Open Precedent
Alves, Hermano
The 81st article of the Constitutional draft sent by Marshall Castelo Branco to Congress states that only the President of the Republic "is able to permit foreign military forces to pass through...
...Note: On Jan...
...Article 81 also gives the President sole authority to "enter into treaties and international agreements ad referendum of the Congress...
...During the most recent Brazilian elections he was elected a delegate to the rational Congress from Guanabara...
...And the United States is in a critical phase, having to choose between the "national glory or the public well being, a great empire or a great society,' as Senator J. William Fulbright said (at Kansas State College, October 14, 1966...
...There is already known opposition in Chile, Argentina, Peru, and Colombia...
...His political liquidation, which coincided with the gradual adjustment of the government of General Juan Carlos Cngania along political lines recommended by North American financial authorities, and once again incarnated by the engineer Alvaro Alsogaray, is very significant...
...West Germany and Great Britain have helped the U.S...
...He is a member of the Oppcsition Brazilian Democratic Movement Party...
...Marshall Castelo Branco wants the Constitution to open the way for a group called the "InterAmerican Defense Force" and to remove beforehand any opposition from the next national Congress...
...The government went too far...
...government maintained a cautious position waiting to see the results of the Brazilian feelers...
...Now it appears there will not only be free movement of the Force on Brazilian territory but even the establishment of military encampments here...
...In such a situation it would be strange if the United States did not solicit a clear demonstration of support from the Latin American neighbors...
...At this time new negotiations of this type are in progress...
...Before, the Itamarati (Department of Foreign Relations) said the Force would be formed by elite contingents, stationed in their respective countries, which could be mobilized at the wink of an eye...
...During this process the role of the Castelo Branco Brazilian government was the saddest of all....Castelo Branco's repeated statements on the creation of an appropriate mechanism for collective security gave support to the initiatives of the Foreign Minister who recently visited several South American capitals...
...Cn the other hand, the Bolivian government of General Rene Barrientos is equivalent to an anti-revolutionary pro-U.S...
...Hermano Alves is a leading Brazilian journalist specializing in military and political issues...
...The 81st article of the Constitutional draft sent by Marshall Castelo Branco to Congress states that only the President of the Republic "is able to permit foreign military forces to pass through or temporarily remain on national territory...
...But in Argentina the removal of General Pascual Pistarini as Commander-In-Chief of the Army is considered an important step toward the creation of the Inter-American Army...
...At present, the North American authorities move with discretion and do not insist too much on this point...
...The other NATO nations have maintained a prudent silence...
...At a recent military conference held in Buenos Aires which was attended by representatives of all the armies of member countries of the OAS, General Pistarini voiced his opposition to such an idea...
...Some days ago, Ambassador Lincoln Gordon, Undersecretary of State for Latin American Affairs, denied that the United States asked for troops for Vietnam from Brazil or from any Latin American nation...
...And with the Brazilian government establishing a constitutional precedent in order to take care of the specific case of the Inter-American Defense Force, we do not reject any hypothesis of a greater commitment, regardless of how absurd such a hypothesis might seem to some and no matter how many denials it might provoke...
...Early this month in Paris Secretary of State Dean Rusk affirmed that it would be a pleasure to receive help--no matter from where or how--for the war in Vietnam...
...The actual participation of a country in the Vietnamese conflict could determine the status of that country in the scope of a continental military organization...
...in this case, but always emphasizing the non-military character of their aid...
...North American hopes that NATO nations might participate in the Vietnamese conflict seem defeated...
...But two days ago the Turkish government clearly stated that it will not entertain requests to send troops to Southeast Asia...
...restoration...
...There are plans to hold an inter-American conference of the chiefs-of-state...
...And he who speaks of foreign armies also speaks of bases--including the stationing of units equipped with nuclear warheads, rocket launching platforms, etc...
...21, 1967 the New York Times reported that the constitutional provision permitting foreign troops to remain in Brazil without Congressional approval was included in the new Brazilian Constitution...
...It is not easy to live independently next to a great nation, no matter which one it may be...
...But the worst thing the Castelo Branco government did in this business was to attempt to institutionalize the creation of the Inter-American force -5-through Article 81 of the new Constitution...
...During this time the U.S...
...At this conference the United States government may exert pressure on other participating governments to establish an inter-American force, similar to the NATO treaty, as has been proposed by U. S. Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara...
Vol. 1 • February 1967 • No. 1
