REVIEWS: An Occasion for Reflection, Squandered
Young, Cynthia
JULY/AUGUST 2008 reviews mALA: reading Bolivia in the U.S. Press 1. The Associated Press: Harold Olmos, “Troops, Residents Fight for Control of Bolivia’s Busiest Airport,” October...
...That is not to say that she didn’t perform important political work, but that building a revolution isn’t glamorous, nor can it be summed up in images of armed Black Panthers...
...Ultimately, the film lends us little insight into Shakur...
...That realization makes Justin’s warning that “there’s danger in the true telling of this story” sound like unfounded paranoia...
...In 1979, she escaped from the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey and lived underground for several years before escaping in 1984 to Cuba, where she still lives as a political exile...
...Rather, he argues that the ability to free oneself from vices like drugs, alcohol, and gambling, and the violence that is often connected with them, is an important motivating factor for conversion...
...Peter Goodman, “Populism for a Price,” August 3, 2007...
...and there is increasing pressure from private investors to expand industrialization and limit environmental regulation...
...Discussions between energy companies and the Colombian government began in 1975, and the mine itself was opened in 1983...
...They lost their homeland and have received virtually none of the benefits they were promised when the mine was opened...
...Such a one-dimensional representation may add luster to Shakur’s image, but it gives us little insight into how and why she became the tireless activist she was and still is...
...Washington would need to somehow legalize current Mexican undocumented workers and offer clear, viable paths to citizenship for those who decide to stay...
...The Justin-Asha storyline also overshadows Baker’s meditation on the stakes and costs of doing political filmmaking in a conservative era...
...In the midst of Baker’s shouting and gesticulating, it is difficult to appreciate the fact that filmmakers sometimes do function as political radicals...
...Simon Romero, “Clashes in Bolivia on Vote Over More Autonomy,” May 5, 2008...
...This collection of essays and testimonials sheds light on the social, environmental and medical problems caused by the opening of the coal operation in El Cerrejon, Colombia, more than 20 years ago...
...In particular, it contributes to the mythologizing of her, rather than exploring the circumstances and choices that led to her incredible circumstance...
...if the signatories sincerely want a “real debate,” they must consider this reality...
...These networks are not only an immense resource for those attempting to escape their vices, but also offer assistance, both social and economic, to incoming migrants from rural areas...
...migration to the two countries’ security concerns...
...A timeline in the opening chapter gives thereaderasenseofthemine’shistory...
...The book can, however, be somewhatoffputting.Exceptforacoupleof mild self-criticisms, it is filled with the author’s self-importance: References abound to his intellectual production, his accomplishments as foreign minister, and his personal talks with George W. Bush, Colin Powell, Tony Blair, and Fox...
...All these measures would upset Mexico’s traditional notions of sovereignty and revolutionary nationalism...
...He is clear that in order for a comprehensive reform to be accepted in the United States it would need to be linked to security, but he scarcely deals with drug trafficking...
...One need not share the author’s proclivity for self-aggrandizement to acknowledge that he was, and is, one of the few members of Mexico’s political and intellectual elite who truly understands the sometimes bizarre workings of U.S...
...In that context, racial inequality is likely to persist no matter who answers the White House phone at 3 a.m...
...by 2000, with the decline of circularity, those numbers had shot up to 10% and 3.2%, respectively...
...The edited volume is broken into three sections, the first of which covers conceptual and theoretical frameworks...
...In 1986, Castañeda shows, Mexican-born U.S...
...In all this, his testimony is lucid and valuable for scholars, policy makers, and the general public...
...Cuéllar’s work at the ilea is of par ticular interest to those concerned about human rights in latin america because it exemplifies a new and troubling facet of u.s...
...As indicated by its title, the book highlights the many corporations, state agencies, and other economic actors—including U.S...
...state was willing to go in quashing black radicals and a reminder of just how high the stakes really were...
...The story he tells is therefore an interesting and colorful one, filled with accounts of the hypocrisy and miscalculations of Mexican and U.S...
...In Obama’s life story, one of racial hybridity and good old “up by your boot straps” determination, many in North America have found a charismatic symbol of racial reconciliation, a signal that the civil rights era is finally, truly behind us...
...In short, Baker’s subject matter has all the elements needed for a compelling docudrama, yet the film falls short of even the most modest expectations...
...filmsbyfredbaker...
...JULY/AUGUST 2008 reviews The impact of this massive human integration, Castañeda argues, has irreversibly changed the politics, economics, and cultures of both Mexico and the United States...
...2. According to a World Bank report, “There are justifiable reasons to believe that a large part of [gas] rents (around 90% based on international experience) should ‘belong’ to the central government instead of the prefectures...
...The New York Times: Simon Romero, “American Rancher Resists Land Reform Plans in Bolivia,” May 9, 2008...
...more importantly, it gives us few tools to follow in her illustrious footsteps...
...He portrays Fox as a kind of noble savage, a man with good intentions but with a clumsy or null capacity to act...
...Patrick McDonnell, “The Bolivia of Morales Is a ‘Land Divided,’ ” December 28, 2007...
...Electronic document available at www-wds.worldbank.org...
...The other possibility is Castañeda’s proposal: a comprehensive bilateral immigration reform, with guestworker programs included...
...In one particularly selfindulgent moment, Baker casts himself in the role of William Kunstler, the attorney who represented Shakur during her final trial...
...politics and academia would miss the identity anguishes and essentialisms that are absent from Castañeda’s book...
...ThE PEOPLE BEhIND COLOmBIAN COAL: mINING, mULTINATIONALS, AND hUmAN rIGhTS edited by Aviva Chomsky, Garry Leech, and Steve Striffler, Casa Editorial Pisando Callos (Bogotá), 2007, 200 pp., $12 paperback rarely does such a comprehensive and rich account of a case of devastation come into print...
...Justin explicitly makes this connection when he argues, “With who’s in charge today, [telling Shakur’s story] is even more important...
...NACLA REPORT ON THE AMERICAS reviews Immigration: Beyond Tom and Jerry By Mauricio tenorio-trillo Ex mEx: FrOm mIGrANTS TO ImmIGrANTS by Jorge G. Castañeda, The New Press, 2007, 222 pp., $25.95 hardcover While in the united states and Mexico it would seem that conventional understandings of national sovereignty, national security, national economy, and national culture have remained static over the past century, the data on Mexican immigration to the United States show that radical change in these areas has occurred right before our eyes...
...and Mexican political debates on immigration continue to reflect a hazardous blend of nativism, national identity, and a wide variety of social and economic myths masking greed, racial qualms, and political irresponsibility— even as the human integration of the United States and Mexico has already taken place...
...While the rest of us were just sitting around talking about it, she went and did it...
...Paradoxically, it was U.S...
...While Obama’s meteoric rise to fame and political power is a route few black people can follow, Shakur’s is not...
...Castañeda would do well to seriously consider the possibility of this nightmare...
...Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo is Professor of History at the University of Chicago and Associate Professor at the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), Mexico City...
...public debate on immigration...
...The first reason is equality...
...Not much to do about that...
...However necessary these measures, Castañeda holds that there is no need to even consider them if the United States is unwilling to radically transform its understanding of Mexican migration...
...she is naive and uninhibited where he is experienced and chastened...
...i’m willing to bet they can not do this, since it wasn’t possible for the purposes of the letter: not a single salvadoran’s name appears on the list of signatories, most of whom are north american intellectuals...
...In this scenario, the re-emergence of U.S...
...The Washington Times: Martin Arostegui, “Rivalries Split Indian Coalition...
...Frank Bajak, “AP Interview: Bolivian President Says Rich Nations Must Pay for Damage to Third World,” November 3, 2007...
...Andres Oppenheimer, “Autonomy Vote Will Not Likely Lead to Bolivian Split,” May 1, 2008...
...Editorial, “Authoritarians in the Andes,” December 8, 2007...
...For this to work, Castañeda argues, Mexico would have to commit to both seriously discouraging out-migration and linking Mexico-U.S...
...Forensic and medical experts testified that Shakur’s injuries could only have been sustained while holding her arms up in reviews surrender rather than while firing a gun...
...The inconvenient truth is that millions of black people still attend segregated schools and live in segregated neighborhoods, still find themselves unemployed, still disproportionately face police brutality and incarceration...
...Many could disagree, but not with Castañeda’s call to, as it were, change the channel: Any proposal would be better than the current “Tom and Jerry” paradigm, in which domestic security agencies continuously chase their “illegal” prey...
...on January 21, 2009...
...i challenge the sponsors of this letter to find one member of the salvadoran human rights community who supports Cuéllar’s position on the ilea...
...Carlos Valdez, “Tensions Rise in Bolivia With Dueling Rallies,” December 16, 2007...
...NACLA REPORT ON THE AMERICAS reviews New & Noteworthy rEASON TO BELIEVE: CULTUrAL AGENCY IN LATIN AmErICAN EVANGELICALISm by David Smilde, University of California Press, 2007, 277 pp., $21.95 paperback since mid-century, about 50 million Latin Americans have converted to Protestantism...
...In the midst of all this the book portrays Castañeda as a kind of Mexican Winston Churchill who courageously fights against all odds for a decent political outcome...
...The Miami Herald: Boris Heger and Jack Chang, “Autonomy for Bolivian Province Shows Promise,” May 6, 2008...
...One NACLA REPORT ON THE AMERICAS reviews entails business as usual, the same old game of pretending to do something while doing as little as possible...
...more people are migrating from Mexicanstatesthatwerenottraditional sending areas...
...Worryingly, the perceived link between drug trafficking, terrorism, and migration—and its demagogic manipulation by politicians in both countries—has the potential to become a dangerous equation: JULY/AUGUST 2008 reviews Mexican = Terrorist...
...high officials, and with his own characterizations of the key players...
...Asha never gets to meet her and we are never told much about Shakur’s beliefs other than that she wanted freedom for her people...
...What separates her and us is quite simply the willingness to critically engage one’s world and the unwillingness to let injustice and human suffering go unmarked and unchallenged...
...energy consumers—who are responsible for the mine’s activities...
...If the narrative frame ultimately undermines many of Baker’s political JULY/AUGUST 2008 reviews points, it also squanders the opportunity to tell Shakur’s story...
...Simon Romero, “Bolivia Leader Is Mobilizing Armed Forces,” December 10, 2007...
...Written in English by a prestigious Mexican intellectual, the book explicitly seeks to contribute to a new U.S...
...Indeed, humbleness is alien to Castañeda’s narrative style, and yet this reviewer advises patience: Ex Mex is an important, insightful book...
...Ultimately, one NACLA REPORT ON THE AMERICAS doesn’t care what happens to Justin and Asha, who seem like cardboard cutouts: Asha is impatient where Justin is wise...
...Manual de uso (Mexico City: Tusquets, 2008...
...Today it is the largest mine in the Americas and the largest open-pit mine in the world...
...Ex Mex ends with an outline of two possible futures...
...Unfortunately, despite the book’s many insightful ideas and testimonies, it faces a difficult destiny, given that different U.S...
...Beyond that, it is concerned with the people whose lives have been touched, often disastrously, by the mining operation...
...For many of the Wayuu, life dramatically changed when they were moved to five “reservations” established by the government for their protection and convenience...
...Cynthia Young is Associate Professor of English and Director of the African and African Diaspora Studies Program at Boston College...
...Editorial: Morales, Opponents Head for a Showdown,” December 14, 2007...
...Within hours, they sleep together, fall in love, and agree to collaborate on Justin’s film about Shakur...
...One could not expect less from Castañeda, once upon a time the unappointed enfant terrible of Mexican diplomacy in Cuba and Central America, a well-known public intellectual in English and Spanish, and, not least, a former presidential candidate...
...Baker frames Shakur’s story with a contrived and unconvincing narrative about filmmaker Justin (Charles Everett) and journalism student Asha (Erika Vaughn), who meet at a New York street festival...
...In 1973 Shakur—a former member of the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army (BLA)—was involved in a shoot-out in which New Jersey state trooper Werner Foerster and BLA member Zayd Malik Shakur were killed...
...intervention in the region: the co-optation of hu man rights discourse and the paid involvement of local human rights authorities in u.s.-sponsored po lice and military training programs...
...Despite a long history of environmentalist activism in the region, numerous obstacles continue to block an expanding environmental agenda in the region: Both quantitative and qualitative data are lacking, as is the funding for research to gather such data...
...Following the 1986 amnesty sponsored by the Reagan administration, President Clinton’s immigration policies made it harder for Mexican workers to enter the United States...
...and a key witness against her later recanted his testimony...
...This is another point well worth making, yet it could have been elucidated with more subtlety and finesse than it is here...
...Patrick McDonnell, “Dueling Rallies Spotlight Deep Split in Bolivia,” December 16, 2007...
...Whether or not one agrees with Castañeda’s prognosis, Ex Mex ought to be commended for demarcating the discussion within the plebeian but meaningful and unavoidable confines of realpolitik—centered on lasting justice and equality for Mexican workers in the United States, leaving questions of cultural identity for Mexicans to work out...
...Contrary to the image of activists who solely advocated armed self-defense, revolution meant engaging in the daily struggle to redistribute resources, educate oneself and one’s peers, and keep oneself and one’s loved ones safe from violent repression...
...Opening the book with the admission that the relationship between agency and belief is extremely complex and poorly understood, Smilde explores what it means to believe in the context of a Latin American evangelical congregation, and in the process attempts to counter the idea that Protestantism offers a form of metaphysical or cultural escapism for Latin Americans...
...JULY/AUGUST 2008 reviews mALA: reading Bolivia in the U.S...
...Castañeda takes us on a step-bystep narrative of the various strategies he used in his attempt to reach a comprehensive agreement that would include border enforcement in Mexico and justice for Mexicans in the United States, all the while facing both Mexican and U.S...
...ENVIrONmENTAL JUSTICE IN LATIN AmErICA: PrOBLEmS, PrOmISE, AND PrACTICE edited by David Carruthers, The MIT Press, 2008, 336 pp., $25 paperback the editor brought out this book in order to contribute to what he calls “an emerging effort to explore the promise and limits of environmental justiceinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean...
...In 2005 the FBI reclassified Shakur as a domestic terrorist, offering a bounty of $1 million for her capture and return to the United States...
...Press 1. The Associated Press: Harold Olmos, “Troops, Residents Fight for Control of Bolivia’s Busiest Airport,” October 19, 2007...
...Nonetheless, an all-white jury convicted Shakur, and she was ordered to serve consecutive life sentences...
...Los Angeles Times: Patrick McDonnell, “Che’s Legacy Looms Larger Than Ever,” October 8, 2007...
...Castañeda argues that the United States should take a serious look at its own self-interest in promoting the prosperity of the entire region, and devote significant resources (à la the European Union) to developing Mexico...
...nativism, together with a deepening economic crisis, could produce dangerous social conflicts on both sides of the border...
...They’re torturing and killing people in our name...
...Getting Personal, from page 3 unfortunately, enzinna’s article obscured this real debate, substituting a personal attackonCuéllarandsimplisticcriticismofthe idHuCa for a consideration of the issues...
...The most affected groups have been the Wayuu people, a group indigenous to the region, and Afro-Colombians living in the area...
...Tyler Bridges, “Morales Still Popular in a Divided Bolivia,” January 23, 2007...
...i also quoted Cuéllar at length explaining his position, and i men tioned his standing as an honored and courageous activist...
...But they did not stop migrating...
...Bringing together a broad variety of experts, this collection of 13 essays examines the ways in which activists, policy makers, and academics have opened up space for the cause...
...Castañeda’s aim “is to provide the reader with an accurate, readable, current, well-informed, and solidly grounded, though fundamentally single-sided [Mexican] basis for understanding one of the most crucial, controversial, and complex issues in the United Stated and Mexico today...
...Editorial, “Crackup in Bolivia...
...There is one issue, nonetheless, thatislargelymissingfromCastañeda’s discussion...
...Powell comes across as Mexico’s faithful if inefficient friend, and his boss, Bush, as another noble savage (perhaps more savage than noble) who, despite his good intentions, is hypocritical and rather unreliable...
...guest-worker program for up to 500,000 workers per year, combined with increased law enforcement and migration control on both sides of the border...
...immigration-control policies, by making the return trip so hazardous, that contributed most powerfully to increasing the United States’ Mexican-born population...
...Rather than trying to understand how the brutal repression and social injustice that defined the mid-century United States could have resulted in her actions, Baker substitutes Justin’s lame explanation: “That girl got revolution in her soul...
...Socioeconomic inequity, it becomes clear, is crucial for explaining environmental injustice, but just as culpable are inequities in access to the political process...
...Some Join Anti-Morales Strike,” August 30, 2007...
...Yet U.S...
...Of course, he is well aware of the difficulties of reachingsuchacommitment,buthis is a pragmatic and worthy suggestion...
...And Ex Mex does exactly that...
...limited legal frameworks receive little or no funding for their implementation...
...What Obama’s exceptional life story obscures is the fact that the path he took to success is closed off to most black people, particularly those raised by a single mother in modest circumstances...
...The Washington Post: Editorial, “Bolivia’s Rift,” May 6, 2008...
...But is it...
...state...
...editor’s note: a more robust description of Cuéllar’s bravery appeared in the original ver sion of the article and was abridged, at my request, for space reasons.] the only people i found in el sal vador who supported Cuéllar and the idHuCa’s position were the u.s...
...residents represented between 4.3% and 5.3% of Mexico’s population and about 1.7% of the U.S...
...no gunpowder residue was ever found on Shakur’s body...
...politics, as well as the unique relationship between the neighboring countries...
...He follows up this discussion by detailing his own plan for a new U.S.-Mexico relationship, a plan that seemed promising and innovative when he became foreign minister in 2000...
...The academic left, which used to love the güero bueno, now hates whatever the güero malo writes...
...Baker’s film is not very likely to get him shot or imprisoned, nor is it likely to result in a million-dollar bounty on his head...
...Basic black human rights proved antithetical to the U.S...
...Dan Keane, “Civil War Talk Stokes Bolivian Fears,” September 30, 2007...
...Instead, Baker’s performance emphasizes the difference between his actions and Shakur’s...
...Rather than touting the need to pick up the gun, Shakur repeatedly emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and analysis, the need to engage in dialogue with and persuade the masses rather than leading them like sheep...
...Rather than bringing us closer to Shakur, Baker merely substitutes one narrative about her (the demonized, dangerous, black woman) with another: the quintessential freedom fighter...
...One is reminded that black revolution in the 1960s and 1970s consisted of mundane actions: staffing free health clinics, feeding poor children breakfast, and working with white support groups to raise money to free imprisoned black radicals...
...state’s very conception of itself, democratic rhetoric notwithstanding...
...Anthropologist David Smilde asks why this is so in the barrios of Caracas, particularly with regard to the many men living there who are converting...
...audiences could easily dismiss its argument...
...Fred Baker’s Assata aka JoAnne Chesimard would seem to provide one occasion for such reflection...
...population...
...Monte Reel, “State Autonomy Vote May Reshape Bolivia,” May 4, 2008...
...Third World Left (Duke University Press, 2006...
...He demonstrates that the strong social networks found within evangelical groups are organized around very real issues for converts...
...Hacia un nuevo contrato social: opciones para la asamblea constituyente,” 2007, p. 54...
...Oscar Ordoñez and Patrick McDonnell, “Capital War Is Bolivia’s Latest Battle,” August 5, 2007...
...Simon Romero, “Bolivia’s Leader Says State’s Disputes Can Be Resolved,” December 20, 2007...
...Finally, the overwhelmingly culturalist, identity-centered concerns of U.S...
...they just stopped returning home as often, or at all...
...opposition to his guest-worker proposal...
...Its subject is both inspiring and controversial, a cautionary tale about the lengths to which the U.S...
...Soon, however, their research threatens to tear them apart as Justin, a longtime researcher of the Shakur case, underscores the dangers inherent in digging further, while Asha is drawn deeper and deeper into the project, so much so that she travels to Cuba with the hope of meeting the elusive exile...
...In this regard, the book is a source of important, if biased, testimony: Castañeda was at the core of these discussions at the outset of the presidential terms of both Bush and Fox...
...Reading Shakur’s memoir, Assata: An Autobiography, one is struck by the ways in which daily forms of oppression compelled Shakur to critique her environment and the social arrangements underpinning it...
...and more of them are arriving not only in California, Illinois, and the Southwest, but virtually everywhere in the United States...
...And so now more than ever, we might want to assess the civil rights agenda and the people who fought for it in a clear-eyed, analytical way, lest we lose sight of the fact that the agenda for which so many suffered and died remains largely unfulfilled...
...what’s more, such a de bate ought not to be circumscribed by narrow questions of achieving expeditious police reform, “however it is done...
...To develop his ethnographic analysis, Smilde spends time with members of two congregations, both of which offer moral, social, and in certain cases economic incentives to recruit new members...
...Indeed, Castañeda’s book provides plenty of proof that for mainstream U.S...
...Aside from the clichéd and problematic gender politics of this dichotomy, the poor acting and thin script threaten to obscure Baker’s larger point, which is that the state’s efforts to frame and incarcerate Shakur and other black radicals find their contemporary echoes in today’s War on Terror...
...The second half examines industrial development, land rights, and resource management, with a particular focus on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.-Mexico border...
...An Occasion for Reflection, Squandered By Cynthia young ASSATA AKA JOANNE ChESImArD (DVD, 2008), a film by Fred Baker, 93 minutes, www...
...Castañeda also describes some of the qualitative changes in Mexican migration: More women are migrating...
...In fact, Shakur didn’t start it...
...this would serve, in fact, to foreclose debate in the name of urgency and obfuscate the properly political question of how the united states achieves regional hegemony in latin america through a variety of practices...
...That would mean economic and social incentives for Mexicans to remain in Mexico, penalties for people who decide to leave, and increased Mexican law enforcement along its northern and southern borders...
...She is the author of Soul Power: Cultural Radicalism and the Making of a U.S...
...com with senator barack obama having become the United States’ first black presidential candidate from one of the two dominant parties, it is useful to look back at the 1960s, a decade when the nation’s racial divides seemed insurmountable...
...Evo Morales’ Attempt to Push Through a Constitutional Rewrite Threatens to Split the Country,” December 14, 2007...
...am bassador, the director and program manager of the ilea, and a pnC agent...
...Joy Olson Executive Director Washington Office on Latin America Viviana Krsticevic Executive Director Center for Justice and International Law William LeoGrande Professor of Government American University George Vickers Director of International Operations Open Society Institute Charles T. Call Assistant Professor American University mark Ungar Associate Professor Graduate Center City University of New York David holiday Program Officer, Latin America Program Open Society Institute Lars Schoultz Kenan Professor of Political Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Alex Wilde Research Associate, Centro de Ética Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Chile Carlos heredia Iniciativa Ciudadana Mexico City raúl Benitez manaut Researcher Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Gino Costa President Ciudad Nuestra, Peru Joseph Eldridge American University Wes Enzinna Replies, from page 3 by Cuéllar and alienated from the idHuCa...
...Tyler Bridges, “Interview: Morales: ‘Job Is to Take Care of the Poor,’ ” February 19, 2007...
...The analysis begins with the decline of circular Mexican migration in the early 1990s...
...Ex Mex addresses this irony, drawing from Jorge G. Castañeda’s experience as Mexico’s foreign minister during the first years of former Mexican president Vicente Fox’s administration...
...Simon Romero, “Bolivians Now Hear Ominous Tones in Call to Arms,” December 15, 2007...
...The sobering truth was that feeding children and distributing tuberculosis shots inspired violent repression from the U.S...
...While this narrative frame allows Baker to juxtapose newspaper accounts, archival footage, dramatic reenactments, contemporary interviews, and rallies and protests in support of Shakur, it is too weak and the acting too unconvincing to sustain much interest...
...Tyler Bridges, “In Bolivia, Controversy Rages Over Capital Site,” September 10, 2007...
...Meanwhile, conservative academic and public opinion may find Castañeda’s call for a mutual commitment and comprehensive reform too radical to swallow, and it could consider his call for a dialogue of equals irreverent...
...She went out and started it...
...He is the author of six books, including the forthcoming Historia y celebración...
...What made Shakur’s ordinary actions extraordinary was the brutal and concerted reaction they aroused in a society unable to cede its white supremacy...
...politicians, any attempt at dealing with Mexicans as equals in rights, intelligence, interests, and obligations is still a cultural (maybe even racial) taboo...
...He describes his attempts, even after 9/11, to work with the Bush administration on reaching a comprehensive migrationreform agreement that, he hoped, would include a U.S...
...During her subsequent trials, much of the evidence pointed to Shakur’s innocence...
Vol. 41 • July 2008 • No. 4
