Women in Revolutionary Cuba
Salado, Minerva
A few days before he was killed, Frank Pais named Vilma Espin coordinator of the underground 26th of July movement in the province of Oriente, a post which she occupied until she joined...
...It is anticipated that the program will include promenades before the live audience and international judges by the contestants in national costumes, swimsuits and evening dress with live entertainment interspersed throughout...
...I ACCUSE it of handing our natural resources over to imperialism, to foreign capital whose exaggerated intervention in my country has forced the denationalization of our economy, since the government gives foreign capitalists such good terms that they are able to work with our internal resources by bringing a minimum of capital into the country...
...Moreover, in our great Latin American homeland there is a deep-seated historic tradition of women's struggles...
...the attention it deserves...
...The final competition for Miss Latin America for this year is scheduled to be held in Colombia in late October, most probably in Cartagena - a birthplace of Latin independence and a sparkling resort on the Caribbean coast, a truly magnificent setting for the coronation of the first Pageant queen...
...The selection of Miss Latin America on the last night of the final competition will be telecast in prime time as a ninety-minute program live by satellite to all nations sending representatives to the Pageant who will be capable of receiving the transmission...
...VE: In all new societies vestiges of previous practices subsist for a long time, It is very difficult to change man's mentality, that's why we still have some vestiges of discrimination and prejudice towards the woman...
...We revolutionaries who are ready to fight always run the risk of dying...
...of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa...
...However, in recent years, during which the revolutionary movement has gained ground throughout the world, the liberation of women is one of the questions that is being discussed by sociologists, psychologists, politicians, economists, that is all those who in one way or another have something to do with the development of society, We should also say that it is a problem which first and foremost, interests woman herself...
...For the reader unfamiliar with official statistics, for example, it offers a wealth of information...
...Societies which in some cases are very economically and culturally developed but where truly backward laws exist discriminating against women, PL: What role does feminism play in the struggle for the liberation of women...
...Adamaris de Oliveira Lucena...
...Let's not forget that women make up half of the electorate, The problem of the liberation of women is a class problem and we can't speak of women's liberation as long as the oppressed classes do not free themselves from the exploitation of the oppressing classes...
...My younger children, as small as they are, are preparing for the struggle...
...We don't deny that sometimes through this way some women join the struggle, in the measure that they grow in consciousness, acquiring a political development...
...Ariston took up his father's gun, not out of vengeance but out of political conviction...
...It would be like a betrayal of my son's courageous position...
...In the bourgeois liberal context within which it was compiled, the work presents an enormous amount of information in terms of hard data, hypotheses and suggestions...
...This book represents one of the cleverest attempts to assassinate the Cuban Revolution...
...What is the iMC's position on feminist trends...
...Furthermore, if Cuba's example is not important nor forceful, why did Chilean television prominently feature Castro's support of Allende before the election with the approval of the Popular Unity forces...
...I ask journalists, progressive intellectuals, revolutionary priests, students, workers and peasants that they de- nounce -- by all means open to them -- the role of imperialism's spearhead being played today by Brazil...
...As a worker he suffered exploitation in his own body...
...There can be no liberation for a social group constituting half of humankind, as long as exploitation of man by man continues, as long as the means of production are owned by an exploiting minority...
...A lot of good young blood will be spilled for our independence, but this long uncompromising struggle will lead us to our emancipation, through the people taking power...
...With Frank she took part in the action of November 30, 1956, to support the landing of the Granma which belatedly arrived on December 2. Later she definitively joined the Second Eastern Front, where she was a combatant and a delegate of the National Leadership of the 26th of July until the end of the war, on January 1, 1959...
...domination in Latin America is beginning to decline...
...Women in work have no limitations at all, except for the problems we mentioned before regarding child care centers, services, etc., which still are not enough to cover the growing demand...
...Weighted language is used throughout this work to create general impressions...
...I ACCUSE it of keeping dozens of honest journalists in prison...
...There is not only the social responsibility of sharing in the education of the children, but also the responsibility of facing all types of practical problems involved in incorporating women into social work...
...Then all pre-established schemes were broken, the woman had to go out of the home and take a place in production...
...Perhaps the most deep-rooted are the ones referring to the fact of women working...
...On her way back to Cuba she stopped in Mexico where she met Fidel Castro...
...VE: One of the social themes which has been debated throughout history is without doubt that of the woman and her role in society...
...In this sense, the FMC is making a gigantic effort, creating special adult courses, directing specific plans for the training of organizational cadres, opening technical courses according to the needs of production, studying material on social research and attention, etc...
...Carmelo Mesa-Lago, ed., Univ...
...That's why the dictatorship doesn't want to enlarge the educational system, in order to prevent the children of the people from getting a real education...
...Our Communist Party and the FMC and all the mass and political organizations have waged and are waging a systematic campaign, because evidently the elimination of even the most minimum discrimination requires a process of political and cultural education...
...Even in socialist countries with developed economies, where the woman already occupies an important place, there are still pro'lems in the material and ideological aspects, which are being analyzed by society in general, 2 while serious efforts are being made to find the proper solutions...
...Our people, our women, are following the development of these struggles and have expressed their full solidarity with them...
...But what about Fidel's recent official visits to Ecuador, Peru and Chile...
...I only know that I must fight against North American imperialism which keeps the Brazilian dictatorship going economically and and ideologically...
...That is why thousands and thousands of Brazil's best young people are ready to die in the efforts to see our country freed from oppression, exploitation and imperialist intervention...
...In some places the essays present only one side of a question...
...PL: Do you think that giving women jobs alone will allow women to occupy their rightful place as active and thinking social beings...
...later that organization, along with others, merged into the 26th of July movement...
...A Brazilian mother who will continue the struggle to VICTORY...
...Other represented countries will receive the final program by tape or film as rapidly as possible...
...One of these young men is my son: Ariston...
...The Comites de Defensa de la Revolucion (CDRs) are mentioned in several instances but their struc- ture, membership and function are never clearly explained...
...And if we have to give our own blood for our independence and freedom, we are ready with optimism and faith in our people's future...
...In fact, the book attempts to sustain the theory that Cuba is "exporting revolution...
...My revolutionary position is built on a long class struggle in which my class has always been beneath the boot of the ruling-class bourgeoisie...
...The crucial fact, however, is that the results are strikingly different from superficially similar relationships between capitalist super powers and underdeveloped nations...
...I mention this in order to answer your question on the role of feminism...
...I am from the North East, from that dry and arrid land where 60 percent of the people are unemployed or subemployed...
...1971...
...I was imprisoned in Brazil in 1970 after a shoot-out at my home between several of the dictator's police and my husband, who died heroically...
...After she graduated as an industrial chemical engineer in 1954, Vilma took a post-graduate course at the Massachusects Institute of Technology in Boston, until 1956...
...It is intended for Miss Latin America to travel throughout Latin America and perhaps to other areas of the world as an ambassadress of goodwill and representative of the countries participating in the Pageant...
...I only know that my duty is to struggle against that which I feel is arbitrary, unjust and discriminatory in my country...
...Women must play their rightful role in the world...
...They do so in better conditions since in general their educational and technical level has been raised and they are protected by a more just labor legislation...
...We are also waging an intense ideological battle aimed both at women and at the rest of society to eliminate all vestiges of backwardness, the prejudices about women and the role they must play in society...
...Domingo, is ACCUSE...
...The changing status of women is not given Much is also made of Cuba's supposed fail- ure to "export revolution...
...I ask my people, and the peoples of Latin America, that they be alert and united against the Brazilian dictatorship and against imperialism...
...It also gives these movements aid and support in their struggle for national liberation...
...The North American imperialists know that their direct intervention in Latin America is now and will be in the future almost impossible...
...I am a humble woman, daughter of the people, daughter of exploitation and misery, the exploitation and misery in which the immense majority of my people live...
...Even so, woman, without being part of a work center, fulfills her social duty through voluntary work in agriculture, industry or services...
...What are their roots...
...The revolutionary movement is gaining ground...
...The struggle for the liberation of our sister peoples of Latin America is growing and in it we are feeling more and more the participation of women...
...A woman cannot have any political, economic or social rights in a capitalist society where she suffers from class oppression and discrimination because of sex and race...
...anonymous statement L 27 Letter From A LETTER FROM ADAMARIS DE OLIVEIRA LUCENA TO ALBERTO DOMINGO OF THE MEXICAN MAGAZINE SIEMPRE Dear Sir: Last November 28th, the Brazilian government, a dictatorship since April of 1964, condemned three young revolutionaries to death: Ariston de Oliveira Lucena, Diogenes Sabrosa de Souza -- both members of Vanguardia Popular Revolucionaria -- and Gilberto Faria Lima...
...But, Mr...
...I am happy...
...Similarly, there is no mention of the fact that scarce consumer items (radios, re- frigerators, bicycles, for example) are now apportioned by workers in a work place or local bodies in a democratic manner based upon need...
...that if I continued to refuse to speak, they would spoil me and I would never be able to be a mother...
...I ACCUSE it of torturing, imprisoning and killing hundreds of young people who daily sacrifice their youth for a life of struggle preparing the road which will lead to our people's liberation...
...I don't speak as an intellectual...
...I say what I learned in the process of the struggle, in the practice itself, as a revolutionary...
...In our country where since the triumph of the Revolution, a tenacious struggle is being waged to overcome underdevelopment, we are creating institutions, services, all the conditions to free women from domestic problems, although we still don't have all the resources we need to do this...
...The very fact that our organization was created with the aim of incorporating women into the revolutionary process, educating her culturally and politically, implies a struggle to eliminate these vestiges of the previous society...
...As such it forms a valuable contribution to capitalist writing about Cul,a...
...I ACCUSE it, already, of facing the upsurge of people's revolution and progressive government's nationalism as a servant of imperialism's plans...
...VE: Latin America is now the scene of great transTormations...
...The FMC's work plan for 1972 is ambitious but realistic, since it was first debated at the local level and later passed by our ninth National Plenary...
...Yet from reading this volume we learn that traditional values are changing but not enough about the very large and active Cuban Women's Federation...
...Back in Oriente province, she worked with the 26th of July movement and became one cf its most important leaders after Frank...
...Future final competitions will be rotated among four or five Latin countries on a regular schedule to give the Pageant maximum exposure and interest...
...In my opinion, the liberation of women cannot be separated from the liberation of society in general...
...I ACCUSE it, from my Latin American woman's heart, of having contributed morally and materially to the overthrow of the Bolivian nationalist govern- ment, in order to put a fascist dictatorship in its place...
...Minerva Salado Norma Morello, one of the women tortured by the repressive Argentinian government...
...s Not everyone understands the necessity for woman to work, to meet her social duties and raise her cultural and political level...
...A few methodological questions also arise...
...Rather Cuba provides an example for other revolutionary movements which have grown out of the concrete conditions of their own countries...
...What are the FMC's objectives in the future...
...This is something that the young people, especially the students, work on in common, Since we don't have all the resources we need to alleviate domestic tasks, the fact that the couple share them helps out...
...This experience makes her one of the most authoritative experts on the thinking, objectives and present situation of the Cuban woman, in all aspects...
...We all left prison half dead...
...Another important achievement has been in education, in educating adult women at the triumph of the Revolution and the possibilities the woman has today to study any career she wants...
...A truly important achievement of the FMC is the incorporation of women into work...
...I cried but I was very happy: I had held out...
...Diabetic children learning to inject tnemselves...
...Alone and tied down, alone and naked...
...VE: I mentioned the liberation of women as being a problem not only of women but of all society...
...That is why a war industry is being developed...
...Our struggle has just begun, many of our comrades, many of our sons and daughters, will fall assassinated or in combat...
...We have also taken other measures to incorporate women and to create the best conditions for them to change their status from housewife to full-fledged workers...
...I ACCUSE the dictatorship of keeping hundreds of teachers and doctors in prison, while in the countryside and in the cities there aren't enough hospitals or classrooms...
...Vilma Espin became a member of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party when it was founded in October 1965...
...We also worked hard to help out the primary and secondary schools...
...Virtually every promotional technique on and off the air will be utilized to achieve maximum excitement, with each station cooperating fully...
...Manuela Saenz, the companion of Bolivar...
...What of Cuba's recent success in raising the question of Puerto Rico's colonial status before the UN Committee of 24...
...In that year Vilma began to organize a group 22 of women from different sectors and laid down the bases of the Cuban Women's Federation (FMC), an organization which she has been directing since August 23, 1959, its founding date...
...The sharing of important social responsibilities such as the duty of working and of educating children, evidently tightens the bonds uniting the couple and gives a genuine and deep meaning to conjugal love...
...In 1964 she was elected Vice President of the World Federation of Democratic Women...
...I don't want solidarity for me or for my son facing the death penalty...
...If my son is shot, he won't be the first martyr of our revolution...
...I am of peasant origin...
...of this word 'revolution' which one measures by little things and whose objective is the creation of the new human being, and you feel your struggle with greater force, They laid me down on something made of wood, pulling off my clothes piece by piece, tied my legs open, and arms down, covered my mouth and then they began...
...I ACCUSE the dictatorship of closing public schools under the pretext of lack of funds with which to keep them up, while it finances private schools where the children of the ruling class are educated...
...Moreover, the qualitative change has been extraordinary...
...Remedios Escalada de San Martin...
...Women's struggle is intimately linked to the struggle of their peoples...
...To inadequately discuss this mass institution which grouped 3.2 million persons in 1970 is a serious omission...
...All this is directed towards a logistic placement of Brazil's sub-imperialist aggressive army...
...The other two are my comrades, as loved and respected by me as my own son...
...However, for those interested in an analysis of the Revolution from a socialist perspective, it will prove disappointing...
...That is why we are fighting...
...PL: What, in your opinion, have been some of the d-iscriminatory practices against women that the Revolution has eliminated today...
...But we know that if the dictatorship assassinates, imprisons and shoots our comrades, it is in an effort to demoralize us, to try to close off our path, kill our optimism and our faith in the revolution...
...In a like manner, several authors underscore the role of the military and its 31 supposedly increasing size and power...
...24 PL: In 11 years of work, what have been the fundamental achievements of the FMC in the social order...
...The first thousand attendants for the nursery schools were trained in that year, as well as 17,000 peasant girls who learned to sew and received a general primary education...
...All I can do, Mr...
...Thirteen years have gone by since she started working in the woman's sector...
...Of course, the feminist movement as such was progressive in its time, at the start of this century, because it helped to create consciousness in the woman, to take her out of the narrow confines of the home...
...In all, sixteen different authors discuss central themes including: economic and social planning, labor, international relations, education, the church and the arts...
...Ideas which, on the other hand, served the interests of the exploiting classes, which used the woman as a cheap labor reserve whenever necessary...
...He is 19 years old...
...the love and tenderness that mean what we do everyday and I felt stronger against these beasts...
...My husband earned a miserable salary...
...My husband fought consciously against the dictatorship...
...He neglects to speculate on how much this is due to more accurate reporting especially in rural areas which health care has now reached for the first time...
...Further, there is no attempt to examine the role of the military as a revolutionary institution...
...The argument that labor unions do not fulfill the traditional function of labor unions under capitalism becomes in this case a nonargument...
...I ACCUSE it of maintaining a repressive army that consumes three times more of our national budget than that which is assigned to education...
...In any case I wouldn't ask for justice from those who neither know what it means nor practice it...
...Pigs...
...My revolutionary practice is a product of my hate, because I believe that in my country there have been and are people capable of directing our internal affairs more righteously and more justly, and that the intrusion of an aggressive power at every level of Brazilian life is inacceptable...
...I raised him with a great deal of difficulty, working as a maid, ironing and washing clothes all day long so he wouldn't meet his brother's fate...
...Of course, the woman is attracted to them in societies that grow increasingly corrupt, where the use of drugs and juvenile delinquency constitute veritable terror for mothers, where the woman is discriminated against as a worker, receiving a lower salary than men, with few possibilities of highlyqualified jobs or posts...
...Domingo, we have a 60 percent illiteracy rate...
...Mesa-Lago's conclusion that "the negative effects of the revolutionary economic process far outweigh the positive" (p...
...Hobart Spalding (continued from p. 8) But in this moment of confrontation -- when Brazilian fascism assumes an attitude in line with its ideology not only internally but when it throws out its tentacles at the service of imperialism against our Latin American brothers and sisters -- I want to alert world revolutionaries and especially those in Latin America...
...They laughed, said gross things and told me not to be a fool...
...The individual essays range from some openly sympathetic to the goals of the Revolution to others openly opposed...
...I thought of the life of so many brothers committed to liberation...
...Vilma Espin, born in Santiago de Cuba, belonged to a revolutionary organization founded and directed in that city by Frank...
...We were insulted, beaten and tortured...
...This is never placed in the context of the constant threat of United States intervention or of the CIA-State Department's support for counter-rev- olutionary elements...
...Bourgeois criteria are simply not a measure when examining the process of a nation's transition to social- ism...
...That is why thousands of young people suffer torture today, the most barbarous tortures you can imagine...
...because of myself and because of my brothers, because of all those who had come before and for all those who will come after...
...The discussion of Cuba's role in the hemisphere is one case...
...Cuba does lean heavily upon the Soviet Union for trade, financing, arms and technology...
...What of the fact that five Latin American countries have support- ed Cuba's re-entry into the OAS...
...Ariston is an optimistic young man...
...Despite the breadth of coverage in the volume, however, many vital topics do not receive adequate coverage...
...Mariana Grajales, the mother of the Maceo brothers, the heroes of our independence...
...Thus, the unwary will be led to accept with a sense of finality Dr...
...continued on p. 31) 29 __,fl-- 'rilImmnt MISS LATIN AMERICA Colombia November 1lk Hours, LIVE The appeal of a beautiful woman is universal...
...Outstanding fighters such as Colonel Juana Azurduy de Padilla who fought in the area then called Upper Peru...
...We should mention that this political work is also aimed at explaining the responsibilities that the human couple should assume in this stage of intense struggle for economic development...
...Assassination can take many forms, but the end result is the same...
...My husband was assassinated...
...544, $14.95...
...in that way it often misleads public opinion and, through the publication of false news items, tries to demoralize the revolutionaries...
...The role of newly developing art forms has attracted much attention even outside of Cuba...
...This year we will also be doing many different tasks supporting the nursery schools, as well in the research plan of the Child Care Institute...
...It has its own "legality' and acts in accordance with it...
...The so-called "golden highway" will serve one main function: that of a military throughway...
...30 Book Review Revolutionary Change in Cuba...
...The Miss Latin America Pageant will be heavily promoted from the moment of inception, on the local and international level...
...Women have taken jobs which before they couldn't have...
...The final program will be produced by ABC International with the assistance of the Colombian affiliate of the LATINO TV Network...
...Written "to present a comprehensive, well documented, up to date and relatively objective study of the revolutionary changes that have taken place in Cuba from 1959 to 1970" (p...
...Professor Mesa-Lago notes, for example, an apparent rise in disease rates since the Revolution...
...Of course, this is a mental attitude and is not general, they're just manifestations of discrimination which sometimes are evident and other times are not...
...and our own Ana Betancourt who in 1869 demanded that woman's rights be included in the new constitution...
...Domingo, we are not resigned to allowing this to continue...
...In fact, Cuba has constantly increased its trade with nations outside the Socialist world, supported struggles for national liberation not always endorsed by the Soviet Union and maintained trade with the People's Republic of China...
...They don't know how lucky I am to have the love I have: you have to envy me because I am the strong one although I am blindfolded, naked and tied...
...The thesis of Cuban dependency upon the Soviet Union is also presented from a capitalist- imperialist angle...
...I don't accept this legality imposed by a minority on a majority...
...Domingo, I, a woman of the people, wife, mother and comrade of Brazilian revolutionaries, ACCUSE my country's government of playing the role of imperialism's gendarme in South America...
...The Party, the Cuban Workers' Federation, the Ministry of Labor and the FMC have made efforts to help women adapt to their new status of workers...
...Of course, woman in the home means that she was reduced to her role of mother and housewife, for which she did not need a high level of education, according to that idea...
...What is the way to eliminate them...
...During 1961, in addition to taking part in the literacy campaign, the FMC had the responsibility of creating massive educational courses...
...many of these, far from being revolutionaries, have simply identified themselves with the people...
...I ACCUSE it of mobilizing troops last November on the Uruguayan border in order to prevent the triumph of progressive forces in the elections there...
...PL: What role does the FMC assign to the Latin American women in their present-day struggle for the liberation of their countries...
...Historically, the feminist movement has put forth partial solutions, struggling for political rights -- as did the suffragettes -- but in my opinion, it has not attacked the roots of the problem, which is the capitalist society...
...Testy of an A in RevokionM y "...My moment had arrived, the hour in which my commitment or surrender would be proven...
...Captains of the Liberating Army, Adela Azcuy and Rosa Castellanos, the Bayamesa, and many others who not only helped the combatants but were also combatants themselves...
...They asked me if I was enjoying the electrode...
...Since then she has worked intensely for the development of the Cuban woman...
...We are convinced that woman must, and will, play a very important role in the fight for full national independence...
...In Cuba the woman is aware that society needs her, that she is part of the productive forces fighting against underdevelopment to build the material base which will make it possible to create all the institutions, services and industries which will alleviate her domestic work load...
...In sum, this bok provides useful inform- ation about the Cuban Revolution...
...My son was in the armed struggle when he fell prisoner...
...They spoke to me constantly...
...In Latin America that understandable appeal is underscored by the fierce pride of a passionate people in the beauty of their women...
...Cuba, it is claimed, remains isolated in the hemisphere...
...Attractive prizes will be given the winner of the final Pageant and several of the runners-up...
...That power is, in fact, the same one which aspires to dominate our entire continent...
...I had never imagined such a level of inhumanity...
...This point becomes important in that one prominent thesis of this work is that the Revolution is either essentially a one-man Castro government or that a small coterie at the top makes all decisions, so that the democratic process simply does not exist at any level...
...Because in Brazil, as in almost all of Latin America, the present is one of struggle...
...We may die in the first battle...
...However, the Revolution has systematically struggled against this, we can say, right from the start...
...In regard to future tasks we are trying to develop the plans we have today to the maximum, plans which are headed by our secretariats of Production, Social Work, Foreign Relations, Education, Ideological Orientation, Nursery Schools and the organizational and financial work of our organisms, becuase it should be known that the mass of women in our organization, in addition to doing voluntary work on all fronts, pay all the expenses of the FMC with their dues...
...That is why they need a gendarme, a government of a large and potentially rich country, that will do its dirty work, intervening in its place...
...A few days before he was killed, Frank Pais named Vilma Espin coordinator of the underground 26th of July movement in the province of Oriente, a post which she occupied until she joined the guerrilla forces of the Frank Pais Second Eastern Front led by Major Raul Castro...
...Her incorporation into social work is essential for her incorporation into society...
...I ask solidarity for our cause, for our revolution...
...There were a lot of them...
...Our story may still be remembered by the Mexican people who temporarily took us in when we were liberated through the kidnapping of the Japanese consul in Sao Paulo in March, 1970...
...A war which has cost and will cost many lives...
...She has made an extraordinary contribution in voluntary work during these years...
...Thousands of women who had been servants in the homes of the bourgeoisie who had left the country took courses preparing them for administrative work...
...I am ready to fight and I am outside Brazil only obligated by circumstances...
...Even now it can play an agitating role, channel dissatisfactions, but its fundamental weakness is that it strays from the real road which is the struggle for the liberation of the peoples and confuses many women desirous of struggling for a better life...
...We are used to seeing death by starvation in our country...
...Instead of puppet governments, direct investments and the constant draining of natural resources and profits, Cuba has maintained an independence of internal decisions and foreign policy...
...They were kept in an orphanage and one of them, nine years old, was mentally and physically tortured by the tyranny's lackeys...
...My three youngest children were also imprisoned...
...Actually, the CDRs are block (or rural equivalent) organizations which discuss and deal with preventative medicine and problems of health, political education, voluntary work, recycling and most of the day-to-day problems of people in a rapidly changing society...
...I ACCUSE it of maintaining a situation of ex- ploitation which daily kills dozens of small children with undernourishment...
...Copious footnotes, charts, tables and graphs accompany the lengthy text...
...On the other hand, for the peoples who have succeeded in eliminating the exploitation of man by man, the women's problem is one of society in general, a society which must work to incorporate women into active life, into social production...
...In my country, Mr...
...That is why they keep making loans to Brazil, and the other economic powers collaborate...
...We can say that the FMC has achieved its objectives, the woman is an integral part of the process of transformation going on in our society...
...Later different technical courses were organized by the FMC in coordination with organizations that needed skilled labor...
...I ACCUSE it of maintaining the most ferocious kind of censorship through a total control of mass media...
...Children and youth -- those who are able to go to school -- are educated in order to assimilate them into the system...
...I ACCUSE the Brazilian dictatorship of having removed even the most elemental individual rights, including the right of "habeas corpus," and of having restored the death penalty -- not in order to apply it t the torturers, to those who steal the sweat of the people, but to young revolutionaries who oppose Garrastazu Medici's terrorist, fascist and sell-out regime...
...But unfortunately many feminist groups take away forces that could strengthen the genuinely revolutionary movement, We even know of some capitalist countries where the ruling class stimulates those movements, they do not persecute them, they let them grow Because to a certain extent these movements are playing into the hands of the so-called democracies...
...That is why they have bought my country's bourgeoisie...
...as a nation to be depended upon for a latinamericanization of the war if the 28 tide of revolution gets to the point where the imperialists have to try to detain it...
...this is not only an attempt to colonize that region and reduce the social pressure in the North East, but it is also an attempt at populating a huge strip of land which would unite Brazil with other countries in South America...
...In 1969 she was appointed director of industrial development in the Ministry of Food Industries and since June 1971 she has been president of the Institute of Child Care...
...The twenty companies owing most money to the Bank of Brazil are foreign...
...It no longer functions as an instrument of oppression in the hands of the ruling class (as it does in the case of the United States and its dependencies) but represents another force to mobilize labor and extend revolutionary spirit among the masses...
...In regard to social work, we have developed vast plans in coordination with different ministries, including health education and projects, especially concerning the health of the child, pregnant women and new mothers, children with behavior problems, community services, recreation facilities, etc...
...We are fighting a war to the death against the dictatorship...
...There are dozens of groups that have different aims, many of them positive...
...I barely know how to write...
...Because we aren't only fighting for our people's freedom in Brazil, but for other people's right to independence...
...While my son was working with Carlos Lamarca organizing a training camp from which to initiate armed struggle in the countryside, comrades of his -- in a revolutionary commando which bore the name of my assassinated husband -- kidnapped the Japanese consul so that through liberating him they could gain the release of my children, myself and other comrades, so we could come to Cuba...
...VE: The work of our organization is eminently social and political since we are trying to prepare ideologically a social group that constitutes half the population and incorporate it in full into the revolutionary process so that it will occupy the role it rightfully has in the new society, be it in state administration or in all the other tasks regarding political, cultural, social and economic work in our country...
...Let us recall the two world wars when women were needed to work in factories to replace the male workers that went into the armies...
...Promotional power will build to a crescendo as the final competition approaches and will continue throughout each year to give both the sponsors and Miss Latin America continuous publicity...
...And even when my body hasn't any more resistance left...
...The triumph of the Popular Unity government in Chile, the interesting and deeprooted process in Peru, the position taken by Panama in the struggle for sovereignty over the Canal, just to mention the most important processes, show us that the era of absolute U.S...
...Thus, with these examples which we have inherited and the awakening of consciousness on the part of the Latin American woman, we know that women will make their enormous renovating and patriotic force felt in the struggles for the liberation of their peoples and for their second and definitive independence...
...From a socialist perspective some further observations appear necessary...
...We can say that the situation of the Cuban woman after the triumph of the Revolution is totally different and that during these thirteen years the political consciousness of men and women has grown and created a totally new situation, although, as I've said, there are still some pre- judices...
...as an exploited person who knows that the path of revolution is the only one we have to rise out of our misery and our underdevelopment...
...I ask the oppressed Brazilian mothers that they be alert, that they support their sons and daughters in entering the ranks of revolution...
...All society must be aware of this problem and be willing to solve it...
...Now my son is condemned to death and I can neither shed tears which would shame him with my cowardice nor ask for clemency from the dictatorship...
...At such moments you think of the love you put into everything you do...
...Yet, poster art, for example, which not only decorates Cuba's highways but also serves as an educational tool, is shunted aside...
...In February 1959 Fidel spoke of the exploitation and discrimination of women...
...This feminist movement is quite strong in the United States and in western European countries...
...I want to tell them that the Brazilian struggle will be a long one...
...I saw my own son die of Woman hunger when he was only a year and a half old and I have seen hundreds of children die like that in my country...
...Back in the cell, alone, I cried...
...A Brazilian mother greets you and appreciates the publication of this letter, a Brazilian mother who is ust one of millions who have suffered misery, exploitation and the death of her children, but who is not about to ask clemency for her son...
...I want to alert them about this gendarme role that the Brazilian dictatorship has taken on...
...It is also an economic project...
...And so imperialism, bordering almost all the other South American countries, will be magnificently linked with Peru...
...One thrust of the Revolution in recent years has been the incorp- oration of women into the work force and the strengthening of women's organizations within revolutionary structures...
...He never knew the joys of adolescence because the revolution claimed all his efforts...
...Now, under the guidance of ABC International Television and the Worldvision Television Stations of the LATINO TV Network, Miss Latin America will emerge in 1970 to give these people for the first time a queen of their own, a glamorous international representative of Latin America...
...The very fact that Castro can and does walk freely among the people is one measure of his popularity and the lack of need for any internal controls...
...That is also why the "Trans-Amazon" highway is being built -- under the pretext of relocating the North Easterners who live in arrid lands, bringing them to the humid and swamp-filled lands of the Amazonian jungle...
...This is most frequent in the case of men, although there are women who do not understand the problem either...
...Sometimes there are some expressions of discrimination in men who lead a certain branch of the economy, who do not consider the woman worker on a fully equal basis...
...This is the price we revolutionaries must pay for a better life for future generations...
...505...
...I ACCUSE the fascist dictatorship in Brazil, not of wanting to assassinate my son but of keeping my country in a situation in which millions of children have no access to public health, to education, to food...
...Failure, stalinization, pretentions, politics of purge, 'American imperialism', claimed, alleged," are typical of the innuendos employed by the vast majority of the contributors...
...ix), it deals with polity, economy and society...
...In the battles for our first independence, together with the popular and internationalist armies of San Martin and Bolivar, women were present...
...In woman herself these vestiges have their roots in the centuries of colonial and imperialist exploitation to which we were subjected and to the place which woman occupied in that society: woman in the home and man in the street...
...Enormous mining resources will be exploited with North American capital...
...Domingo, my son may be shot by the dictatorship...
...Moreover, work gives new perspectives to women, it broadens their horizons, it takes them out of the home and helps create a social consciousness, but, as is logical, just working itself will not solve all the problems...
...Because education is classist in my country, and the people receive an education which is deformed in schools which are at the service of the interests of the ruling class and the foreign boss rather than the interests of the people...
...Spanish and Portuguese commentary will be provided for the telecast by internationally recognized personalities...
...Brazil is a kind of strategic tentacle in the southern part of our continent...
...that I was a useful idiot...
Vol. 6 • December 1972 • No. 10
