U.S. Army School for Scoundrels
Stein, Nancy
On his recent whirlwind visit to Panama in February, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and Panama's Foreign Minister Juan Tack signed an eight point agreement of principles providing for the...
...Squad and Platoon Tactics...
...Command and Management...
...Engineer Subjects...
...Special courses on the role of Military Police in counterinsurgency operations are attended by police officers under the auspices of the Agency for International Development...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...To develop their intellectual depth in the functions of command and related duties...
...First Aid...
...First Aid...
...Economic Development...
...Engineer Equipment Use...
...More than 40,000 students have graduated from the U.S...
...SCOPE: Leadership...
...These programs are important elements of the Nixon Doctrine, which seeks to reduce the U.S...
...16 weeks...
...4 weeks...
...Air Operations...
...But under the Nixon Administration, U.S...
...On February 7, the New York Times reported that SOUTHCOM was one of seven military headquarters slated to be shut down by 1975...
...Mountaineering and Water Operations...
...Company Tactics...
...ARMY SCHOOL OF THE AMERICAS The U.S...
...To qualify students as military parachutists...
...Must have at least six years of education and have attended a basic arms or intelligence course...
...Remaining will be 1,100 members of the Eighth Special Forces (Green Berets) stationed at Fort Gulick, who travel throughout Latin America providing intensive counterinsurgency training programs for troops from nations friendly to the United States...
...Army school to cater exclusively to Latin American personnel...
...PURPOSE: To prepare military police officers for duty assignments at the unit level...
...SCOPE: Military Leadership...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...Construction Management...
...Thus far, negotiations between the United States and Panama have not resolved the problem of U.S...
...PURPOSE: To prepare students to manage and supervise criminal investigation activities...
...34 students...
...TRAINS CHILE JUNTA The military in Chile, which took over control last September, had six graduates of the Army School of the Americas in higher ranks...
...Records, Forms, and Resource Management...
...ATTENDANCE AT USARSA* (Since founding in 1946 thru March 1973) Though the programs in the past were aimed mainly at instructing military personnel to fight internal battles, they have increasingly international implications...
...Air Force Operations...
...Civil Disturbances, Physical Security, and VIP Security...
...First Aid...
...Maintenance...
...Military Security...
...Country Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Total No...
...Signal Communications...
...military presence in the Zone...
...Tropical Survival Training...
...Employees/Informants...
...Army School of the Americas (USARSA) and the Inter-American Air Force Academy since they were founded in the 1940s...
...34 students...
...Personnel...
...Supply...
...Company Tactics...
...regular $3...
...60 students...
...It was originally created to defend the Canal Zone itself, but through the years its function has expanded to include the defense of U.S...
...military is beefing up national armies into special repressive forces that would be able to unite under a single command to combat liberation movements anywhere in the continent...
...Army doctrine and techniques in counterinsurgency and jungle operations...
...Since the formation of the Green Berets in 1962, they have operated in every Latin American country except Cuba, Haiti and Mexico...
...Staff Fundamentals...
...The following document is a selected course curriculum for the U.S...
...Army weapons and equipment used by Latin American countries...
...Tours and Orientations...
...None of the programs under the jurisdiction of SOUTHCOM will be affected...
...To train the students as intelligence instructors...
...VIP Security...
...5 weeks...
...Intelligence...
...COURSE: 0-6, Counterinsurgency Operations...
...Maintenance...
...COURSE: 0-9, Military Police Officer...
...Quartermaster Functions...
...Armored Cavalry Operations...
...Military Intelligence...
...Classroom exercises in urban warfare courses range from the selection of labor union informers to methods of protecting leaders from assassination attempts, to the recovery and deactivation of explosive devices...
...Chemical and Radiological Defense...
...Because of the sensitive nature of SOUTHCOM's activities, no other Latin American country would allow the Pentagon to set up operations within its borders...
...The courses are taught for the most part by U.S...
...Brigade Tactics...
...Psychological Operations...
...40 students...
...To introduce students to U.S...
...Mountaineering...
...However, in an interview, a Pentagon spokesman said that the only actual change being contemplated is the partial withdrawal of Army units from the Command...
...Leadership...
...SCOPE: General Intelligence Subjects...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...Psychological Operations...
...To provide training in small unit tactics and support services...
...COURSE: 0-27, Combat Arms Officer Basic...
...bases remain in the Canal Zone or not, the work of training, arming and indoctrinating Latin American military personnel will continue...
...Map Reading...
...Operations...
...Chile Newsletter Provides eyewitness accounts of the economic and political situation inside Chile...
...First Aid...
...4 weeks...
...Airmobile Operations...
...The U.S...
...Map Reading...
...40 students...
...Interrogations...
...PURPOSE: To train students to perform duties as members of units operating in a jungle environment...
...Joint and Combined Operations...
...PURPOSE: To train company grade officers as commanders of units assigned in internal defense and development, guerrilla warfare, psychological operations, civic action, intelligence, and airborne and jungle techniques as applied to counterinsurgency operations...
...PURPOSE: To provide students with an internal security operations orientation...
...military activity in the Canal Zone has been greatly stepped up...
...to provide professional military education comparable to that of the U.S...
...PURPOSE: To prepare cadets for commissios s as infantry officers and for service in other branches upon completion of additional branch training...
...Model Resource Management System...
...Chapter 10 provides extensive background on the Latin American military...
...Police Activities...
...30 students...
...Subscriptions: sustaining $10...
...Division Operations...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Basic and Macro-economics...
...The high priority given to training activities was highlighted by Defense Secretary Robert McNamara more than a decade ago...
...Intelligence...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...Armor, Artillery and Engineer Operations...
...First Aid...
...is forced to rely on the military as the only solution left to contain resistance...
...PURPOSE: To prepare students to serve as military intelligence interrogators and to develop basic related skills in Order of Battle and counterintelligence...
...Border Patrol Academy in Texas has come under attack for its contribution to right-wing terrorism...
...Methods of Instruction...
...To introduce the students to the latest U.S...
...10 weeks...
...11 weeks...
...PREREQUISITES: Company grade officers assigned or expecting assignments to intelligence agencies within their countries...
...12 weeks...
...USARSO Tour...
...Community Development Planning...
...Tactical Doctrine...
...COURSE: 0-20, Communications Officer...
...Effective Writing and Speaking...
...Army doctrine and tactics for small unit operations and to provide a general knowledge of U.S...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Air Operations...
...Personnel...
...Probably the greatest return on our military assistance investment comes from the training of selected officers and key specialists at our military schools and training centers in the United States and overseas...
...PURPOSE: To train students as small unit leaders assigned counterinsurgency missions...
...To develop an awareness of the differences between rural and urban insurgency...
...Newsweek 9/24/73)25 local commanders screen applicants from the various countries...
...Engineer...
...Traffic Control...
...Effective Writing and Speaking...
...Graduates are qualified to instruct at Command and Staff Colleges...
...Maintenance of Engineer Equipment...
...40 students...
...Battalion Tactics...
...Communism...
...and international solidarity committees...
...SCOPE: Theory, Tactics, and Equipment for Counterinsurgency in Urban Areas...
...Order of Battle...
...Even though this agreement indicates that some progress has been made in the long-stalemated negotiations over the Canal, it is significant that Kissinger carefully skirted the issue of continued U.S...
...These students are hand-picked by their countries to become instructors when they return home...
...In fulfilling this mission, Green Berets trained the Bolivian Rangers who tracked down and killed Che Guevara and other members of the National Liberation Army in 1967...
...Jungle Welfare Operations...
...The new treaty will contain a fixed termination date for U.S...
...VIP and Physical Security...
...Civic Action...
...Field Engineering...
...military assistance programs, and maintains a communications and logistics network for U.S...
...Patrolling...
...To qualify students as military parachutists...
...Almost the entire U.S...
...Basic Airborne Training...
...PREREQUISITES: Students must be enlisted men in grade of corporal or higher...
...In a period of intense nationalist feelings, no government could so visibly compromise its integrity...
...Squad and Platoon Tactics...
...COURSE: C-4, Counterinsurgency Operation for Cadets...
...Artillery Operations...
...Order of Battle...
...CADET COURSES COURSE: C-1, Basic Officer Qualification...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...Anti-tank Weapons...
...40 students...
...42 weeks...
...Order of Battle...
...Representatives of U.S...
...Map Reading...
...Anti-Tank Weapons...
...First Aid...
...3 weeks...
...COURSE: 0-7, Urban Counterinsurgency...
...First Aid...
...SCOPE: Fundamental Subjects...
...Engineer Operations...
...and Latin American officers for future duty as commanders and general staff officers in their armed forces, the joint and combined aspects thereof, and internal defense and national development...
...40 weeks...
...In addition, routine courses in communications, equipment maintenance and repairs were not included...
...Effective Writing and Speaking...
...To teach the skills and provide the knowledge necessary for students to return to their units and conduct training in jungle operations...
...Civil Disturbances...
...PURPOSE: To prepare students for duty as commanders and unit staff officers at battalion and brigade levels...
...Last January, USARSA celebrated the graduation of its 30,000th student...
...Signal Communications...
...5 weeks...
...Interrogations...
...Army doctrine and techniques in the field of small unit tactics and support services, and to provide a general knowledge of weapons and equipment used by the U.S...
...Omar Torrijos, president of Panama's nationalist military government has repeatedly called for the removal of U.S...
...34 students...
...Civic Action...
...34 students...
...Staff Fundamentals...
...Communist Threat...
...Mountaineering...
...Military Intelligence Orientation...
...Guest Speakers...
...military activities in the Canal Zone, but whether the U.S...
...Single Sideband Radio Sets and Equipment...
...Rope Bridges...
...Company Tactics...
...Patrolling...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Jungle Operations...
...Civic Action...
...The Communist Threat...
...They were the director of intelligence and the commanding officers of the Second Infantry Division and the Support Division at Santiago, the Third Infantry Division at Concepcion, the Engineer School at Tejas Verdes and the Paratroop and Special Forces School near Santiago...
...Often the same course is offered to officers, cadets and enlisted personnel, but we avoided repeating them in this listing...
...As of October 1973 more than 170 graduates of USARSA were heads of governments, cabinet ministers, commanding generals or directors of intelligence in their countries...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Amphibious Operations...
...Military Security...
...management and employment of engineer resources...
...PREREQUISITES: Students must be officers, warrant officers, senior noncommissioned officers, or civilian equivalents whose assignments are or will be as supervisors or managers of criminal investigation activities, police staff advisors, or instructors...
...COURSE: E-16, Military Intelligence Noncommissioned Officer...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...U.S...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Training is a crucial element-in forging close relations with the militaries of other nations...
...Already one of the leaders of Chile's junta, General Gustavo Leigh, is urging the military governments in Latin America to form a league for self-help and consultation, to respond to these movements...
...PURPOSE: To provide junior officers with a knowledge of basic field engineering, equipment utilization, and maintenance...
...They carry out their activities in support of the objectives of the United States within the framework of the Cold War...
...Quotations in this article taken from War Without End, by Michael T. Klare (Vintage Books, New York, 1972...
...9 weeks...
...Maintenance...
...60 students...
...COURSE: 0-4, Internal Development/Civic Action...
...Military Intelligence...
...Army doctrine and ideology...
...Physical Conditioning...
...PURPOSE: To provide students with an understanding of the roles of local, regional, and national agencies in preventing or combating urban disturbances...
...Signal Communications...
...Methods of Instruction...
...PREREQUISITES: Officers in grades from Major to Colonel or equivalent representatives of police and other government agencies with responsibilities in maintaining civil order and public safety...
...jurisdiction over the Canal, and will provide for Panama's participation in the administration, protection and defense of the waterway until the Canal reverts to Panama...
...Army School of the Americas...
...SCOPE: General Military Subjects and Management...
...Combat Intelligence Specialties...
...A similar program of instruction offered to foreign police at the U.S...
...PURPOSE: To present students with an orientation on U.S...
...Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), which coordinates all U.S...
...PURPOSE: To prepare officers to fulfill the responsibilities of combat intelligence and counterintelligence assignments...
...Orientation Tour in United States...
...PURPOSE: To prepare senior U.S...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...Psychological Operations...
...Participants should come prepared to: (a) present a 30-minute conference on problem areas and solutions used to prevent or combat urban insurgency or civil disturbances in their home countries, and (b) discuss new or unique equipment used in their countries to control urban insurgency...
...Engineer...
...SCOPE: General Communications...
...Military Police Activities...
...Must be at least 21 years of age with 10 years of civilian education and 2 years experience in police duties...
...Artillery Operations...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...PURPOSE: To train officers in military communication skills which will prepare them to advise their commanders in the tactical organization, planning, and employment of signal radio, wire, messenger, and audio visual equipment from27 platoon to brigade level...
...Interrogation...
...It is also the headquarters of the U.S...
...PURPOSE: To provide students with a general knowledge of the fundamentals of management encompassing the principles and fundamentals of organization and management and development economics...
...SCOPE: General Criminal Investigation Detachment Subjects...
...Map Reading...
...Map Reading...
...SCOPE: Fundamentals of Staff Operations...
...SCOPE: Map Reading...
...PANAMA 22-1300 USARSA CATALOG OFFICER/WARRANT OFFICER COURSES COURSE: 0-1, Combat Arms Command and Unit Staff Officer...
...military installations as part of any agreement with the United States insisting that "the Americans have to pull out with their colonial tent...
...First Aid...
...Published monthly by: NICH "d Non-Intervention in Chile Box 800 Berkeley, Ca...
...Logistics and Maintenance Management...
...military relations with Latin America...
...PREREQUISITES: Enlisted personnel with at least an elementary school education and the ability to express himself verbally and in writing...
...COURSE: 0-11, Military Intelligence Officer...
...Small Arms and Grenades...
...Student Presentations and Guest Speakers...
...30 students...
...Combat Counterintelligence...
...Military Intelligence...
...24 weeks...
...First Aid...
...19 weeks...
...Management...
...Mountaineering and Water Operations...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...PURPOSE: To train cadets as small unit leaders assigned counterinsurgency missions...
...On his recent whirlwind visit to Panama in February, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and Panama's Foreign Minister Juan Tack signed an eight point agreement of principles providing for the eventual restoration of Panama's territorial sovereignty over the Canal and the 550-square mile zone surrounding it...
...Utilization of Investigative Aids...
...Members of Chile's military junta and the Chilean director of intelligence are all graduates of the school (See box...
...Irregular Warfare Operations...
...Criminal Investigation...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...Weapons Familiarization...
...Employees...
...policy towards the junta, and the fate of political prisoners and refugees...
...Airmobile Operations...
...Despite requests by Panama's government to remove SOUTHCOM from the Canal Zone, Gov...
...Map Reading...
...ENLISTED COURSES COURSE: E-11, Military Police NCO...
...Small Arms and Grenades...
...First Aid...
...Supervision of Criminal Investigation...
...60 students...
...Mortars...
...Map Reading...
...34 students...
...interests in all of Latin America...
...In fiscal 1971, $10 million or 62 percent of the Pentagon's grant aid program was devoted to this purpose...
...To train them for specialized assignments as Provost Marshal advisors and Criminal Investigation instructors...
...Army...
...Engineer Operations...
...Machine Guns...
...Police Activities...
...To familiarize officers with management procedures in logistical, personnel, military training, and preventive maintenance programs...
...military groups, military attaches and U.S...
...According to the documents there is a heavy emphasis on intelligence operations, interrogation techniques, civic action, jungle warfare, and the inculcation of U.S...
...It is beyond price to us to make such friends of such men...
...Larger Unit Operations...
...Maintenance...
...Combat Intelligence...
...Guest Speakers...
...Machine Guns...
...military programs in the Canal Zone assume an even greater importance now that the liberal Alliance for Progress programs have been abandoned, and the U.S...
...Students 565 2,679 340 1,261 2,105 1,193 291 804 2,378 775 1,366 50 1,726 240 4,119 2,472 844 1,907 647 2,846 29,328 * U.S...
...U.S...
...COURSE: C-6, Internal Security Operations...
...I need not dwell upon the value of having in positions of leadership men who have first hand knowledge of how Americans do things and how they think...
...PURPOSE: To familiarize students with social, political and economic aspects of a military civic action and internal development program, and to discuss current Latin American civic action programs, accomplishments, and problem areas in a Civic Action Seminar...
...Civic Action...
...Criminal Investigation...
...Also includes information on activities of the U.S...
...34 students...
...Traffic Control...
...The Communist Threat...
...40 students...
...Military Civic Action Planning...
...This was partly due to the costs of operating the program: $136.5 million last year alone...
...Basic Demolitions...
...10 weeks...
...COURSE: 0-3, Command and General Staff...
...Preparations for (a) and (b) should include appropriate training aids...
...Physical Conditioning...
...The Pentagon would also prefer not to bring these programs home to the U.S., since "There is no adequate' substitute for a command, being on the spot, working daily on U.S...
...Seminars...
...150 students...
...counterinsurgency force for Latin America, including more than 12,000 Army, Air Force and Navy personnel, military training centers and a jungle warfare school, is located in the Zone...
...SCOPE: General Intelligence Subjects...
...The Canal Zone is also the training ground for thousands of Latin American military personnel...
...Artillery Operations...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...To teach application of communications skills in community development programs...
...Tools and Rigging...
...First Aid...
...Many of these graduates have risen to top positions in their governments...
...SCOPE: Social, Economic, and Political Development...
...6 weeks...
...Electives...
...Leadership...
...Documents recently made available to NACLA describe the course curriculum offered to the students...
...Maintenance...
...First Aid...
...Psychological Operations and Public Relations Planning...
...to develop their intellectual depth and analytical ability...
...150 students...
...Fixed Bridges...
...SCOPE: Maintenance...
...Counterintelligence Investigations...
...NYT 10/23/73) In addition, the four leaders of the junta received some training in the United States and the Canal Zone...
...In response to the growing wave of guerrilla activity in the cities, new courses have been developed on urban guerrilla warfare and sophisticated "criminal investigation techniques...
...COURSE: 0-23, Engineer Officer Basic...
...low income $2...
...It is the most important training ground for counterinsurgency operations in Latin America, and is the only U.S...
...forces throughout Latin America...
...The emphasis of these programs is on "low-cost, low-visibility assistance and training programs designed to upgrade the capacity of local forces to overcome guerrilla movements...
...Physical Security...
...SCOPE: General Military Subjects...
...10 weeks...
...Southern Command figures...
...Patrolling...
...SCOPE: Jungle Operations...
...PURPOSE: To train students in military police skills and to prepare them to organize, instruct, and supervise military police personnel in support of military operations...
...Jungle Operations...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Communications...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Communications...
...40 students...
...military presence abroad while strengthening armies in the Third World...
...COURSE: 0E-13, Criminal Investigation Supervisor...
...Application of Military Management...
...Basic Airborne Training...
...Patrolling...
...reports on Chilean resistance, U.S...
...Methods of Instruction...
...Signal Communications...
...Fundamentals of Electronics...
...Army School of the Americas, located at Fort Gulick in the Canal Zone, was established to "conduct training for designated Latin American personnel which will increase their capability to contribute to the maintenance of internal security and the development of their countries...
...Weapons Training...
...COURSE: 0-14, Command Management...
...Police Activities...
...Supply...
...COURSE: OE-8, Jungle Operations...
...COURSE: E-15, Military Intelligence Interrogator...
...Principles of Organization...
...Nelson Rockefeller continued to stress the value of these programs after his 1969 tour of Latin America: "In view of the growing subversion against hemisphere governments...
...it is essential that the training program which brings military and police personnel from the other hemisphere nations to the United States and to training centers in Panama be continued and strengthened...
...Mountaineering...
...18 weeks...
...There is even a model Vietnamese village in the Canal Zone which has served as a realistic training site for Indochinabound Green Berets and continues to be used today for refresher training purposes...
...citizens of Mexican, Puerto Rican or Cuban descent, and top graduates in each class are invited back as guest lecturers...
...Tactical Communications...
...Military Police Activities...
...The Latin American police and military are notorious for their involvement in para-military death squads, where much of their training is used to carry out violent attacks on government opponents...
...PURPOSE: To prepare students to serve in a supervisory capacity in combat intelligence or counterintelligence assignments...
...Counterinsurgency Operations...
...COURSE: 0-37, Officer Command/Branch Orientation...
...9470126 UNITED STATES SOUTHERN COMMAND QUARRY HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE TELEPHONES 824255 or 82-4278 C.Z...
...military and intelligence activities, supervises all U.S...
...According to ex-Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, the Military Assistance Program, which includes military training, is the "essential ingredient" of the Nixon strategy...
...Disaster Relief Planning...
...Internal Defense-Military Assistance...
...Seminar...
...Mortars...
...According to this agreement, a new treaty will be negotiated that supercedes the one signed in 1903, which gave the United States control of the Canal "in perpetuity...
...Signal Communications...
...Mountaineering and Water Operations...
...Strategy and Strategic Subjects...
...They are the coming leaders, the men who will have the know-how and impart it to their forces...
...Combat Counterintelligence...
...SCOPE: Management Fundamentals...
...34 students...
...Radio Equipment...
...16 weeks...
...Radio Operations...
...G-2 Field Trip...
...General Intelligence Subjects...
...5 weeks...
...Army Command and General Staff College...
...The Communist Threat...
...Operations and Training Management...
...Wire Communications...
...Methods of Instruction...
Vol. 8 • March 1974 • No. 3
