Safety Advisors in recipient countries...
...McClellan Craig Air Force Base Gunter Air Force Base Maxwell Air Force Base U.S...
...80 Italy...
...These groups provide instruction to the indigenous troops who will use the equipment furnished by MAP, and generally oversee the process of mercenarization...
...The earlier editions of this publication were issued by the International Cooperation Administration, AID's predecessor agency.] 3. The statistical categories used by AID to report such assistance vary from year to year, so it is possible that figures for some years fall short of full amount of aid...
...The remaining 20 percent is divided, in the fiscal 1971 program, between 41 additional countries (some for training purposes only).6 Arguing that the police constitute the "first line of defense" against insurgency and subversion, the United States has established a massive program of police assistance closely paralleling the military assistance program...
...14 Spain...
...2 [Emphasis added.] The cost of mercenarization has been staggering: Pentagon figures indicate that between 1950 and 1968 the United States provided $19 billion in weapons, supplies, training and cash to Third World armies under the Military Assistance Program (MAP) - and this amount excludes Vietnam-related military aid...
...House of Representatives, Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee, Foreign Assistance and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1971...
...Army Chaplain School, Ft...
...Albans Griffiss Air Force Base NORTH CAROLINA (1) U.S...
...Southern Illinois University Penology and Corrections - [four courses] - Management of Correctional Institutions...
...Army Aviation School...
...in Bolivia, the Congo, and the Bay of Pigs...
...Total, STRICOM...
...Correctional Relationships with Juvenile and Criminal Courts...
...Womens Army Corps School, Ft...
...7. For background on the police aid program, see: "U.S...
...Besides costing substantially less (an Asian soldier costs about 1/15th as much as his American counterpart) there are compelling political and psychological advantages on both sides of the Pacific for such a policy...
...Benning Supply Corps Officers School, Athens U.S...
...Brazil...
...Nigeria...
...riot control...
...Uruguay...
...friendships formed in ward- In one typical class, students as the Fulbright program...
...Army, Ft...
...chighest-level American school The students here at Forti Officials in Washington say cording n the Israe co onet attended by foreign officers.[Leavenworth are a small partthe personnel training program;+who did not wish to be endThey are designated as "Allies"[of the national Military Assist- can be a factor in the sucessful are "really nice...
...known plants, art galleries, museums...
...214 12 12 53 6 26 6 57 17 17 8 315 5 5 22 6 3 2 27 3 1 67 11 33 19 6 53 13 4 2 5 2 1 3 1 1 4 5 5 2 3 54 8 2 25 4 4 1 2 r . . III Police Training Centers In The [Condensed from: U.S...
...The challenging aspects of our new policy can, therefore, best be achieved when each partner does its share and contributes what it best can to the common effort...
...20 Norway...
...FLORIDA (6) Fleet Sonar School, Key West Bartow Air Base Tyndall Air Force Base Graham Air Force Base Eglin Air Force Base Naval Air Station, Pensacola GEORGIA (8) Bainbridge Air Force Base Sperice Air Base Robbins Air Force Base U.S...
...Military Establishment: domestic opposition to foreign operations is reduced because our involvement is less visible and less costly...
...Coast Guard Training Center, Maritime Law Enforcement Yorktown, Va., and Coast Guard Academy, New London, Conn...
...Army Armor School, Ft...
...In the majority of cases, this means indigenous manpower organized into properly equipped and well-trained armed forces with the help of materiel, training, technology and specialized skills furnished by the United States through the Military Assistance Program or as Foreign Military Sales.- [Emphasis added.] According to Laird, the Military Assistance Program is "the essential ingredient" of the Nixon policy "if we are to honor our obligations, support our allies, and yet reduce the likelihood of having to commit American ground combat units...
...Colombia...
...Includes totals for classified countries...
...Vietnamization alone will cost another $6 billion in the next few years, while Koreanization will cost an estimated $1-2 billion...
...3. Excludes $1 billion payment to South Korea for supplying troops for the Vietnam war...
...the end of 1969, trained more doctrine, under which allied,sview of day.to-day life in Lhe Many Future Leaders ]than 202,000 foreign militaryland friendly countries will be-United States...
...In Vietnam, for instance, American funds have been used to pay the expenses of Korean, Thai and Philippine troops in addition to the one million man army of the Saigon regime...
...Part 1, The epublic of the Philippines...
...Agency for International Development, Office of Public Safety, Public Safety Training (Washington, D.C., 1968)] Institution Program Guide: Course and Description International Police Academy, Senior Course [for high-level police commanders] - instruction Washington, D.C...
...Chile...
...These benefits were summed up by former Defense Secretary Clark Clifford in an unusually candid statement to the Congress on Jan...
...Department of Defense, Fiscal Year 1971 Defense Program and Budget (Washington, D.C., 1970...
...19 - Region and country NEAR EAST & SO...
...Training Center, Ft...
...and Abroad...
...Correctional Institution Design and Construction...
...The substitution of mercenaries for American troops in counterinsurgency warfare has many advantages for the U.S...
...1. Source: U.S...
...Government...
...International Police Services School, Police Records Management...
...ALABAMA (8) U.S...
...16-17...
...become leaders or members of American farm...
...Knox MARYLAND (3) U.S...
...and, on the basis of a number rm o u, trls at the A r cabinet ministers or ambassa- other group, numbering 5,300.of informal interviews, the re- . als at.Maxw"-l doors, 80 commanders of nation-s training or studying in the Isuits are good P..0 students from 30 ountri"e al armed services and 922 gen- Unlted States at the expense...
...In addition, the United States has paid the governments of Korea and Thailand a bribe of $1 billion each to obtain the use of their soldiers as cannon fodder in Vietnam...
...Bragg OHIO (1) Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton OKLAHOMA (3) Vance Air Force Base Tinker Air Force Base U.S...
...ant of the Swiss Armyten- 1 1 0 0 officers and enlisted men direct its use...
...Agency for International Development, Statistics and Reports Division, Operations Report, Data as of: 30 June 1961, 30 June 1962, 30 June 1963, 30 June 1964, 30 June 1965, 30 June 1966, 30 June 1967, 30 June 1968, and 30 June 1969...
...Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, Military Assistance Facts (Washington, D.C., 1969), pp...
...Less than $50,000...
...heads of state or Premiers, 112 the Department of Defense...
...If past records are t in Officials contend that if the an indication, many will be-land 3,953 abroad under grant most efficient use is to be made oereig- sten .tteion come political and military;;aid...
...Army Intelligence School, Ft...
...Army Aviation School, Ft...
...Dominican Republic...
...16 Military Training Centers in the U.S...
...Inter-American General Course - same as above, in Spanish...
...ASIA, Total Greece Iran Jordan Lebanon Nepal Pakistan Turkey UAR-Egypt Other countries...
...Public Safety Advisors...
Vol. 4 • November 1970 • No. 7
