Exclusive: A.I.D. Police Programs for Latin America 1971-72
NACLA
Introduction: The U.S. is fast becoming the world's policeman in the most precise sense of the word. This status has been achieved not only by placing our own men in the front lines of combat,...
...Office of Public Safety conducted a survey on the public safety capabilities of the National Guard in June 1970...
...He was subsequently ousted from Chile, and was reassigned by AID to Vietnam to work with the Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support effort (CORDS...
...It has been unofficially estimated that the vigilante groups (Death Squads) have killed 500 to 1000 people...in the last six years...
...Indeed six members of La Banda who sought asylum in the Mexican embassy claimed they were working with the police...
...They are attempting to develop the police to a point where it will not be necessary to rely on the military to maintain order or enforce the law...
...plans make commensurate assistance available...
...ty was completed during the past year to assure basic police training to all non-commissioned personnel...
...7. U.S...
...equipment, accompanied by U.S...
...and he argued that the Tupamaros, until Mitrione took charge, had only used violence as a last resort...
...Dept...
...FY 1972 Program: U.S...
...police aid is no longer being provided to Peru and Chile, two Latin American countries which have recently become openly critical of the way U.S...
...aid programs to Brazilian military and police agencies...serve mainly to identify the U.S...
...From 1955 to 1960, Mitrione was the police chief of Richmond, Indiana...
...The 1970 visit for the Brazilian Air Command and Staff College...
...1 One reason for backing police forces never mentioned by OPS officials is that, in general, police are a highly trained and indoctrinated professional force, whereas the rank and file of the armed forces are filled with relatively untrained and unmotivated draftees-peasants, Indians and other exploited groups...
...Training in FY 1971 was provided for 17 officers...
...technical advice and training...
...The ultimate thrust of Public Safety programs in these nations is not to impose the U.S...
...investors is being shattered...
...National Police further criminal and subversive investigative responsibilities, and a major reorganization Participants: 40 participants for the International of the National Police is under joint US-Colombia study...
...Emphasis on fingerprint classification system is operational and improving the civilian police training system...
...Range: 100 to 300 feet, depending on surrounding acoustical conditions...
...The A.I.D...
...Dan Griffin, "Senator Church Assails U.S...
...7 Many of these advisors come from the FBI and CIA...
...office and training support expenses...
...2) Assist (3) Improving civil police training aimed at crime pre- in the establishment of a Central Security and Operations vention and strengthened community relations, and (4) Center to control and coordinate all activities of the improvement of civil police line services and investi- security forces...
...Government of Guyana Contribution: U.S...
...Copyright ( 1971 by the North American Congress on Latin America, Inc...
...o A Public Forces Commission was established by the approx...
...3) by improving the police operations in the urban and rural areas to combat terrorism and insurgency...
...As of Dec...
...The Agency for International Development told Congress that in 1970 the South Vietnamese police had arrested 153,000 persons, "including more than 26.000 suspected Vietcong...
...in riot control, investigations and police management: ($75,000...
...Meanwhile the Government of Jamaica has given increased support to the Constabulary as is evidenced by the level of appropriations, which has risen from $8.5 million in FY 1967 to $12 (twelve) million in FY 1971...
...Six hundred more police officials have been trained In the United States...
...They made public copies of Mitrione's police credentials, including a certificate of graduation from an FBI school...
...A less overt, but nevertheless key element of police aid is psychological warfare...
...2. Ibid...
...For example, by helping other countries set up their own police academies and by organizing field training teams, U.S...
...KThe United States should respond to requests for assistance of the police and security forces of the hemisphere nations by providing them with the essential tools to do their job...
...FOOTNOTES 1."Death of a Policeman: Unanswered Questions About a Tragedy," Commonweal, Vol...
...for the Capital area is nearing completion...
...2) completion of the central criminal laboratory (3) up-grading maintenance and spare parts control for A.I.D...
...FY-1971 LA PADB FY 1959 FY: 1973 Project Targets and Course of Action...
...ers;;the mobility and communication capabilities of the National Guard have been improved...
...Guatemala PROJECT DATA TABLE II I PROJECT TITLE ACTIVITY FUNDS Public Safety Public Safety Economic PRIOR REFERENCE INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FiNALOBLIGATION PROJECT NUMBER 520-11-710-077 P. 159, FY-1971 LA PD.B...
...D...
...Africa Regional Public Safety Training Project This project offers training at the International Police Academy in Washington to mid-career and senior police officers from those African nations which do not have bilateral A.I.D...
...help, of building its civil police forces to assume effectively their role as the first line of defense against threats to internal order...
...to police officers of some countries in which U.S...
...The project was formulated subsequent to interest expressed by the Government of Nicaragua in upgrading the civilian police capabilities of the Nicaraguan National Guard...
...It is becoming increasingly serious and is likely to remain an unstabilizing factor in many Latin American countries...
...The instructors at IPA come from the ranks of the FBI, CIA and other U.S...
...In order to understand the realities behind the sterile, sanitized language of the document, however, it is necessary to discuss the underlying reasons for the existence of such a program...
...There continues to be a need for Public Safety assistance for Pakistan in order to achieve basic development of the police institutions and upgrade the operations so the police may be enabled to perform effectively whatever internal security role given them by the Government of Pakistan...
...field assistance to various states...
...for the National Guard...
...program, one local employee...
...However, there are contradictions between the ideology of OPS and the practice of Latin American police forces, which have long been used as instruments of official repression...
...The training is given in French and English and provides specialized orientation and indoctrination of present and potential police leaders in the democratic concepts of police administration in the support of viable national political, economic, and social development...
...60 included angle) and a very high front-to-back ratio...
...It blends with the paramilitary and the police function and these in combination blend with the economic and social programs...
...aid programs infringe on their independence...
...Entirely solid state...
...During FY-1972, $100,000 is planned to train 30 participants from eligible African nations...
...2) by developing mo- police operations...
...but in such hotels as the Sheraton Park in Washington, the Sheraton-Palace in San Francisco...
...FY 1972 Program: U.S...
...For example, a national ID The No...
...can also be mounted on any standard photographic tripod...
...direct-hire Public Safety construction, equipping and development of curriculum, Advisors will work with the Federal Police Department staff and faculty for the National Police Academy, from July 1 to December 21, 1971, and three U.S...
...In 1969 his skills were needed in Uruguay where Tupamaro urban guerrillas were growing in strength and popularity...
...Tng) Congo Ghana Liberia Somali Tunisia Sub-Total NESA Jordan Pakistan Sub-Total LATIN AMERICA Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Honduras Jamaica Nicaragua Panama Peru Uruguay Venezuela Sub-Total GRAND TOTAL Loan for Nigeria Police Academy FY-1970 FY-1971 FY-1972 ACTUAL ESTIMATED PROPOSED 14,422 391 547 825 5 ,981 7 744 380 296 144 76 896 100 694 794 209 614 106 267 230 386 153 83 1,129 149 107 75 131 27 285 284 4,235 28,091 11,505 11,148 347 506 900 5,000 6,753 100 565 100 238 75 1,078 65 280 345 143 370 17 260 200 378 142 64 377 146 121 70 118 164 624 186 3,380 23, 061 425 800 9,000 10,225 100 1,016 106 203 125 1,550 250 250 115 174 340 lsa 370 135 56 377 99 171 96 91 203 225 200 2, 850 26,023 3,400 SUMMARY OF PROGRAM BY COUNTRY (Dollar Amounts in Thousands) I U IPublic Safety Summary of FY 1972 Program by Function (Dollar Amounts in Thousands) Region-Countries Total Technicians Participants Commodities Other . ~ J : .a...
...law enforcement body...
...Mitrione became the chief U.S...
...The five month investigation produced a fifteenchapter report stating that torture is a "normal, frequent and habitual occurrence" in Uruguay...
...The new philosophy was expressed by the Agency for International Development at hearings held by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on ,aspects of the S3.3-billion reorganization plan for foreign aid that President Nixon presented to Congress April 27...
...and many others designed to carry out the same functions as counterpart programs in the Third World...
...He later became a public safety advisor for AID in Brazil, where much of his time was spent in Belo Horizonte, a center for Brazilian torture activities...
...A number of observers have claimed that the group is working with the police...
...The two summary tables following this narrative show (1) dollar costs by country and (2) the proposed FY-1972 program for each country by component parts...
...Thousands of officers are being trained not in the routine police functions of crime prevention, but in counterinsurgency techniques and ideology...
...internal security advisor to the Uruguayan police...
...Recently, the Government of Saudi Arabia requested the services of two additional technical advisors to assist in the modernization of its Coast Guard and Frontier Forces...
...It is proposed that Public Safety assistance be provided to 25 countries in FY 1972...
...Progress to Date: 93 officers have been trained in the U.S...
...improved...
...In Brazil, where charges of widespread torture have been made against the police, the United States in less than 10 years has helped train locally more than 100,000 policemen...
...A Highway Patrol Force was inaugurated in August 1970 to patrol the country's paved highway network...
...Department of Defense proposes to supply commodities, valued to $21,679,000, funded from appropriations made to the armed services...
...establishing a police career system...
...Jame3 Nelson Goodsell, "Latin Americans Rac for New Arms," The Christian Science Monitor, July 10, 1971.-- Document-6Street Cleaner THE POLICE CHIEF - November 1970-7Para-Police Terror Squads A number of U.S...
...A newly established division communications...
...In the Philippines, the crime rate, long recognized as a serious problem, remains generally high and shows evidence of increasing...
...Both the police and the National Guard now have modern academies in which training in modern police techniques is available...
...506,000 will be for selected commodities, consisting mainly of vehicles, communications equipment and training aids...
...supplied equipment...
...Basically, the local police are seen as the first line of defense against subversion, and with proper training should be able to deal with an internal disorder before it grows into a full scale guerrilla movement or mass insurrection...
...The police and military authorities now have a full set of fingerprints, information on political beliefs, biographical data and photographs for nearly 12,000,000 people in South Vietnam...
...Commodities: Communications equipment and spare parts: ($25,000...
...Prior to independence, some countries were much slower than others in having their native police in sufficient numbers at the higher levels provided with adequate training...
...The Miami Herald, July 24, 1970 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC "...The body count has been increasing of late, mainly because of the emergence of a group who call themselves La Banda...
...direct-hire Public Safety Advisors, supported by one U.S...
...Instruction at IPA involves courses in police management, operations and internal security (See curriculum chart for a run-down of these classes...
...18 Because police in Latin America have a tradition of brutality and repression, OPS places a strong emphasis on the building of "humane," efficient police forces...
...public safety advisors have trained about 1,000 police in riot control in Montevideo...
...DOLL AR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations Epelnditures Urliquidated OBeIGATIONS Estimated VY 71 _ 203 _ cost Components AIDd AID Fst ma ted U S Technicians 68 68 so 19 through 6/30 71 1,392 _1,371 21 Participants 21 21 42 2 Future Year Est . ated Comrnodities 21 21 36 76 Pr dgations Total Cost 7l Other Costs 121 11 A I Proposed F Y 72 171 150 1.713 Total Obigaton 12 121 P171 ___tC...o...
...Senate, Committee on Appropriations, Foreign Assistance Appropriation, 1965...
...In addition, the U.S...
...The overall objective of the assistance to be provided is to develop an effective civil police institution which will be able to provide the required level of operational capability within the public service concept...
...Total program- $115,000 target is to be accomplished primarily through technical assistance training both in Bolivia and U.S...
...Increasingly, guerrillas in countries such as Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, are launching attacks against their governments from urban centers...
...Major project accomplishments include: U.S...
...For that reason it is a very important force to us...
...police system, or U.S...
...The Vietnam National Police is a young organization, having been in existance only since 1963 as a nationally organized unit...
...A National Decree has recently given the mated systems, and motor vehicle maintenance...
...both microphone and amplifier operate from the same power supply...
...interest to do so, in order that they may a) meet immediate threats to internal order, and b) develop civil police institutions capable of maintaining internal stability essential for economic, social and political progress...
...Urban Guerrillas a Factor 1The new strategy, however, centers on the modernization of the police forces and their instruction in antisubversion techniques...
...The "Henry" for orderly growth and development...
...And the circumstances of Hernandez's death do suggest collaboration...
...Technicians: Three U.S...
...DOLLAR COSTS (In Thousands) Ob ligat i ons Expendtures Unhquidated OBLIGATIONS Estimated FY 197 . Fy 1 9?2 Through 6 1 301 7 7,898 7,557 341 _lDrect Di1Pre d F ct D,,ect Conlrdct Total Di, ecI Contract Total Estimated Y 7t1370 561 cost Components AID AID Estimated U S Technicians 225 225 100 10 through 61 30/ 71 8,268 8,118 150 Participants 100 100 70 70 Future Year Estimated Commodites40 40 Obligation% Total Cost Other Costs 370 370 174 174 Proposed FY 72 174 8,442 Total Obl,gatensi...
...This sense of hopelessness is perhaps best described in a passage by psychologist Frant2Fanon who studied the Algerian resistance to the French, in The Wretched of the Earth: In the innermost recesses of their brains, the settlers' tanks and airplanes occupy a huge place...
...Sen...
...9 A major focus of OPS training is the creion of nationally coordinated police forces der unified command which can deal with oblems anywhere in the country more effectively an scattered local forces...
...with the current Brazilian government, and they raise a serious question about the wisdom of assistance to the Brazilian police and military...
...A modern ling modern administrative procedures with proper Criminology Laboratory is now operational...
...1FUNDS I 00 IDATA TABLE III PROJECT TITLE ACTIVITY FUNDS Public Safety Public Safety Economic PRIOR REFERENCE INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FNAOBLIGATION PROJECT NUMBER 525-11-710-044 P. 211, FY-1971 LA P.D.B.Bf Y 1959 FY: 1974 i Project Target and Course of Action: To improve crime FY 1972 Program: Emphasis will continue to be placed on prevention systems and law enforcement services required the preparation and training of civil police and the to maintain public order and internal security...
...Guyana PROJECT TITLE PROJECT NUMBER 504-1 PROJECT Public Safety ACTIVITY PRIOR REFERENCE DI 100 a v 1071 1 '71 n_ I DATA Public Safety T A I 1n Project Target and Course of Action: To assist the Government of Guyana in improving police administrative procedures and methods and to augment their efforts to increase police resources and capabilities in transportation and vehicle maintenance, communications, highway patrol, forensic laboratory facilities, and riot control...
...In general, Public Safety objectives are designed to strengthen the capability of civil police and paramilitary forces to enforce the law and maintain public order with the minimum use of physical force, and to counter Communist inspired or exploited subversion and insurgency...
...training programs, in adopting modern police methods and communications, and in improving organizational and U.S...
...the U.S...
...automotive and criminal and automotive maintenance capabilities have been investigative equipment...
...but more needs to be done...
...These programs are adapted to host country initiatives for the improvement of the ability of civil security forces to employ accepted police management and operational practices in the fields of urban/rural patrol, investigations, training, communications, criminalistics and logistics.The total proposed cost for the 15 Public Safety programs in Latin America for FY-1972 amounts to $2.850 million...
...Local training will and training aids...
...Thus, the programs are doomed to failure in the end, because the underlying premise of OPS, and in fact of all counterinsurgency efforts, is based on miscalculations of the people's will to resist...
...AND WHO'S DEFENDING US FROM THE POLICE...
...Mitrione, who was an exYou're mistaken, ma'am....the security tax helps the police defend us from subversion...
...Occasionally, weapons and programs that have proved successful in another country will be brought home for use against subversive groups and mass demonstrations here...
...stages to be carried out under the proposed loan...
...Technicians: Four U.S...
...basic civil police Commodities: Communications equipment to DENI, Guardia training courses have been conducted and are continuing Nacional, training and demonstration equipment...
...Technician: Two direct hires- $50,000...
...statewide communications networks...
...police aid grants in Latin America in fiscal year 1970...
...A.I.D...
...agreed, in principal, to provide a construction loan for $3.4 million in FY 1972 for the police staff college...
...is operating efficiently and investigations Other Costs: Local travel, in-country training and training has been provided for the National Department material support to Guardia Nacional civic action of Investigations...
...Le Monde, English edition, February 17, 1971 "Major right- wing organizations include La Mano Blanca (The White Hand), said to be a sort of subversive arm of the army and the police, and Ojo por Ojo (Eye for an Eye), a right-wing vengeance group that many suspect is made up largely of policemen...
...311,000 will be for training 92 participants in the U.S...
...Franz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, Grove Press (New York), 1961, p 63...
...the Caracas and Petare police departments have been centralized to form a more effective Metropolitan Police;'and major improvements have been realized in the Metropolitan Police Academy and the training schools of the National Guard...
...In the long run, however, they build support for the left, even among one-time "moderates" or "apolitical" people, thus invalidating all that the OPS officials claim has been achieved...
...institutions, sends advisors to foreign countries to train rank and file policemen, and provides equipment, such as radios, mobile units, weapons, ammunition and computers, to local police forces.-2The following document is a country-bycountry description of the OPS request to Congress for Latin America for fiscal year 1972...
...police assistance to Latin America has contributed to the development of police states...
...police administration...
...On the other hand, we are working in a lot of countries where the governments are controlled by people who have shortcomings...
...U Economic INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINAL OBLIGATION I FY 1Q71 rFY 107T Project Target and Course of Action: The project is directed toward developing a modern and effective public safety program in Nicaragua...
...1.359 Total Obligations 146 146 99 L 99 __ __ ll 11-XlU-UJ r.cu...
...urban and rural structure of the civil police...
...of recruit training has reached 400 per year, a 10% increase since FY 1969...
...advice was instrumental, for instance, in the setting up of an efficiently operating patrol system...
...the improvement of rural paramilitary police ability to prevent and deal with guerilla activities...
...Subscription price: $5 per year for individuals...
...A further contradiction for OPS is its perception of all subversive activity as caused by small sectors of the population that can be isolated and wiped out...
...The DOC is faced with the monumental task of providing a humane and adequate correction system and an equitable parole system...
...Technicians: Four U.S...
...Other Costs: Trust Fund...
...Most recently, the emphasis of the program has shifted toward institution building as the level of rural and urban violence subsided...
...Technicians: One direct hire advisor Participants: 15 grants with emphasis in mentioned above the sectors Other Costs: Training and office support expenses...
...Since 1962, the National FY 1972 Program: The FY 1972 project will include train- ! Police have acquired a sound institutional base, incor- ing and advisors to overcome such remaining police porating satisfactory educational requirements, a suit- deficiencies as (a) inadequate Rural Police Capability, X able organizational structure, a career-oriented personnel (b) need for an equipment maintenance plan, (c) certain system, and a three-year university-level officer candi- weaknesses in criminal investigation service, and (d) date school...
...FY 1972 Program: Continued assistance is to be provided Other Costs: Miscellaneous local costs, such as local to the National Police for the development of practical contractor services, printing, supplies, and translations...
...in Bolivia were suspended and the advisors returned to the U.S.A...
...developing manpower development training programs...
...During FY-1972, it is intended to continue with on-going Public Safety assistance for Pakistan to the extent feasible...
...FY 1959 FY 1972 Project Target and Course of Action: To improve the Substantial increases in police mobility have been capability of the Brazilian federal and state civil achieved, primarily through Brazilian funding for security forces to maintain law and order, and security Brazilian manufactured vehicles...
...In justifying the program to Congress, OPS officials have come up with a series of arguments about why the police should receive aid...
...and $489,000 will be for selected commodities to provide the security forces with some of the basic material resources, consisting principally of mobility, communications, and training equipment essential to these improvement programs...
...8. See NACLA Newsletter Volume IV, No...
...5 General Taylor explained another lesson that had been learned in Vietnam: We also recognize the importance of the police force in its relations to the armed forces of its own country...
...About two thirds of this total is earmarked for Southeast Asia...
...of State, Agency for International Development, Office of Public Safety, Program Guide-Public Safety Training (Washington, D.C., 1968...
...10 for institutions...
...If an insurrection breaks out, OPS can fly in emergency aid within hours to cope with the situation...
...L I _ ICountry Venezuela PROJECT TITLE Civil Police Administration PROJECT NUMBER PROJECT I ACTIVITY lPRIOR REFERENCE DATA Public Safety Project Target and Course of Action: To help achieve reforms and operational improvement through professionalization of about 400 civil police forces of municipal police organizations in 20 states and the Metropolitan Police for the Federal District...
...But Maj...
...654,000 will be for 318 participants who will be trained in the U.S., principally at the International Police Academy in Washington, D.C...
...Costs, including advisors and support efforts since inception of the program, have been funded and paid for in advance by Saudi Arabia...
...In most countries in which there no longer are programs, In FY 1971, A.I.D...
...improving capabilities of investigators, implementaiton of Ministry of Public Security reorgancriminal identification and records coordination, ization, professionalization of the Civil Guard and between uniform detective/urban/rural police units, assistance in the development of a well-trained corps of establishing an integrated centralized complaint police officers (this will be the first year of a 3-year system...
...Effective civil institutions are in the process of development in most Latin countries...
...structors in the Panama National Guard and the National Specifically assistance will be provided to: (1) Assist Department of Investigations (DENI), (2) improving the in improvement of police line services such as civil coordination and communications of the civil police, police patrols, traffic and investigations...
...advisory assistance has emphasized the use of humane procedures in urban disturbance control and the police are now used as the primary force for this purpose...
...DOLLAR COSTS (in Thousands) Obligations Ex penditures Unliquidated OBLIGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Proposed FY 1972 Through 61 30/70 3,227 3,186 41 Direct Direct Contract Total CI _ _ _ _ _ _ontract__ TotaC ADD Estimated F Y 71 378 385 _ost Compone-s A Estimated U S Technicians 195 195 210 10 Through 6/30/ 71 3,605 3,571 34 Participants 45 _ 45 40 40 Future Year Estimlated Commodities _ 135 ._ 135 Totat Obligations 378 378 370 370 PropObliat ions Total Cost | Other Costs I A3 Proposed - _Y 7_2 3_70_ 3,975 Toa _ Obligations _378_ 378_ 370 370 PRIOR REFERENCE * 1 0 s-,1 A 71 T A O T 1 TABLE III I- I-- 1 FUNDS Economic I INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINAL OBLIGATION FY: 1962 FY: 1972 7 I IDATA TABLE III PROJECT TITLE ACTIVITY FUNDS Public Safety Public Safety Economic PRIOR REFERENCE INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINALOBLIGATIONI PROJECT NUMBER 518-11-710-037 P. 19S...
...The $26-million in policesupport funds requested is $4million more than last year...
...I- -L Ico.,.Y Honduras PROJECT TITLE Public c PROJECT NUMBER 522-11-710-018 PROJECT ;afety ACTIVITY DATA TABLE III FUNDS Public Safety PRIOR REFERENCE P. 163, FY-1971 LA R.D.B...
...A limited number of copies of the country data for non-Latin American countries have been published separately by NACLA and are available on request...
...These costs come to about $42,000 per man-year, or $210,000 a year for the five advisors...
...Progress to Date: Project received congressional approval for implementation in January 1971...
...two TDYs in radio and patrolling techniques, 6 man-months$10,000...
...Claiming to be sympathetic to the government, this group of thugs has been systematically eliminating anyone who opposes the government...
...All are functioning effectively in support of police Participants: Short-term training for 35 Brazilian departments throughout the country...
...of narcotics reflects the growing concern over drug control...
...We have learned the need for a strong police force and strong police intelligence organization to assist in identifying early the symptoms of an incipient subversive situation...
...A.I.D...
...When they are told 'action must be taken' they see bombs raining down on them, armored cars coming at them on every path, machine gunning and police action...
...AIDfinanced commodities have improved Uruguayan capabilities in patrol, investigative procedures and in riot control...
...Technicians: Five direct hire: Chief and Advisors in Progress to Date: Communications, Rural, Training and Investigations...
...be undertaken by the National Police school...
...USAID efforts are primarily directed toward training to effect improvement in FY 1972 Program: Change in program direction, started police organization, management and operations...
...The recruit training school, established with AID assistance, has graduated 422 recruits to date...
...local training in basic police subjects has been provided to 32,000 police personnel (multiple U.S...
...PUBLIC SAFETY East Asia Developments in Southeast Asia have had major consequences affecting the nations of the area...
...Commodities: $10,000 will be used to provide communications equipment, $5,000 for training equipment, and $2,000 for miscellaneous...
...They said they had been threatened with death by high-ranking police officers when they refused to carry out orders...
...By the end of FY 1971 it is expected that communications networks will have been established in all 19 Uruguayan Departments...
...Should a new project begin, the U.S...
...00, CI-LI . 1L t - Project Target and Course of Action: To assist the National Police to improve their capability as an effective law enforcement organization to maintain internal security...
...More specifically, the Public Safety programs will focus on the development of key institutional elements, such as communications networks and training systems...
...DOLLAR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations E x penditures Unliquidated OBL IGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Prosed Fy 1972 Estimated FY 71 624 620 Cos Components IDContr Toal tract Total Estimated U S Technicians 149 149 115 115 through 6/30/ 71 1,842 1 726 116 Participants 69 69 75 75 Future Year Esti'mated Commodities 39J '9 25_ Obligations Total Cost Other Costs -1 Proposed F Y 72 225 378 2,445 Total Obligations 624 624 225 225 Propos d F Y 7 ~~~~~~245 624 624 225 225 ky --B...
...Other Costs: Minor administrative costs related to project and salary for one local secretary for one year: ($10,000...
...A high crime rate, demonstrations and strikes continue to threaten political stability...
...FY 1972 Program: U.S...
...It is obviously not our purpose or intent to assist a head of state who is repressive...
...Participants: Six commissioned officers and technical specialists participants ($15,000...
...For example, Michael McCann, the director of the Academy worked with the FBI before assuming his present position...
...All equipment cost for the force is borne by the Saudi government...
...Technicians: Two direct hire public safety advisors, and two short-term technicians for two man-months each, will work with the National Guard...
...IV, No...
...public safety advisors...
...Each of the four countries is in the process, with U.S...
...and the development of the police ability to prevent the infiltration of enemy agents...
...Since 1963, the Venezuelan Government has contributed more than $7 million for U.S...
...Government Printing Office, 1964), p. 82...
...on better administration and management leading to the effective use of resources...
...In addition, the military tends to overreact to such situations, thus polarizing the population and radicalizing many...
...however, are separate from those of the aid agency...
...In New London...
...FY 1963 FY: 1974 Project Target and Course of Action: To improve 200 communities...
...Aid to Brazil Police," The Washington Post, July 25, 1971...
...training...
...3. U.S...
...1 2 Similar ID systems are being implemented in varying degrees in Latin America, as well as the United States...
...would assist the National Guard to develop professionally able and effective civil forces, responsive to the needs of the people and able to prevent threats to internal order from arising...
...This assistance ranged from the massive American military involvement in Vietnam to the assignment of Special Forces teams to I.a'in-Ameri-an armies to train them in antiguerrilla and .ntisub\ersion techniques...
...In addition, Washington must reduce the possibility of the rise to power of groups not firmly aligned with the United States...
...and $85,000 will be for other costs including five third country nationals...
...Participants: Thirty will receive specialized training Approximately 50% of the police were brought under a in the U.S...
...Participants: Twenty officers to IPA for 80 months...
...Off duty policemen and other right-wing terrorists do the dirty work so the hands of the legitimate police can appear clean...
...FY 1956 FY: 1973 Project Target and Course of Action: Target: To FY 1972 Program: assist the three Bolivian police agencies in performing their present duties in a more effective The presently modest program will be continued at and professional manner...
...in riot control, police management, investigations and patrol improvement...
...Jamaica PROJECT TITLE Public Sa PROJECT NUMBER 532-11-710-031 PROJECT fety ACTIVITY PRIOR REFERENCE I- - l -1 - TABLE III DATA Public Safety FUNUD I . - u, I k -&IJ...
...technical assistance in aids equipment and other selected commodities which planning, installation and maintenance of radio will improve management as well as operational procecommunications equipment...
...interest that the police forces of these countries develop a self-sufficiency that will allow them to deal effectively with externally directed subversion in addition to combating lawlessness and disorders within their respective .countries.The police forces of the three aided countries have not yet reached this degree of proficiency...
...They must share with the Vietnamese armed forces the burden of countering insurgency, and provide for daily peace and order not only in the cities, but throughout the countryside...
...and improvement of police program...
...urban, rural and border patrol operations, and humane civil disturbance control capability...
...departments nationwide...
...In reality, these movements reflect the growing popular determination to end oppression and to establish governments that are responsive to the needs of the people...
...Conn., there was a beach party on July 27, 1968, for 74 visitors from the Brazilian Naval War College...
...2) improve the traffic management programs in Honduras' principal cities...
...This situation is characteristically manifested by the acute, intense urban terrorist activities, including assassinations of police officers, bombings and kidnappings of indigenous and foreign government officials, as seen in Uruguay, Guatemala and Brazil, and by sporadic rural small scale guerilla war as seen previously in Colombia and Guatemala and more recently in Bolivia...
...Course of Action: This target will be achieved by work- Customs Police: Two periods of USAID assistance, 1963ing through the National Police of Ecuador, a dependency 1966 and 1969-1970, have brought logistical improvements of the Ministry of Government...
...31, 1970 122 police Costa Rican police capabilities to maintain law and supervisory officers have been trained in the Internaorder thus helping to preserve the favorable climate tional Police Academy in Washington, D.C...
...relationships with the United States Government, but request such training...
...supplied vehicles and (4) further development of the internal security communications network...
...A smaller, but nonetheless important effort is assistance to the Directorate of Corrections...
...Progress to Date: Some 1,384 enlisted men have graduated from the expanded Police Academy at Borinquen since it opened in July 1968...
...and for small arms for security forces...
...Increase in Estimated Cost to Completion due, in large part, to Emergency Procurement...
...In the case of Vietnam, for example, the agency and the Defense Department are asking a total of $32.7-million for police support -three times last year's total...
...TABLE III FUNDS Economic INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FItNAL OBLIGATION FY: 1966 FY 197 'I IN''A FYIATO I I U.S...
...The new approach has already raised serious criticism here and abroad...
...Courses will include basic training, special criminal investi- Other Costs: 1 local secretary, local travel, and I gation and drug control...
...In the last five years, U.S...
...violence...
...Already pilot projects are being carried out on local levels to build up data banks and dossiers on "dangerous elements" in the society (such as Project Search, which is geared toward developing a nationwide intelligence system for use by local police...
...An exceptionally fine recruit school facili- insufficient flow of trained recruits...
...a trip to Disneyland and "lunch .at the Blue Bayou...
...But for most of the other 25 countries, assistance of three to four advisors and about $100,000 or less is proposed...
...trained and equipped Latin American police forces are now turning to quasi-clandestine para-police groups for carrying out their "dirty work"--harrassment, beating, torture and assassination of what they consider subversive elements...
...7,773,000 will be for essential police equipment and $252,000 will be for contract services and other costs...
...It is in the U.S...
...Building police states in developing countries makes it easier to create one at home.- 10 - U. S. Plans to Increase Aid to Foreign Police Forces to Help Fight Subversion By TAD SZULC Spnal to Th N% YO TInM WASHINGTON, June 13-The United States plans to increase its assistance to police forces In 25 countries in Southeast Asia, Latin America and Africa to help them deal with guerrillas and subversion...
...assistance to these countries is designed to encourage acceptance of the public service concept of policing and to provide advice in organization, management, various functional activities and training...
...Safety Police Executive Training, 2 ($10,000...
...objectives it provides the necessary leverage...
...The Washington Post, October 1, 1970 L-8OPS and Torture: Mitrione Style One of the best examples of the OPS's connection with torture and other forms of brutal repression in Latin America is Dan Mitrione...
...Put bluntly, this really means developing a nationwide data bank and ID system which is at the fingertips of every police officer, thus enabling a more efficient control of the population...
...patrols in urban areas and on the InterAmerican Highway have improved by organization, training, Participants: Twenty five to U.S...
...DOLLAR COSTS (In Thousands) ObIigations E x pendltures Urliquidated OBLIGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Preposed F Y 1972 Through 6/ 30 7t 1,940 1 916 24 Drrect Drect oa Total Estmated F Y 71 64 6 Cost Components AID rc_ Total AID Estimated U S Technicians 39 39 31 31 through b/ 30/ 71 2,004 1,976 28 Participants 15 15 15 15 Future Year Estli.ated Commodities 6 6 _ 6 Obh.gatons Total Cost Other Costs 4 _ 4 Proposed F Y 72 | 56 2 060 Tolal ObligJatons 64 56 56c..ntry...
...US...
...administrative effectiveness...
...Other Costs: ($7,000) for in-country travel and support...
...In essential services such as communications, our output in equipment, training and advice was probably crucial...
...civil service type career protection system with the creation of the Rural Assistance Guard--combining the Commodities: Equipment for communication, complaint former Treasury Police with the Town and Village system, mobility, training, riot control, and criminal Police...
...and centralizing police communi- carried out by Costa Rica emphasis, will be placed on cations...
...Modern records and communications systems have been developed...
...V, No...
...Also included are the introductory paragraphs from the OPS worldwide budget request presentation...
...Agency for International Development press release, same date...
...The FY 1972 emphasis will continue to be on training locally and participation in courses offered by the Commodities: Police equipment in demonstration quantities International Police Academy...
...The total cost for the four country projects and the regional project will be $1,550,000, with the greatest percentage planned for the Congo...
...5 "The IPA Faculty," IPA Review (January 1967), p. 11...
...As of January, 1970, 3500 officers of commissioned status had graduated from the IPA...
...the Edgewater Hyatt House in Los Angeles and the Flamingo in Las Vegas...
...In South Vietnam the military effort never stands alone...
...However, OPS grants are complementary and necessary to economic development grants...
...The assistance developing communications is not limited to tional boundaries...
...training, of which over 300 attended Other Costs: Local travel expenses, four local employees, the International Police Academy in Washington, D.C...
...Many tactics and uses of equipment by the police are designed to subdue the population and to intimidate not only existing, but also potential opposition movements...
...DOLLAR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated OBLIGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Proposed FY 1972 Through i/1 30 70 1.518 11470 48 Direct Total Direct Cotract Total Estimated FY 71 164 180 cost Components AID Cnc Tt AID Estimated U S Technicians 81 81 90 90 through 6/30/71 1,682 1,652 30 Participants 36 36 62 62 Future Year Estimated Commodities -3...
...Since it is in the interests of the United States to do so, Washington provides this assistance in the form of extensive training and equipment...
...The United States has been assisting foreign police organizations for nearly a decade through the public safety programs of the Agency for International Development...
...Progress to Date: From 1965 through June 30, 1970, $728,000 have been obligated in commodity assistance for vehicles, communications equipment, forensic investigation, laboratory equipment, and training aids for the Police Training School...
...Of this sum, $1.551 million will be for 51 Public Safety advisors who provide technical assistance on a day-to-day basis for the limited number of TDY assignments which will be required...
...Existing governments in Latin America are increasingly threatened by revolutionary movements and the stability desired by U.S...
...Large numbers of patrol cars, a cop on every corner, visible machine guns, riot gases, helicopters, checkpoints, all create fear and hopelessness in the minds of the victims of technology...
...from FY 1966 through FY 1970...
...They also see a need for help in reaching this goal...
...It seems likely that whole programs, such as those geared toward a national police force and a national identification system, could be applied here as the threat of internal disorder increases...
...DOLL AR COSTS (In Thousands) . . __OBLiGATIONS Obligations Expenditures Ur.nliquidated OBL__ ICATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Proposed FY 1972 Through 6130170 2 109 1,994 115 Direct Direct Contract Total Estimated F Y 71 143 217 cost Components AIDt Total AID Estimated US Technicians 60 60 60 through 6130/ 71 2,252 2 T 2 1 1 41 Participants 20 20 15 15 Future Year Estimated Commodities 8 58 40 Obligations Total Cost Other Costs _I - - 143 143 115 115 Proposed FY 72 115 84 2,451 Total Obliyations Do% I' as;-PROJECT Country Brazil DATA TABLE III PROJECT TITLE ACTIVITY FUNOS Public Safety Public Safety Economic PRIOR REFERENCE ' INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDOULED FINAL OBLIGATION PROJECT NUMBER 512-11-710-070 P. 26, FY-1971 LA P.D.B...
...Yet well-motivated, well-trained police, when present in local communities, enforce the laws, protect the citizenry from terror, and discourage criminal elements...
...DOLLAR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations Expenoitures Urliquidated OBLIGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Prop sed F 1972 Through 6/730/7 l3.913 . 2,2.58 955 Direct Direct Estimated FY 71 377 677 cost Contrcct Total AID Contract l Estimated U S Technicians 221 221 221 221 through 6/30/71 4,290 3,635 655 Participants 76 76 89 89 Future Year Estimated Commodities 51 0 60 Obligations Total Cost Other Costs 29 29 _ Proposed FY 72 377 916 5,583 Total Obligations 377 377 377 3377Country...
...to End Police Aid to Brazil," The Washington Post, July 15, 1971...
...involve itself in the internal situations of these countries, to the extent of forming and developing the local police forces...
...criminalistics and records/identification facilities have been expanded and modernized...
...Institutes of Criminalistics & Identification...
...six man-months TDY for police planning, crimin- i President with a mandate to study and make recommenda- alistics and vehicle maintenance...
...A modest public safety program Commodities: Equipment and radio spare partswas resumed in June 1970, with the arrival of $40,000...
...Progress ifi domestic intelli- Participants: International Police Academy, 12...
...It is also proposed that training be provided at the International Police Academy in Washington, D.C...
...It was stressed that the public-safety programs "can serve to prepare civil police forces to prevent the development o: threats to internal order before they become explosive problems requiring military action...
...Frank Church (D-Idaho!, the subcommittee chairman, called the trips "junkets...
...Because of the agency's conclusion in its Congressional presentation that "Communist insurgency in Thailand remains a serious problem," the United States plans to double police aid to the Thais to $9-million in 1972...
...270,000 will be for training police officers at the International Police Academy...
...Excerpt from "Quality of Life in the Americas" reprinted by AID...
...two public safety advisors...
...The training of policemen by American experts in LatinAmerican countries with varying degrees of political repression, such as Brazil, Guatemala and the Dominican Republic, has led to bitter criticism of the United States by opposition elements in those nations...
...The bills for the tours in 1968, 1969 and 1970 added up to $1,163,902...
...The agreement is expected to be amended prior to FY-1972 to provide for the additional requested advisor services and any incidental costs on an advance funding basis...
...About 360 civil police personnel have received U.S...
...Military and Police Operations in the Third World" (50c...
...Please send $1 (to cover printing and postage) to NACLA,Box 226, Berkeley, Ca...
...DOLLAR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated OBLIGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Preposed FY 1972 Through 61 30/7Dt Direct Contract Total Estimated FY 71 Cost Components AID Estimated U S Technicians 159 159 through 6/30/71 _ Participants 32 32 TABLE III FUNDS Economic INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINAL OBLIGATION Future Year Estimllated Commodities _ 9 Obligations Total Cost Other Costs __ Proposed F 72 _ 200 750 950 Total Obligations 1 200 200...
...In some instances, there were virtually no indigenous police in the officers ranks and very few at the senior noncommissioned officer levels...
...Department of State, Agency for International Development, Office of Public Safety...
...Amplifier: Entirely solid state, tailored for maximum response in the speech range...
...A two year Police Cadet College will open late in FY 1971 and serve as the training center for future police officers...
...DOLL AR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations E x penditures Uriquidated OBLIGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Prposed FY 1972 Through 61 30/7 4,771 4,596 175 Direct Direct Contract Total AID Estimated F Y 71 270 11 Cost Components AID Estimated U S Technicians ,0 130 167 through 6/ 30/ 71 5,031 4,871 160 Participants 60 60 88 88 Future Year Estlmated Commodities _065 Obligations Total Cost Other Costs i 30 20 20 Proposed FY 72 340 1,200 6.571 Total Obligations260 340 340Country: Costa Rica PROJECT DATA PROJECT TITLE ACTIVITY FUND Public Safety Public Safety Economic PRIOR REFERENCE INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINAL OBLIGATION PROJECT NUMBER 515-11-710-061 P. 15, FY-1971 LA P.D.B...
...The National Police logistical Commodities: Training materials, light arms and ammunibase has improved substantially in transport, communica- tion, and hand tools ($7,000...
...Private U.S...
...NACLA NEWSLETTER Vol...
...The OPS program trains ranking officers of Third World police forces at the IPA and other U.S...
...Uruguay has purchased over $1 million worth of police equipment (including vehicles) from own funds since 1965...
...Public Safety Advisors are not assigned...
...assistance to the police force...
...More and more, police leaders accept the police role as a servant of the public--relying on voluntary compliance with the law, rather than forcing compliance through fear...
...Public Safety advisors in 1968 reached 110,000 policemen in thirty-one countries...
...and they sit quiet, they are beaten from the start.10 Cartoon by MARCHA, Montevideo-4Many of the OPS country summaries below refer to "improving records and identification facilities" and establishing communications centers...
...15 In addition, the current regimes in Guatemala and the Dominican Republic, two large U.S...
...Technicians: 5 direct-hire technicians (60 manProgress to Date: Since 1963, some 338 key Colombian months) in investigations, training, management and police officials have graduated from the International administration, operational (patrol) activities and Police Academy...
...Patricipants: 8 participants will be trained at the International Police Academy in Washington...
...and the effective criminalistics, records and identification fields...
...cit., p. 24 15...
...For this reason, d and equipment have been supplied in the key eas of communication (computers, radios), bility (cars, helicopters), intelligence thering (infiltration and interrogation) and systems and roadblocks that monitor the vement of people and goods...
...In February 1971, 15 USAID financed, radio equipped jeeps arrived in Bolivia...
...Also, the project police officers and officials mainly at the Internahas supported a substantial increase in police tele- tional Police Academy, Washington, D.C...
...two secretaries...
...Progress to Date: The National Police has become a modern police force with uniforms, equipment, and efficient administrative organization...
...The Wall Street Journal, January 14, 1971 BRAZIL...
...If an underground movement exists, OPS can organize special training courses in infiltration, fingerprinting and other intelligence work...
...Firearms firearms training material...
...Economic -i tINtTIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINAL OBLIGATION I FY...
...Rate U.S...
...Senator Frank Church, who conducted secret hearings on repression in Brazil in May, 1971, summed up his findings as follows...
...vehicle and dern systems in the police training, communications, general equipment maintenance...
...who were here for two weeks at a cost of $90,900 S. F. Sunday Examiner & Chronicle July25, 1971 %:^ Section A Page 3 i l I I- 11 - Rockefeller's Recommendation to Nixon on Police Aid "In addition, there is not in the United States a full appreciation of the important role played by the police...
...DOLL AR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated OsLIGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Preposed FY 1972 Through 6/ 30/70 3,485 3,472 13 Diect Direct Estimated FY 71 142 C155 ost Components AID contract total AID Contractotal Estimated U S Technicians 69 69 88 88 through 6/30/71 3,627 3,627 Participants 5 5 10 10 Future Year Estrinated Commodities 5 5 7 7 Obligations Total Cost Other Costs 23 30 30 Proposed F Y 72 135 148 3.910 Total Obligations 142 142 135 135 country,: Ecuador PROJECT...
...Latin America, London, May 21, 1971, p. 166 EVEN OPS OFFICIALS GET INVOLVED Joseph A. Vasile served in Chile since 1964 as an AID advisor to the Chilean police on telecommunications...
...For further details see the Nigeria section...
...police assistance to Latin America in particular and the Third World in general, see the NACLA Newsletters of September 1970, November 1970, January 1971 and April 1971 (50c each) and the NACLA pamphlet "U.S...
...Of this total, $648,000 will be for 16 advisors...
...Latin America The problem of terrorism has continued to be troublesome...
...A strong cadre of officers (94) have completed the International Police Academy course...
...Further emphasis will be given to the Progress to Date: Through December 1970, the Public implementation of Federal Police Department Mobile Safety project in Brazil has assisted in training Training Teams, one of the principal means for providing locally over 100,000 federal and state police personnel...
...They can move quickly to the scene of a crime, and because they carry out the normal functions of police work, it is presumed that they will have gained legitimacy among the population...
...FY 1957 Fy: 1975 Project Target and Course of Action: To promote a stable exposure...
...Saudi Arabia Public Safety Assistance Project The program in Saudi Arabia was established under Section 607 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as amended...
...police equipment, and nearly $700,000 for U.S...
...Protection of corporate investments, expansion and profit require a stable climate...
...Modern systems of short-term, selected commodity inputs, and training administration and management will be developed through will be provided...
...The long-range goal is to develop a multi-step program with the goal of a unified National the National Police into a modern and efficient civil Police Information and Evaluation System...
...Consequently they have become increasingly less capable of providing either the essential psychological support or the internal security that is their major function...
...DOLL AR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations Expenditures Ur-liquidated OBLIGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Proosed F 19712 Through 6130/70 1 nn7 _ a9 122 Direct Contreac t Total Estimated FY)71 . 88.5 Dirct ConttdCt Contract Total Estimated FY 71 C /--6__ Cost Components AAiD Estimated U S Technicians 40 40 through 6/30/7111 1,153 1,127 26 Participants 19 19 15 15 Future Yea, Estimpated Commodities 80 80 37 37 Obligations Total Cost Other Costs _ 7 7 7 7 Proposed F Y 72 99 107...
...This will assists the Government of Ecuador develop and maintain provide assistance in developing a loan proposal for an atmosphere conducive to increasing domestic and for- equipment and in implementing the first stage of a eign investment and the law and order necessary for a communications modernization plan, the remaining two stable democratic society...
...AID Police Plan for 1971-72 Public Safety programs have been provided on request to countries of the free world when it is in the U.S...
...Course of Action: The roughly the same level...
...In the admiring words of Kiwanis gazine: While giving assistance to police from the Bolivian jungles to Iran's snowy mountains, Public Safety advisors have been threatened, ambushed, shot and bombed...
...Six OPS advisors in the Dominican Republic in 1967 were later discovered to be CIA agents...
...Weight: 2 lbs...
...emphasis added-NACLA) .J "OPS exerts global influence vastly disproportionate to its small size...
...Colombia PROJECT DATA TABLE II1 PROJECT TITLE ACTIVITY FUNDS Public Safety Public Safety PRIOR REFERENCE INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINAL OBLIGATION PROJECT NUMBER 514-11-710-066 P. 90, FY-1971 LA P.D.B...
...Progress to Date: A police communications network has been established, is well-maintained and has demonstrated a high degree of reliability...
...Utilizing Public Safety Assistance funds, members of the police force have been trained in the use and maintenance of all A.I.D...
...1962 FY 1974 Project Target and Course of Action: To assist in modernizing and improving Montevideo and interior police departments so that they will be better able to maintain law and order and to control subversion...
...Urban riot control techniques are now generally satisfactory...
...provide for communication from every state to Brasilia as well as limited intra-and inter-state communications...
...The present task, and that for the future, is to select, train, organize and administer an increasing number of police throughout Vietnam...
...Mitrione's direct connection with the torture activities was revealed by the former chief of the Uruguayan police service of investigation and information, Alejandro Otero, in an interview with Rio's largest newspaper, Jornal do Brasil...
...The New York Times, July 21, 1970 "Nelson Fonseca, chief criminal judge of Sao Paulo, told newsmen: "The members of the Death Squad are policemen...and everyone knows it...
...Mitrione had also been an visor to the police in Brazil before going Uruguay...
...Mitrione worked in Brazil from 1960 to 1969, excluding a two year interval in Washington where he trained foreign police officers at the International Police Academy...
...Kansas...
...environment conducive to orderly social, political and economical development in Guatemala (1) by improv- FY 1972 Program: The project will continue to emphasize ing and strengthening the organizational/administrative the improvement of police training...
...14 There have been many criticisms of the OPS program, especially where aid has been given to brutal dictatorships...
...and have provided a nucleus of trained officers...
...Why does the U.S...
...We propose, during FY-1972, to continue on-going assistance in four countries in Africa: Congo, Ghana, Liberia and Tunisia, for the purpose of further improving and developing elements of their police institutions...
...The IPA Review is published by the U.S...
...For this reason they are more acceptable than the military for maintaining law and order...
...culture, technology and government " The orientation tours lor Brazil's futwue military leaders consisted mainly of visits to U.S...
...According to a document prepared by the American Committee for Information on Brazil, there was a live classroom demonstration of torture techniques on ten political prisoners at a police center in Belo Horizonte...
...Technical assistance, chiefly through provision of advisors and training grants, will be concentrated in efforts to continue to develop and improve police records and identification procedures, operations of the water police, patrol services, and training...
...A nationwide police communications network identification...
...to further develop national police institutions, particularly the National Police Academy and Telecommunications Center...
...The annual rate of purchase is now $200,000...
...7. 9. Peter T. Chew, "America's Global Peace Officers," The Kiwanis Magazine (April 1969), p. 23...
...Tad Szulc, "U.S...
...Below are briefly documented reports on right wing terrorist groups closely associated with the police forces of three countries: Guatemala, Brazil and the Dominican Republic...
...Through December 1970 a unified communication center was established to improve cooperation and coordination among the police agencies...
...the United States, as well as some commodity support...
...The greatest input of resources is planned for two countries, Vietnam and Thailand...
...REGIONS, COUNTRIES VIETNAM South Vietnam EAST ASIA Korea Laos Philippines Thailand Sub-Total AFRICA Africa (Reg...
...To date, 175 police officers have been trained through IPA facilities in Washington...
...The 59 visitors from the Brazilian Naval War College, at a cost to American taxpayers of $67,090, got a 15-gun salute in San Diego at the Naval Training Center, a tour ,of Universal Studios in Hollywood...
...Among the difficulties the Vietnamese police face is the full scale mobilization into the armed forces that denies them the pool of manpower from which they would normally recruit personnel...
...The rural training program has trained 148 policemen in thO 7 months period since its initiation and has received excellent public acceptance...
...Headphones: Telex model HMY-2 or equivalent, 2000 ohms impedance, stethoscope type...
...Officials understand that it is important to minimize the violence to prevent the polarization of the population and to avoid creating martyrs...
...Power Supply: One 9-volt Duracell MB-1604 Alkaline Battery or equivalent...
...Latin countries see a need for the development of effective civil police institutions, which can maintain internal security Li basic to social, economic and political progress...
...Significant progress man-months...
...and (3) inaugurate a Central Complaint Center in the Capital District (Tegucigalpa, Comayaguela and environs) which will assist the police to respond more effectively to citizens' request for assistance...
...transportation and communications systems, and training of the technicians to operate and maintain such systems...
...arms sales to Latin America set in 1967 and to double this aid in the fiscal year 1972.21 For other NACLA publications documenting and analysing U.S...
...provided resident advisory assistance in thirteen African countries, plus the four mentioned above, making a total of seventeen programs...
...43 commissioned officers and technical specialists have been trained in the U.S...
...Agency of International Development (AID...
...FY 1957 rv 1972 Project Target and Course of Action: To strengthen the 250 participants from both police units have received ability of El Salvador police and security forces to training at the International Police Academy and many provide internal security, protect persons and property, of them now are trainers for in-service countries...
...In addition, the police are often the base for quasi-clandestine right-wing terrorist groups (which operate, in reality, with unofficial government approval), such as "Mano Blanca" and "Ojo por Ojo" in Guatemala, "La Banda" in the Dominican Republic and the "Death Squad" in Brazil (see box below...
...1 6 _- 5 - David Bell, a former director of AID, insists that Public Safety assistance is not given to support dictatorships...
...Africa Liberia and the newly independent countries of Africa, including the Congo, Ghana and Tunisia are experiencing problems attendant to nation building, development of the national economy and national resources, and to satisfying the aspirations of their people...
...The program for FY 72 will have 3 main thrusts: (1) accelerate the highly successful rural training program to provide training for an additional 300 rural police presently without formal police training...
...In addition, the United States is assisting the Combined Telecommunications Directorate to provide and maintain urgently needed communications for security and administrative purposes from Saigon throughout region, province, and district to village and hamlet levels...
...Il Cm U.S...
...Costs VIETNAM 11,148 8,036 492 2,620 EAST ASIA Laos 425 200 30 143 52 Phillipines 800 230 20 550 -Thailand 9,000 1,500 220 7,080 200 Sub-total 10,225 1,930 270 7,773 252 LATIN AMERICA Bolivia 115 60 15 40 -Brazil 174 100 70 -- 4 Colombia 340 167 88 65 20 Costa Rica 198 100 45 48 5 Dom...
...His primary job was to stop the Tupamaros...
...These programs can serve to prepare civil police forces to prevent the development of threats to internal order before they become explosive problems requiring military action...
...19 However, at the same time, the Defense Department, which often works in conjunction with the OPS in police aid, revealed it was planning to double its aid to Brazil...
...Previously, the police were divided among numerous organizations with little representation outside of urban centers...
...Assistance in-country commenced on April 1, 1968...
...communications with the construction and installation of base and mobile facilities and equipment which Commodities: No commodities are programed for FY 1972...
...In the past...
...Among the nations that would receive the increased aid are South Vietnam, the Congo, Tunisia, Colombia, Honduras, Jamaica and Panama...
...impervious to air-pressure shock waves, humidity, mechanical vibration and electrical or magnetic fields...
...Main personnel institutional reforms...
...For U.S...
...Ninety percent of all commodities for which these funds were obligated have been delivered and placed in service...
...It is planned to increase police strength from about 100,000 at present to 124,000 during FY-1972 to allow for assumption of a greater burden in the future...
...Other Costs: Local travel, office supplies and training aids...
...FY 1963 FY 1975 Project Target and Course of Action: To assist the recruit and in-service training programs, as well as National Police improve their capabilities in the completion of the urban, rural and administrative fields of investigations, patrol (rural and urban), communications networks...
...Technicians: One Chief Public Safety Advisor, plus five additional technicians...
...2 participants will be trained in each of the following fields: investigations, patrol, records and identification, and training techniques...
...Secret hearings on the Brazilian operation were held here last month by a Senate Foreign Relations subcommittee...
...Republic 370 210 40 118 2 1 Ecuador 135 88 10 7 30 El Salvador 56 31 15 6 4 Guatemala 377 221 89 60 7 Guyana 99 40 15 37 7 Honduras 171 80 42 36 13 ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS: Jamaica 96 35 40 -- 21 Nicaragua 91 55 16 17 3 AID = Agency for International Development Panama 203 90 62 30 21 CORDS = Civil Operations and Revolutionary Uruguay 225 115 75 25 10 Development Support Venezuela 200 159 32 -- 9 CY = Calendar year Sub-total 2,850 1,551 654 489 156 DOD = Department of Defense FY = Fiscal Year AFRICA IAPA = Inter-American Police Academy Africa (RegTng) 100 -- 100 -- -- IPA = International Police Academy Congo (K) 1,016 400 115 426 75 MACV = Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Ghana 106 68 38 -- -- NESA = Near East, South Asia Liberia 203 140 38 20 5 NP - National Police Tunisia 125 40 20 60 5 OPS = Office of Public Safety (AID) Sub-total 1,150 648 311 506 85 Participant = trainee (at IAPA, IPA or other schools in the U.S., Panama NESA Canal Zone, or a third country) Pakistan 250 165 85 -- -- TDY = Short-term consultant working for AID on a contract basis GRAND TOTAL 26,023 12,330 1,812 11,388 493 /W = Washington, D.C...
...3. "Uruguay: deadlock", Latin America (London), Vol...
...4 short-term advisors (8 man-months) purchased through an Export-Import Bank loan has been for the Crime Laboratory, firearms, records and autocompleted...
...Otero accused Mitrione of having instituted violent methods of repression and torture against the Tupamaros...
...For example, in describing to Congress the 1966 OPS plan for police assistance to the Dominican Republic, AID noted: "The FY (fiscal year)-67 DG (direct grant) assistance proposed...of approximately $720,000 is but 4.7% of the police budget...
...During the course of the conflict in South Vietnam, six have died...
...Police Academy, 1 for the FBI School, 1 to a crime The National Police Crime Laboratory is to be centra- laboratory, 1 for prison management (total of 128 lized and operating by late FY 71...
...Technicians: One fulltime and two short term TDY Public Safety advisors, ($40,000...
...The advisors are now engaged in i teaching mobile patrolling techniques...
...Obviously OPS advisors have hazdous duty...
...2 0 In fact, Nixon asked Congress to remove the $75 million ceiling on U.S...
...ount Dominican Republic PROJECT TITLE Dan IFET UIIMRF Public Safety AR - a n- - PROJECT ACTIVITY I, DATA Public Safety I . .__I...
...This status has been achieved not only by placing our own men in the front lines of combat, as in Indochina, but by taking it upon ourselves to develop, train, equip and indoctrinate the police forces of countries throughout the underdeveloped world...
...and implementation of modern scientific aids...
...Plans to Increase AID to Foreign Police to Help Fight Subversion, The New York Times, June 14, 1971...
...Technical assistance will be management, administration, planning and communications...
...His 19-year-old cousin, who also belonged to a left-wing group, was killed by them a few days later as he sat at home...
...The Washington Post, op...
...tion, and armament...
...4 / July-August 1971 Published monthly, except May-June and July-August, when it is published by-monthly, at 160 Claremont Ave., New York, New York 10027...
...835,000 during the period FY 1966 through CY 1970...
...helicopter patrols...
...Any decision to begin a new project will be contingent upon a formal request for assistance from the Venezuelan Government...
...I CQaliunirn PROJECT DATA TABLE III o.un...
...National Telecommunications Center and National Advisors from December 31, 1971 to June 1972...
...34, August 21, 1970, p. 272...
...Urban areas in Latin America are growing rapidly, while conditions continue to deteriorate (unemployment, housing and food shortages, etc...
...border control measures have Academy for courses in Internal Defense, Police Operations, been strengthened on the Colombian and Costa Rican bord- Investigations, Traffic and Instructor methods, etc...
...Progress to Date: The National Guard has improved their ability to control internal disorders with a minimum of U.S...
...which cost $101,600, included a midnight show at the Stardust Hotel in Las Vegas...
...These three countries received the largest U.S...
...a highway patrol...
...14 oz...
...Resources necessary for effective police control of subversion, violence and crime in rural areas is inadequate in most countries...
...capabilities in disturbance and riot control...
...FOOTNOTES: 1. The data for this paragraph and much of the background for this chapter is from a chapter on police aid in a book on counterinsurgency by Michael Klare, to be published by Alfred Knopf in 1972...
...In October, 1970, he was linked with an alleged rightist terrorist plot aimed at discrediting the new president, Salvador Allende...
...secretary, will work with the Venezuelan National Guard and other police agencies as requested...
...will provide limited amounts of equipment to improve police communications systems, logistics and mobility...
...Leadership Education seminars at the Academy on specialized aspects of police administration, operations and supervision for senior officers, have been increased from one week to two weeks in CY 1971...
...Progress to Date: Following the September 1969 coup, all USAID financed public safety activities Participants: 5 officers 'to IPA- $15,000...
...Because the South Vietnamese police are fighting Vietcong subvision In conjunction with Operation Phoenix, an intelligance-gethering operation directed by Americans, members of Congress have charged that the public-safety program involves the United States In "political assassinations...
...The project was initiated in FY-1971 and will have trained 30 participants from 11 countries during FY-1971 at a cost of approximately $100,000...
...assistance, under the operational direction of MACV/CORDS, seeks to help Vietnam proceed on both the immediate problems of security and the long term institutional development of the police...
...The overall objectives of Public Safety programs in Latin America, while varying from country to country, are focused in general on providing advice, training and limited equipment to the civil security forces to strengthen their (1) capability for regular police operations, (2) effective utilization of their resources in handling internal security threats with minimum force at their earliest phases and preventing disruptive subversive actions, and (3) the development of effective training institutions...
...Other costs: International Travel...
...The present internal situation has become more complicated as a result of the last elections and the recent strife, focused in East Pakistan, has brought assistance efforts to a standstill...
...Economic INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINAL OSLIGATION I FY 1967 _ Y 1973 Project Target and Course of Action: To assist the Government of Jamaica in strengthening the administrative and operational capabilities of the Constabulary...
...Local forces have received extensive training not only in routine police matters, but in paramilitary and counterinsurgency techniques to deal with the threat of internal subversion...
...Vietnam U.S...
...the improvement of urban policing, including the humane control of civil disturbances and riots...
...Participants: 7 to International Police Academy courses...
...Progress has been made on both fronts...
...sicl Commodities: 6 vehicles, training and office equipment...
...Marilyn Berger, "Secret Data on Arms Aid are Released", The Washington Post, July 10, 1971...
...Every South Vietnamese fifteen years or older must register with the government and carry an ID card...
...The geographic divisions of the country and the ethnic differences in its population have been contributory factors...
...I'he Brazilian delegation did not stay in barracks or officers quarters...
...Document: I 1 IDuring fiscal year 1972, Public Safety assistance will be provided to three countries in East Asia...
...i.e., technicians, participants, commodities and other costs...
...There have, unfortunately, been many such instances of the use of police...
...8 Dan Mitrione, who had been chief of police in Richmond, Indiana, and had received instruction at the FBI Academy, was the director of the public safety mission in Uruguay...
...Dimensions: Length: 27" x 3'4" high (exclusive of handgrip) x 1-Y" wide...
...AID clients, have been condemned by the Organization of American States as violators of human rights...
...Manpower development is emphasized in each of the four elements of the program through training of police recruits at the International Police Academy (IPA) in Washington...
...solutions to foreign national problems, but to emphasize basic professional methodology and to concentrate on advising on the management of their own resources effectively toward the development of a viable institution so that outside assistance eventually will not be needed...
...FY-1971 LA P.D.B...
...Furthermore, in July 1971, the State Department announced it was ending its muchcriticized public safety program to Brazil at the end of fiscal year 1972...
...None of the investigations carried out by the police have been completed or made public...
...1 1 With the help of this kind of a system and an elaborate network of roadblocks and checkpoints, government police detained over 153,000 people in 1970 alone...
...US...
...Of the $26.0 million total planned for FY-1972, $12.3 million is for Public Safety Advisors: $1.8 million will be used for training participants and the sum of $11.4 million will be used for vehicles, communications equipment, police-type weapons, and other police commodities...
...At the present time, however, police forces of many countries have not been strengthened as population and great urban growth have taken place...
...A.I.D...
...acoustic mode of operation is interference receiver, yielding a narrow frontal lobe (approx...
...International Police and by commodity support...
...documents investigation (forgery, counterfeiting, tracing) through the Post Office Department 4 and a series of briefings and war games at the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center at Fort Bragg, on the relation between the police and the military in counterinsurgency operations...
...has been made toward the completion of a national radio communications network for the Colombian National Commodities: Communications equipment, investigative Police, as a result of A.I.D...
...Participants: 18 participants to train at International Police Academy...
...hAccordingly, the United States should meet reasonable requests from other hemisphere governments for trucks, jeeps, helicopters and like equipment to provide mobility and logistical support for these forces...
...Delivery of the 1,255 vehicles communications...
...Public gence and central identification services has been noted...
...military bases briefings by American officers and examination of LI S military equipment...
...improvement of law enforcement agencies abilities to is assisting in (1) training qualified civil police in- prevent crime and maintain order with a minimum of force...
...Their primary activity has been assistance in improving the level of training at Bolivia's Police Academy, as well as selecting candidates i for training at the International Police Academy (IPA...
...All 525 junior officers have received the 1 week introductory course and an 8 week intermediate course...
...Proposed FY 1972 Program: U.S...
...Police forces are cheaper to maintain than armies because they do not require expensive hardware such as tanks and planes...
...For the first time, Vietnamese police are to be assigned at the village level...
...UL.I-Z --- ' - *I IAIJ 'lllala VSI -XVI0-1 DESIGNERS AND MANIUFACTURERS OF DETECTION AND IOENTIFICATION EQUIPMENT I -DOcumlent - NOVEMBER 1970/THE POLICE CHIEF system has already been highly developed in South Vietnam, initially through U.S...
...1 7 (meaning "We don't discriminate, some of our friends happen to be torturers...
...The terrorist groups keep the population frightened and intimidated...
...They named Lieutenant Oscar Nunez, the chief bodyguard of the police chief, General Enrique Perez y Perez, as the leader of the gang...
...The FY 1971 Project Agreement was signed as a result Other Costs: In-country travel, local purchases of training materials, vehicles maintenance, miscellaneous expenses, and salaries for four local employees ($30,000...
...In Guatemala for example, a fleet of paddy wagons was shipped to local police shortly before the Arana government declared martial law in November, 1970...
...II-.- /I -UZLI Jr...
...A National Police Planning and Training Office (NPPTO) was established in 1968 to assist in the administrative and organizational reform of the police...
...19, September 18, 1970, p. 457...
...Technicians: Publ~ic Safety Advisors: Chief Advisor (12 months), Rural Advisor (12 months), and Traffic Advisor (12 months...
...Other Costs: Local printing services and TDY Technicians travel costs within the country...
...FY 1972 Program: Training and technical assistance which will be supplemented by some commodities will be provided for the improvement of patrol, riot control, police management, investigations and communications...
...improvements in the National Police have been qualitative rather than quantitative...
...At the 1965 graduation exercises of the IPA, General Maxwell Taylor stated this explicitly: The outstanding lesson [of Vietnam] is that we should never let another Vietnamtype situation arise again...
...The total cost of the FY-1972 program is estimated at $250,000 for the Pakistan Public Safety program of which $165,000 will be used for the salaries and allowances for five Public Safety advisors and $85,000 for participant training of twenty-four police officers in the U.S...
...Technicians: Seven direct hire--Chief Public Safety Advisor, plus six technicians (two in training, Progress to Date: The combined Guatemala Police one each in rural, vehicle maintenance, Academy and maintenance facility for all the police telecommunications, administrative advisory services) is about to be constructed through assistance of A.I.D...
...Chew, op...
...Second-class postage paid at New York, New York.-3Over 2000 officers have received related training at other institutions, such as courses In penology and correctional institutions at Southern Illinois University...
...2. Address by Maxwell D. Taylor, Graduation Exercise, International Police Academy, Washington, D.C., Dec...
...DOLLAR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated OBL IGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Proposed Fy 1972 Through 6,30/71 1,372 11264 108 Estimated F Y 71 200 180 Cost Contract Total irect Contract Total 71_____2________ _Cost_ _Components AID,__ AID Estimated U S Technicians 95 5 100 100 100 through 6/30/71 1,572 1,444 128 Participants 45 45 45 45 Future Year Estimated Commodities 48 48 Obligations Total Cost Other Costs 7 Proposed FY 72 198 150 1,920 Total Obligations 195 5 200 198 198 TABLE III...
...While the project provides a fulltime advisor and TDY technicians as required, the major effort has been in commodity assistance...
...Progress to Date: Under the existing project, U.S...
...rt on the Tupamaros, was kidnapped and later ecuted by the Tupamaros when the Uruguayan vernment refused to release political prisons in exchange...
...With a capacity of 500 recruits in twelve week basic courses and specialized training, some 3,700 policemen will have been trained by the end of FY 1972...
...The national police force in South Vietnam is to be increased this year from 100,000 to 124,000 men, chiefly for Operation Phoenix...
...Specifications Microphone: RF condenser type...
...instal- police records have been centralized...
...Police are interspersed among the population which brings them close to the unrest and facilitates intelligence work...
...A high-ranking official of the Agency for International Development, noting that policesupport programs are to be doubled this year in the Congo, and increased in Tunisia, Colombia, Honduras, Panama and Jamaica, remarked: "The United States i6ecoing ,g world's polIcansh %'the mo precise sense...
...One of their most audacious killings in recent weeks was that of Santiago Manuel Hernandez, a member of the Communist Party who, having been shot in the lung by a police patrol, was abducted from his hospital bed and shot through the head...
...Compared to the overall AID and military assistance budgets of $3.44 billion this is a relatively small amount...
...There is a tendency in the United States to equate the police in the other American republics with political action and repression, rather than with security...
...FY 1972 Program: U.S...
...provided in the areas of investigations, urban and Technical advisery assistance, both long-range and rural patrol, and management...
...D...
...Repression in Montevideo finally became so great that a commission of seven Uruguayan senators met to investigate numerous charges from private citizens of police torture...
...The people harbor suspicion and resentment of the police because of the widespread use of brutality and torture and the elimination of any political opposition...
...Hearings, 89th Congress, second Session (Washington, D.C., U.S...
...6. Taylor, op...
...police assistance has focused on developing police abilities to cope with serious rural and urban violence...
...The hearings revealed an altogether too close identification of the U.S...
...DOLL AR COSTS (In Thousands) Obligations Expenditures Ur.liuidated OBLIGATIONS Estimated FY 1971 Prepoed F Y 1972 Through 61 307 494 439 5 Direct Oiect Contract Total _______ 494 439 __Cost__Components__AID Contract Total AID Estimated EY 71 70 70 Cost Components AID Estimated U S Technicians 30 30 35 35 through l 301 71 564 409 55 Participants 30 30 40 40 Future Year Estimated Commodities Obligations Total Cost Other Costs 10 21 21 Proposed F Y 72 96 80 740 Total Obligations 70 70 96 96 I ____________ ____________ _____________________70 9 6 9 N - '-~~~~~~~--- ------ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ I I~~~~~ I II P lh Y_ I n / I . .I I n71 . A O nCountry: Nicaragua PROJECT TITLE Public Si PROJECT NUMBER 524-11-710-093 PROJECT ACTIVITY ifety DATA TABLE III Public Safety PRIOR REFERENCE P. 168...
...in FY 1969, will continue: emphasis will be on Project emphasis is on the concept of police service strenghtening the Federal Police Department and efforts to the public...
...ahntn D.C.DRa IF'T nATA TABLE III Country: DIIVlCia * *W- .N-r- .. II .1 . PROJECT TITLE ACTIVITY FUNDS Public Safety Public Safety Economic PRIOR REFERENCE INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINALOBLIGATION PROJECT NUMBER 511-11-710-091 P. 177, FY-1971 LA P.D.B...
...The OPS budget request to Congress for 1971-72 is $26 million...
...interests have over $12 billion invested in Latin America...
...Public Safety Advisor...
...Anyone without a card is considered a Viet Cong suspect and subject to arrest...
...dures in both urban and rural areas...
...After independence, the police were seriously lacking in leaders, administrative and operational capability, communications systems mobility and training systems...
...We appreciate now that every young, emerging country must be constantly on the alert, watching for those symptoms which, if allowed to develop unrestrained, may eventually grow into a disastrous situation such as that in South Vietnam...
...training systems...
...Skills in administration, supervision, training budgeting and related support activities must be developed at the same time that the police participate in the very urgent tasks facing Vietnam...
...Ex-participants still on active duty number 135 officers...
...Report's recommendations to President Nixon from Governor Rockefeller following his factfinding trip to Latin America in 1969, p. 51 & 54...
...Advisors ($88.000...
...specialization in narcotics control, patrol methods, 4 Police urban and rural effectiveness has been improved criminal investigation, police records management, since July 1970 using A.I.D.-financed automotive, border control, motor vehicle and radio maintenance...
...Police forces have proved incapable of responding effectively to these threats, and are in need of assistance...
...Additionally, approximately 600 persons received training in the U.S...
...Pakistan has been making a serious effort to build up the police as its first line of defense against threats to internal order...
...and (3) Assist in improving civil police gation capability of DENI...
...limited objectives were achieved and projects ended, except for training of police officers from some countries at the International Police Academy...
...for radios, and other command control equipment for proper communications among the forces...
...and in the I fulfillment of these responsibilities, to employ humane, modern police practices...
...This assistance has been handled by the Office of Public Safety (OPS), a division of the U.S...
...The new technical assistance project approved in January 1971 was based on the findings and recommendations of the survey...
...Latin American police ability to maintain law and order in urban areas is taxed...
...law enforcement agencies...
...Assistance is being provided in organization and police planning, investigation techniques, patrol methods, criminalistics, civil disturbance control, records and identification, instructor training, and communications...
...The immediate problems must be met, but basic to all Public Safety assistance is the development of the police and correctional system to encourage the protection of the rights of all individuals...
...Obligations Total Cost Other Costs 16 16 21 - 21 Proposed FY 72 203 100 1,985 Total Obligations 164 164 203 203 Country:Panama PROJECTountry: Uruguw PROJECT TITLE Public Safety PROJECT NUMBER i28--11-710-l013 PROJECT ACTIVITY DATA TABLE III FUNDS Public Safety PRIOR REFERENCE P. 56, FY-1971 LA P.D.B...
...a total of 739 officers have been trained locally in courses given in Uruguay...
...Planned Police College Loan for Nigeria In the years prior to FY-1972, A.I.D...
...technical assistance, which began in 1966, has helped the Jamaican Constabulary Force make significant improvements particularly in the fields of training, administration, communications, records identification procedures and operations...
...The OPS and the Inter-American Police Academy (IPA--later changed to the International Police Academy) were both established by President Kennedy in 1962...
...We were too late in recognizing the extent of the subversive threat...
...Technicians: 1 U.S...
...This project of an in-depth study of Public Safety needs...
...Other Costs: In-country travel costs and per diem...
...An evaluation of this project was conducted in February 1971, and its recommendations are being reviewed...
...U O-;o...
...At the core of all these arguments is the hope that an effective police force can reduce the need for massive military intervention, thus avoiding future Vietnams...
...As the project progresses and the police commodity inventory approaches acceptable standard, the major emphasis will shift, in terms of dollars spent, to advisory assistance...
...A.I.D...
...North Carolina, Kentucky and Georgia...
...It listed twelve types of torture used by police, including "needless beatings, electric shocks, daily use of psychological torture" and "inhuman treatment" of pregnant 2 women "held as reprisals against relatives...
...and maintain law and order, by assisting these forces in establishing strong preparatory and in-service FY 1972 Program...
...Laos is directly involved in conflict with North Vietnamese and Viet Cong elements in their country, placing a heavy burden on the police for maintaining internal order...
...I -rIU Near East, South Asia Pakistan has been, and is, experiencing serious difficulties and threats to its internal security which have served to inhibit economic and social development, frustrating national efforts at fulfilling the aspirations of its people, particularly its youth...
...2 OPS itself has the power to respond to crises...
...It is expected that for FY-1972, there will be seven advisors in Saudi Arabia...
...Commodities: $37,000 in commodities will be provided for four sub-project activities: (1) patrol operations in both urban and rural areas...
...0 1 U.S...
...A new centralized radio dispatch center Commodities: Training and audio-visual supplies...
...He was executed on August 9th, when the Uruguayan government refused to even negotiate...
...For FY-1972, $11,148,000 in Economic Supporting Assistance funds is proposed for Public Safety in Vietnam...
...Due to the active role of some elements of the National Police in paramilitary operations, DOD supplies and funds such commodities as small arms, ammunition, Vehicles, body armor, barrier-type defense material and communications equipment for the village Hamlet Radio System...
...input of $410,000 FY-1970 Supporting Assistance Participants: Forty police officials to International funds and Guatemala input of $160,000 for the site, Police Academy for general police training course with plus $150,000 for the facility's CY-1971 operations...
...4. The New York Times, August 7, 1970.-9CURRICULUM POLICE STUDIEIS OFFEREI) AT TIHE ACADEMY Police Matlagetle llent The Changing Society Police and National Security Comparative Police Systems Police Management Police Leadership Police Organization Command and Staff Relationships Personnel Police Training Workshop in Police Organization Police Public Relations Police and Modern Society Crime Prevention Police Planning . Police Communications Systems, Management * Logistics * Fiscal :Management e Field Observations Related Traiihg: Firearms Training Unarmed Defense Police Physical Fitness Communication Skills Thesis Program Washington International Center Police Operatioln s Police Patrol Police Communications Systems Investigations Criminalistics Counterfeiting Customs Control Narcotics Control Forensic Medicine Control of Vehicular .Movement Special Operations Border Control Police Intelligence Records and Identification Detention and Confinement Juvenile Delinquency . First Aid Police Patrol * Principles of Police Photography t Field Observations * Offered in Senior Course only t Oflercd in General Course only icterna l SectUsIity Introduction to Internal Security Nature of Insurgency Basic Framework for Counter-Insur- gency Policy Operational Views on Insurgency Introduction to Civil Disturbances Records and Internal Security Planning for Riot Control Riot Control Formations Photography in Civil Disturbances Special Equipment for Control of Civil Disturbances Workshop in Control of Civil Disturbances Police Baton Chemical Munitions Explosives and Demolitions * Environmental Factors of Insurgency * Economic Views on Insurgency *Legal Considerations in Crowd and Riot Control Targets of Insurgency t The Intcinal Security Services t Thc Threat to Latin America t Tactical Communications in Control of Civil Disturbances * Crowd and Mfob Psychology Counter-Insurgcncy Intelligence The Police and Resources Control Terrorist Counter-Measures Causes and Characteristics of Riots Field Instructional Tour International Police Academy Review - January 1967 BRINGING IT ALL BACK HOME OPS has acquired a great deal of experience in dealing with riots, demonstrations and guerrilla warfare in other countries, and some of their experience may be helpful in the U.S...
...tions in the primary areas noted above...
...902 "Gun Type" microphone is a portable, highly directional condenser microphone, complete with selfcontained headphone amplifier, battery power supply, telescopic sight for aiming and visual surveillance of the sound source, and handgrip...
...17, 1965...
...with a repressive government...
...But the agency's request to Congress for $26-million in policesupport funds for the fiscal year 1972, starting on July 1. represents a new approach to subversion...
...radios, riot control and other provided police plus selected training course in Panama Canal Zone...
...The existing public safety project will be terminated by the end of FY 1971...
...the provision of effective police services at the hamlet level...
...A criminal laboratory equipped by A.I.D...
...The Senate Foreign Relations Committee's subcolimittee on Latin America released a hearing transcript containing the Defense Department's accounting of the trips...
...cooperation among many tin American countries is encouraged, especlly along borders...
...Otero said he was replaced two years ago because he "disagreed" with Mitrione...
...George S. Beatty, who runs the orientation program, claims that "'orientation visits provide a unique opportunity to acquaint selected groups of current and future leaders with U.S...
...Both kinds of "aid" are aimed at stabilizing capitalist penetration of Latin America...
...Pentagon's $ Million Junketers WASHINGTON - (UPI) - The Pentagon has spent ,more than $1 million flying future Brazilian military officers to the United States for two-week "orientation tours" that include nightclub shows in Las Vegas, trips to Disneyland, poolside luaus, 15-gun salutes and accommodations in plush hotels...
...4. Ibid...
...Working hand-in-hand with the State Department and the CIA, OPS can anticipate as well as respond to crises...
...As one aspect of Vietnamization, the Vietnamese National Police are called upon to carry a progressively greater burden...
...6 In addition to training received in the United States, Latin American police officers are trained on-the-spot by ninety U.S...
...In justifying continued OPS aid to such regimes, Bell explained,"...the police are a strongly anti-communist force right now...
...Commodities: equipment...
...The emergence of urban guerrillas, notably in Latin America, was a factor in the changing strategy...
...Participants: 26 participants will each receive approximately 3 months training in the U.S...
...Assistance to the Nicaraguan National Guard will be provided to modernize its forces to carry out effectively civil police functions of maintaining law and order and to upgrade the technical proficiency of the civil police contingent units in Managua and in the 16 outlying departments of Nicaragua...
...94701 or Box 57, New York, 10025...
...techniques in the National Guard and DENI, in accordance with their responsibilities...
...Laos, Philippines, and Thailand...
...is in operation and being expanded to include about Other Costs: Technical publications...
...Economic -I INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEOULED FINAL OLIGATION FY 1960 FY 1973 Project Target and Course of Action: Continue the professionalization of the Special Security Corps (CES) enable it to more effectively discharge its responsibilities as a civil police agency and as a first line of defense in internal security...
...L1 U D...
...XCII, No...
...4 The Tupamaros demanded the release of all political prisoners in exchange for Mitrione...
...planning and fiscal measures...
...In addition, by placing the money in strategic areas of police work, such as communications, intelligence and mobility, a great deal of leverage is achieved with a small amount of money...
...the emphasis has been on military assistance wherever there appeared to be a threat to the stability of friendly regimes...
...Department of State, AID OPS,The Role of Public Safety in Support of the National Police of Vietnam (Washington, D.C., 1969), pp...
...Technicians: Three direct-hire Public Safety Advisors...
...Although specific Public Safety assistance in FY-1972 varies from country to country, overall it encompasses the development of leadership, organization and administration...
...1,930,000 of which will be for 64 Public Safety advisors and three American secretaries...
...expanding...
...However, much more needs to be done...
...Department of State, AID, Statistics and Reports Division, Operations Report, Data as of June 30, 1968...
...Some riot control commodities have been brought to Bolivia at the host government's request, in order to help the latter cope with frequent urban turmoil...
...Hearings on this and other aspects of Operation Phoenix are to open June 21 before a House of Representatives subcommittee...
...Ibid., p. 75...
...Programs, however, are being reduced in 13 I.tin-Amerlcan nations...
...modern organization, techniques and FY 72 Program: If police reform and reorganization is principles...
...Progress to Date: A.I.D...
...Continued technical assistance will be given to both the National Police and the National Guard on use of records systems, communications and utilization of patrols...
...DOLLAR COSTS tin Thousands) Obligations Expenlitures Untiqudated OBL IGAT IONS Estimated FY 1971 Proposed FY 197Z Through 6 130/ 7 _ . Direct Direct Estimated F Y 71 118 56 __________________ Cost Components AID Estimated U S Technicians 53 53 55 55 through 6/30171 118 56 62 Participants 4 4 16 16 Future Year Estimated Commodities 1 Obligations Total Cost Other Costs Proposed FY 72 1 91 172 381 Total Obligations l1I I...
...b VI V . I -, PROJECT TITLE ACTIVITY FUNDS Public Safety Public Safety Economic PRIOR REfERENCE INITIAL OBLIGATION SCHEDULED FINAL OBLIGATION PROJECT NUMBER 519-11-710-030 P. 153, FY-1971 LA P.D.B...
...The NPPTO has been a catalytic agent for the restructuring of the police and for Communications and police special safety Miscellaneous costs not chargeable to I I U.S...
...He also felt that the recent Tupamaro violence was in direct response to methods Mitrione had advocated...
...A total of $10,225,000 is requested for the three programs...
...has responded to requests for police assistance and proposes to continue this kind of aid to 15 (fifteen) Latin American countries during FY-1972...
...Program activity has been dropped, however, because of Progress to Date: National Police: Personnel strength failure of the Government of Ecuador to adopt agreed upon remains at 6,176 officers and men...
...GUATEMALA "Foreign diplomats in Guatemala City believe that for every political assassination by left-wing revolutionaries, fifteen murders are committed by right-wing fanatics...
...Attitudes regarding the concept of policing are changing...
...Participants: Sixteen Venezuelan police officials will receive short-term training in the U.S., principally at the International Police Academy in Washington, D.C...
...FY 1972 Program: It is planned to continue a modest program of technical assistance to the Jamaica Constabulary Force with the following elements: U.S...
...Technicians: 3 direct hire technicians (Chief, Investigations Advisor, and Training Advisor) for one year: ($115,000...
...T SECRET ~1EMBARRASSING TOP SEET EMBARRASSING (~~~i~r~l~iBBrnIIIBIlLrlur~ The documents reprinted below are copies of the AID's Office of Public Safety (OPS) budget requests to Congress to cover operations in Latin America during fiscal year 1972 (July 1971-June 1972...
...Self-help contriagainst subversion by supporting development of butions to the program by Brazilian police agencies Federal Police Department capacity to provide training total more than $25 million for construction, and technical support internally and for state police supplies and equipment, and related costs...
...Defense Department funds...
...Mitrione was in charge of the most expensive OPS program in Latin America until he was kidnapped by the Tupamaros on July 31, 1970...
...One national war college tour of 108 students and seven staff members cost $138,160 and took the participants to Oklahoma...
...Communist insurgency in Thailand remains a serious problem and the internal situation in Cambodia and Laos has required a greater concentration of Thai internal security resources in areas continguous to the borders with these countries...
...For full document see NACLA Newsletter, April 1971, p. 26...
...3 A majority of them to date have come from Latin America, but increasingly they are from Africa, Asia and the Middle East...
...As can be noted in the summary charts below, U.S...
Vol. 5 • July 1971 • No. 4
