Exclusive: How U.S. AID Shapes the Dominican Police
Klare, Michael & Goff, Fred
Introduction: When the U.S. Marine forces withdrew from the Dominican Republic in 1924 after eight years of occupation, they left behind a U.S. organized, trained and equipped National Police...
...b) establishing a temporary officer cadet college at the existing Boca Chica facility...
...The responsibilities of the National Police will be expanded to include rural policing tasks now assigned to the military...
...The Scientific Investigation Unit is presently responsible for criminal investigations country-wide...
...Pub...
...PUBLIC SAFETY I I l a) 0) i M F _, g I I I IAID 10201 (714 1. DATA CURIMT ASOF: 2. COOPERATING COUNTRY SECURITY CLASSIFICATIO AUGUST 1966 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC UNCLASSIFIED 517-11-710-021 PUBLIC SAFETY 10...
...In addition, approximately eight investigators will receive third country training in the modern methods of investigation and crime detection...
...The Communications Advisor is helping to establish an improved spare parts procurement system for radio equipment...
...This goal is to be accomplished by the end of FY 68...
...I found myself urging...
...In an apparent misreading of NACLA data, El Nacional identified these advisors as the six CIA advisors Fairchild had referred to in his interview...
...Pub...
...Additional equipping of this section will enable its personnel to furnish technical services in the scientific investigation phase of police operations...
...The Criminalistics Laboratory forms part of the Scientific investigation Division of the National Police...
...Maint...
...Martin, a former journalist and speech writer for Adlai Stevenson and John Kennedy, arrived in the Dominican Republic in March 1962 to find a highly unstable situation...
...We flew in by helicopter and landed in every town that had a baseball field," recalled one Special Forces veteran last week...
...Trained personnel are needed to file information properly and also to classify, search and identify latent fingerprint information...
...The assistance of the United States to the Dominican Armed Forces and to the National Police consists of limited technical assistance and consultative services, besides provision of some equipment and replacements, !Thatever allegation that North American personnel have exceeded their mutually agreed functions is a distortion of the facts.,JD at4 1744" 1. OtAA CUtNT "A Onh c*o*umamet cwv - TVcu CLAY cL, ICATIC September 10, 1965 DOINICAN REPUBLIC_ UNCL.OSIM1D _ 517-1-710?021 PUBLIC SAFETY I. THE ACTIVITY TARGET The goal of this activity is the reorganization of the Dominican National Police as an effective force to preserve internal security and maintain law and order by using modern humane enforcement methods...
...Mun...
...12-gauge shotgun, 10...
...The present Chief of Police is desirous of training the balance of his force and has accepted advice and recomnendations that mobile training teams utilizing some of the available teachers be sent to the police establishments outside of the Capitol...
...B. The National Police Academy was completed and staffed by January, 1964...
...2) FY 68 496 491 (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (40) ( 3) FY 69 482 477 (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (14) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (28) (40) ( 3) 5 5 (2) ( 2) (3) (3) 70 36 (60) (26) (10) (10) 74.5 356.5 (127) (123) Item Replacement Vehicles (Incl...
...Many of these interdependent activities will involve simultaneous training, reorganization, and construc- tion, and are designed to prepare the National Police for the roles and missions described...
...bines, Rifles, Revolvers, Shotguns, Ammunition, Spares Support Radio Spare Communications Parts Tools Motor Veh...
...Records and Identification The objective is to establish a modern records and identification system at the national and local levels...
...This will form a base for selection of the more qualified men for training at the National Police Academy...
...Then we'd fly back to Santo Domingo and report whatever we had learned to the intelligence coordinator, who was a CIA man...
...Mnt.-Motor Maintenance...
...Though these documents cover the specific period from mid-1965 to mid-1967, they also refer to U.S...
...Idi.-Identification...
...This will narrow his span of control and permit him to deal with matters of urgency and relieve him of many minor, time-consuming detailed duties...
...Since many of the weapons of the National Police are in need of repair, the services of a gunsmith on a TDY basis to train a group of gunsmiths will be needed...
...4. El Caribe, March 15, 1971...
...Caliber .30 M1 Carbine, 40...
...The High Command School will usually consist of workshops of one week duration, repeated at intervals, in such matters as budget and finance, police records, personnel, and police administration, as well as capsuled versions of all police disciplines taught enlisted men in basic training...
...In relation to other declarations made by him referring to the work of this mission during the short period evaluated, the Embassy makes the following observations: The economic aid extended by the United States to the Dominican Republic has been and is being offered from one sovereign nation to another...
...This academy has 03 Ln MO 01 -oAD 10204 (744) II...
...A spirit of mutual cooperation is fundamental to this assistance and is no infringement on the sovereignty of either of the two nations...
...Intimidation of opposition activists includes arrests, police beatings, and, in a number of documented cases, the killing or disappearance of known party members -- particularly of the Dominican Revolutionary party and the more leftwing Dominican Popular Movement, or Communist party...
...On March 14, 1971 the Dominican Chief of Police, Enrique Perez y Perez, admitted the United States did have advisors attached to the national police but added that they "do not intervene in the internal operations of the institution...
...Invtg...
...U. S. procurement will consist of replacing overage tear gas projectiles and grenades...
...and NACLA pamphlet "U.S...
...Four student mechanics have attended the motor maintenance course at Ft...
...These men will use visual aid material to train national policemen in basic police subjects...
...2) dividing functional responsibilities into the trilogy of Operations, Intelligence (Special Operations), Administration and Support Departments...
...Training will be further refined to include classical raid, anti-sniper and street fighting techniques...
...Fourteen separate elements or sub-projects of the Public Safety project are listed below, in approximate order of priority...
...ATD will provide local currency for the construction of a range at the National Folice Academy to be used for Basic Training, the Boca Chica College, and the Santo Domin6o region, plus one for *acc of the three other police regions...
...Indications are that disorders may occur frequently in the future, and this riot control force will be utilized to a large degree in order to secure stability and public order during this period...
...The third class is now in training and will graduate shortly...
...Spare Parts) Riot Control Equipment: Tear gas, Special Weapons, Photo Equipment & Supplies Training Aids, Classroom Equipment Training Aids, Office & Classroom Equipment Office Equipment, Typewriters, Files, Drafting Equipment Filing Cabinets, Typewriters, Investigation aids Sub-Activity Motor Veh...
...According to these press articles, Mr...
...David Fairchild, an ex-functionary of the Agency for International Development in the Dominican Republic, by the "North American Congress on Latin America...
...This tends to reduce the unnecessary and premature use of firearms...
...Non-police type units and personnel such as doctors, dentists, and musicians are to be eliminated from the National Police...
...During the recent rebel action the National Police suffered severe losses particularly in the Riot and Crowd Control force which came under concentrated and severe attack during the last few days in April...
...THE ACTIVITY TARGET The Public Safety project under its five year plan for National Police reform is basically unchanged from the E-1 presented in the FY 68 CAP...
...Trng.-Training...
...3. Because of space limitations these are excerpts and not the full documents...
...F. Records Establishment of a national modern police records and fingerprint identification center is essential if necessary information on criminals and statistics are to be available to all law enforcement agencies...
...methods once used by the police in Chicago...
...The problem of leadership education and pro- fessionalization of the police force is the most urgent long-term problem facing the Public Safety Advisors...
...Pub...
...Replacement vehicles are scheduled for procurement at a pre-determined attrition rate of 3 years or 80,000 kms., whichever comes first...
...This division will provide the facilities for the radio and highway patrol force communication needs...
...It was illegal detention, and often worse -- prisoners were sometimes beaten...
...The firearms training program will teach the National Police the proper and timely use of their sidearms...
...Latin American Radicalism (New York, Random House, 1969) pp...
...This will be accomplished by advice and consultation with the top level supervisory rank and through continued exposure of participants to modern methods of police administration during their attendance at IPA courses...
...After this initial training an intensive training program on a regular basis will be adopted to maintain the force at its peak of efficiency...
...THE COURSE OF ACTION The only important changes are in Leadership Education (sub-project 4) and Motor Vehicle Maintenance (sub-project 11...
...G. Customs Control The present customs service is sadly lacking in trained men and knowledge of modern methods and techniques in the detection of smuggling activities...
...Throughout the remainder of 1965, the National Police ceased to be an effective law enforce- ment agency...
...These units have functioned in an excellent manner and performed valuable service during critical periods...
...Invtg.-Investigation...
...Mun.-Municipal) FY = Fiscal Year SA = Supporting Assistance...
...Martin described a talk about the Dominican situation he had with President Kennedy and his aides at the White House in early May 1962: The Consejo had lost control of the street to the mobs . I had thus far been unable to get any help to teach the Dominican police riot control, and I didn't see why we couldn't get a couple of cops from Chief Parker's Mexican squad -- W.H...
...Gulick, Panama...
...These short courses will continue through the first quarter of CY 1967, but are considered as only a stop-gap measure until expansion of the National Police Academy takes place...
...For a description of Chief Parker's notorious Mexican squad see Armando Morales, Ando Sangrando: A Study of Mexican American-Police Conflict, March 1971, Distributed by the Congress of Mexican American Unity...
...No additional funding will be required except as noted in other sub-projects...
...Approximately 450 are in training at this moment...
...Pub...
...It may be worthwhile to pu t this help in some financial perspective...
...For U.S...
...577.5 Abbreviations: Pub...
...3) establishing four regional Directorates in place of the existing ten regions...
...Caliber .30 Ml Gprand, 45...
...organized, trained and equipped National Police force under the command of a young officer named Rafael Trujillo...
...Opposition activities, such as street meetings, are violently repressed by the police...
...Funds for vehicles (including 10% for spare parts) are projected at $581,000 for the period FY 69-71...
...In the last ten years there have been two major instances in which the police forces were decimated and rendered ineffective by popular uprisings: 1) in 1961-62 following the assassination of Trujillo (May 30, 1961) and the collapse of the Trujillo family's governing apparatus, and 2) in April 1965 when a popular uprising attempted to return Juan Bosch's constitutional government to power...
...In FY 67 two CDC companies totaling 280 men, plus a small headquarters staff, were organized and trained...
...He summarized thle role of the police in the 1970 e],a toral camopain as follows: In key provinces, the police chiefs, who are all military officers, are more important organizers of Mr...
...See new Organization Chart, Attachment No...
...Present plans are to refurbish a former Trujillo farm as a new Basic Training complex, utilizing labor of the iP construction battalion, and to use the present buildings at Boca Chica for the new Police College and immediate, broad-gauge Leadership Education of the entire officer staff...
...3. Basic Training-National Police Academy The target is to train a basic enlisted f0rue of 5,000 policemen in ten 12-weeks' courses at the National Police Academy (BPA) to be established at Borinquen...
...A Records & Idenfication Unit has been formed, including a Crime Statistics Unit which has published two bi-monthly statistical reports, and one annual report...
...The FY-67 DG assistance proposed in this E-1 of approximately $720,000 is but b.7% of the Police budget...
...This unit conducts investigations, secures evidence and apprehends suspects accused or suspected of committing robbery, burglary, theft, forgery and other related crimes, excluding homicide...
...5. Firearms Training The objective is to equip the police with standard police type weapons and to train them in the use of these weapons to counter threats to law and order and internal security...
...We are still engaged in building a police establishment that can respond to the needs of law and order so necessary for stability in the Dominican Republic...
...Pub...
...Balaguer's re-election campaign than the local chairmen of the President's Reformist party...
...public safety advisors in Latin America as they were listed in the State Department's Foreign Service List...
...Though the overall amount of U.S...
...Traffic...
...E. A homicide division has been inaugurated and is under the direction of the Commander of the Scientific Investigation and Records Division...
...A substantial upgrading of police force capabilities will be accomplished, mostly by in-country training...
...This information was taken from the NACLA Newsletter of January 1971 (p...
...objectives it provides the necessary leverage...
...ATA CURKT OS on IL ooPurATING COUNTRY ICu CLAPICATION 5 17U September 10...
...The Police budget was $15.1 million or 7.4...
...Pub...
...Perez y Perez's statement was in response to publication in E1 Nacional on March 15 of the ,ames of six AID public safety advisors in the Dominican Republic as of October 1971...
...PROGRESS TO DATE A limited AID Public Safety Program with one advisor was established in May 1962 to assist in establishing a civil disturbance control force for Santo Domingo...
...Embassy Reacts to NACLA Interview The following is a translation of the statement released by the U.S...
...Educ.-Education...
...Participants at IAPA and IPA courses are versed in the use of firearms instruction and have been and will continue to be utilized as instructors for this training...
...He is desirous of adopting sound administration practices that will establish the authority and responsibility of his immediate staff...
...For the sake of clarity, the order of certain sections has been changed, though the identifying headings remain as they appear in the original...
...a realignment of frequencies was realized based on the recommendations of the survey teahtiS/W...
...Most of the equipment belonging to this force was appropriated by the rebels when they took command of the Fortaleza Ozama, headquarters of this unit...
...Power and the Dominican Republic", Horowitz, de Castro & Gerassi (eds...
...police aid to the Third World: September 1970, November 1970, and January 1971...
...Benito Moncion, graduate and guest instructor at IAPA in Panama, has utilized other graduates of IAPA in conducting the police training programs...
...The repeater site now has automatic and voice relay capabilities, and standby equipment, including generators, now is available for emergency use...
...Statistical data, pin maps, MO data, and trained personnel must be employed in order for this division of the National Police to properly perform its function...
...0 0) uWtJ O O (P - IAID 1020 197 64 DATA CURRENT AS OF 2 COOPERATING COUNTRY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUGUST, 1967 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC UNCLASSIFIED 517-11-710-021 PUBLIC SAFETY I. FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS (Amounts in thousands of dollars) Development Grant Personal Services Direct Hire Chf...
...Police Admin...
...O 0) o 0 5. -D 0 * 0O C 3AID 102-1 (7-641 .11 DATA CURRENT AS OF: 12...
...One example of the thoroughness with which the CIA conducts its business on the island is illustrated in a recent Newsweek article on the Green Berets...
...However, at present, many units are in a state of disrepair resulting in decreased mobility...
...These will be accessible to all ranks...
...The first is Overtaken By Events, the revealing account of President Kennedy's ambassador to the Dominican Republic in 1962-3, John Bartlow Martin...
...Investigations Fingerprint File Cabinets Records & Ident...
...G. The records and identification division has been prepared and is now furnishing identification information to law enforcement agencies...
...However, some audio-visual material will be required...
...DATA CURNTY AS o: 2. COOPERATING COUNTRY ISECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUGUST 1966 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC UNCLASSIFIED 517-11-710-021 Police Academy...
...The Nati-nal Police Academy will be the site of the initial training of 100 rounds per weapon per man for 5,000 students...
...On-the-job training classes are being formed to improve the skills of the police mechanics...
...In addition to this, the National Police Academy has been completed and is fully staffed with United States trained participants...
...in 1965, Green Berets played a secret -- and previously undisclosed-- role in America's intervention in the Dominican Republic...
...5 Firearms Training and includes special ammunition requirements...
...duplication of effort and overstaffing will be eliminated...
...9. Martin, p. 100...
...7. Rural/Municipal Policing The objective of this sub-project is to establish effective police patrol activities in rural areas and towns and cities outside the capital, and to establish a police presence in rural areas where it is now non-existent, to take over patrolling now being done by the military, and to gather intelligence on potential of rural insurgency threats...
...GODR CONTRIBUTIONS The GODR has provided facilities for a modern criminalistics laboratory, a records and indentification bureau, a communications network, scientific and homicide investigation division and a garage repair shop facility...
...In both cases the United States government saw the collapse of the police force as a threat to U.S...
...The Leadership Education sub-project, only generally described last year, has been further refined to include: (a) giving priority to training of about 500 junior officers...
...Thereafter, each weapon will be fired at the rate of 50 rounds per mar per yea- in the regional in-service training programs...
...The GODR has replaced some of the original police radio patrol cars and will add to its fleet as soon as funds are available...
...V. ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE A. TDY technicians were brought to the Dominican Republic in June, 1962, to train the National Police in riot and crowd control techniques...
...3. Firearms training is also a part of the self defense program...
...D. Communications The National Police has constructed a communications system that reaches all parts of the Republic in a rapid and efficient manner...
...Pub...
...E. Investigation The Investigation Department of the National Police operates in an inefficient, time consuming manner due to reliance on old methods of police procedures...
...Construction of the new National Police Academy at Borinquen was initiated in December, 1966, but is behind schedule because of delays in funding, and conflicting demands for the use of the NP Construction Battalion...
...Rural rapid reaction forces are not included in these goals or in this project...
...The major ingredient contributed by GODR will be a staff of clerical and technical employees designated for training and operations...
...A Police College is essential to attra:' qualified young men as police officers, and to train them in the broad field of police manage-mnt - as opposed to the former program of military training...
...There, if a policeman saw an ex-convict or a known hoodlum on the street, he picked him up "on suspicion", took him to the station, held him the legal limit, then released him -- only to raid his flat that night, rout him out of bed, and start all over...
...The radio communications system has been surveyed, and deficiencies in equipment and maintenance are being reduced by the purchase of spare parts and tools...
...The police construction battalion will provide labor and equipment for a planned renovation of an old Trujillo farm at Borinqouen, transforming it into the new Police Academy, with AID supply Zi g local currency for construction materials...
...Civil Disturbance Control weapons acd percentages per policeman will be: Revolvers and carbines, the same...
...Safety measures will be stressed as well as accuracy, and it is believed that this training will obviate the use of heavy weapons by the police...
...For Project Phoenix see articles by Peter Kann, The Wall Street Journal, September 5, 1968...
...Criminal investigation, radio communications system, and expansion and maintenance of the motor vehicle fleet have also received AID support under this project...
...THE COURSE OF ACTION Achievement of the target will be accomplished by training designed to develop an esprit de corps that will enable correction of deficiencies which make it difficult for the police to perform their duties in the proper manner...
...249-291 and "U.S...
...This type of training will instill confidence in National Police personnel as it provides effective methods of controlling recalcitrant prisoners...
...3 When NACLA first published ex-AID officer David Fairchild's statement that AID was advising the Dominican police and that)of the 18 U.S...
...C. A police radio network which provides complete communication facilities with outlying areas of the Republic was established during the latter part of 1962...
...The force is being reassembled and is again receiving basic training...
...Police Firearms Training Other Costs (Local travel, misc...
...TOTAL Less SA TOTAL DEVELOPMENT GRANT ( 8) (5) ( 5) FY 68 (180) FY 69 ( 12) (191) ( 10) ( 10) ( 5) ( 11) ( 5) ( 3) ( 2) ( 2) ( 1) ( .5) (.5) ( 7) ( 3) ( 1) ( 3) ( 1) ( 1) ( 10) 3.0 94 3.5 300...
...COOPERATING COUNTRY SECURITY CLASSFICATIO I AUGUST 1966 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC UNCLASSIFIED 517-11-710-021 | PUBLIC SAFETY I. THE ACTIVITY TARGET The broad objective of the Public Safety Program is to develop the National Police into a modern, professional law enforcement organization, capable of maintaining law and order and of constituting an effective first line of defense against subversion...
...A direct hire S. S. 'echnician will be required the first pear, and as the NP capability expands he may be shared part-time by other USAID Missions...
...50% after FY-67) Commodities to be purchased will include weapons ($350,000), Vehicles ($570,000), books and training aids for the Police College, and some minor equipment...
...The civil disturbance control force was decimated during the early days of the revolution...
...Many crimes of equal importance but involving ordinary citizens and circumstances are not investigated due to lack of availability of trained investigators...
...smuggling has diminished to a level of almost zero and the NP contraband section has been drastically reduced...
...USAID/DR has made available limited quantities of commodities to equip this record center...
...PROGRESS TO DATE While USAID is laying the base for a long-range program of police reform, education and training, additional police are now being trained in civil disturbance control (CDC...
...This force level goal has the limitation of being established from an in-house study...
...Five Public Safety Advisors arrived in January, 1966, to begin an emergency civil disturbance control training course...
...In the USAID effort to initiate leadership education and professionalization of the police (the most critical task ahead), three broad-gauge seminars were held in FY 67 for most of the senior officer staff...
...Parker was Chief of Police in Los Angeles...
...1. Civil Disturbance Control After a hard-core force of 800 men is fully trained in FY-67 for duty in the capital and other urban areas, continued in-service training in FY's 68-71 will be required to maintain peak efficiency...
...Public Safety Advisor (Chf.-chief...
...However, a retraining program has been undertaken at the Campo Independencia to train the remaining members and recruit additional personnel...
...On the 5th of January the U.S...
...Major self-help aspects will involve refurbishing the National Police headquarters control center radio room in the capital, and the local procurement of maintenance supplies...
...Effective liaison with the administration of the National Police Academy at Boca Chica has been established...
...Cm.-Communication...
...Fairchild has given a number of personal opinions on the political and economic situation in the Dominican Republic existing at that time...
...This will be expanded to include other police records such as traffic reports, cedula (ID) information, and accident and violation and other related information...
...field contact of this kind was supposed to be avoided...
...We propose to assist the GODR in planning and carrying out a complete structural reorganization uf the National Police...
...Agreement has been reached with the new Chief of Police for the immediate establishment of a separate, self-supporting civil disturbance control unit at Santo Domingo, with a tentative goal of 800 men by the end of FY-67...
...Embassy in Santo Domingo on January 5, 1971 as reprinted in El Nacional of March 15, 1971...
...In September and October 1965, USAID consultants confirmed the need for an accelerated program of training and commodity procurement for the police, and the re-constitution of the civil disturbance control force...
...4) National Police adoption of the management concept of operations and staff functions...
...1965 DMINICAN REPULBIC | UNCLASSFIED I 517-11-710-021 PUBLIC SAFETY graduated 200 students...
...DATA CURRENT AS Or 192...
...23) which published a list of U.S...
...This agency guy walked right up to one of our officers outside a town on the coast, gavd him a sack full of money and told Police- 20 - him to develop a network of agents...
...Embassy in Santo Domingo released a statement commenting on the interview (see box...
...Military and Police Operations in the Third World" (50c...
...Additional commodities and trained technicians will do much to enhance the police image in the nature of the services provided...
...Readers will notice that the document reprinted below in several instances cites the development of a "humane" and "professional" police force as one of its main goals...
...All international travel and local salaries of participants and family allowances will continue to be paid by the GONR during training periods...
...Ever since then, with few exceptions, the National Police has been one of the principal instruments of government repression...
...ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS: AID = Agency for International Development FY = Fiscal Year GODR = Government of the Dominican Republic IAPA = Inter-American Police Academy IPA = International Police Academy NP = National Police OPS = Office of Public Safety (AID) Participant = Dominican trainee (at IAPA, IPA or other schools in the U.S., Panama Canal Zone, or a third country) TDY = Short-term consultant working for AID on a contract basis /W = Washington, D.C...
...Photo Darkroom Equipment, Air Cond., Chemicals, Film & Photo Paper Special Copy Lights, Dehumi-Spares Support, Off-set Film & Plates, Chemicals Filing Cabinets Construction Equipment, Bulldozer, Cement Mixer, Block-making Forms & Equip...
...It should come as little surprise that the CIA is active in "pacifying" a politically unstable situation such as the one which currently exists in the Dominican Republic...
...20 August 1966...
...Under the Motor Vehicle Maintenance sub-project, it has become clear, for GODR budgeting reasons, that AID must continue procuring replacement vehicles for the period FY 69-71 if the National Police are to maintain their mobility...
...The Criminal Investigation Division has been reorganized, and a training program for 46 investigators was implemented during FY 67...
...Recent installation of a repeater station at Monte Cristi directly links all parts of the Republic...
...This identification furnishes criminal information to the other investigative units of the police...
...An additional class will graduate during the month of September, 1965...
...The CDC force has contained every incipient riot situation arising during the year with minimum use of force, and without the necessity of using even one teargas grenade...
...The following are the major areas in which progress is necessary in order to accomplish the objectives of the Public Safety projects A. Administrative and Organizational Reforms The National Police is in need of reform in order to establish a distinct chain of coordination and command...
...Civil Disturbance Basic Training Leadership Ed...
...2. In addition to riot control training, an expanded and intensive instruction program in all phases of self defense will be conducted at the Campo Independencia...
...Although new in the position and not yet aware of the total magnitude of police reforms needed, the new Chief of Pclice has a history of receptivity to USAID/PSD advice, and has quickly implemented recent suggestions...
...I 1J 03 rAID 104 174) |1...
...6. Police Administration The objective is to replace the current police administration structure with a new streamlined version more suited to modern, professional policing roles and missions...
...governments...
...This is alluded to in the document (under the 1966 plan): The total CY [calendar year] 1966 GODR [Government of the Dominican Republic] operating budget was $204.8 million, of which the Armed Forces took $32.3 million or 15.8 %. The Police budget was $15.1 million or 7.4 %. The FY [fiscal year] -67 DG [direct grant] assistance proposed in this E-1 [first estimate] of approximately $720,000 is but 4.7 % of the Police budget...
...THE COURSE OF ACTION A. To accomplish the main objective, a number of self- help reforms must accompany AID technical and commodity assistance...
...A 30% overall reduction in reported major crimes has been reported since July, 1966...
...Pub...
...B. Riot Control and Self Defense Training 1. Riot Control Training This type of training was inaugurated during mid1962 and resulted in a quick return to law and order in the downtown section of Santo Domingo where daily riots and disorders were not uncommon...
...A week or two later two excellent Spanishspeaking Los Angeles detectives arrived in Santo Domingo...
...Pub...
...The Academy has trained two classes since its inception in January, 1964, one year before scheduled opening in January, 1965...
...D. In March, 1963, a radio patrol service was established...
...Invtg...
...A total of 80,000 fingerprints have been filed in FY 67, only 20,000 short of the goal established...
...As of July 31, 1966, 1,541 police had completed this short course...
...Criminalistics Laboratory Training Aids Rural/Mun...
...advisors can use small amounts of aid to produce a great deal of impact or leverage...
...Rural Pub...
...7. Newsweek, August 25, 1969, p. 31 . The longstanding tie-up between the Green Berets (Special Forces) and the CIA has been described by Fletcher Prouty, an Air Force Colonel who was in charge of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's liaison with the CIA...
...Pub...
...Dep.deputy...
...This unit has performed far beyond expectations and was instrumental in making the police image more favorable...
...and (c) constructing a permanent cadet college and High Command School on the Borinquen property...
...FOOTNOTES 1. For background to this article see two past NACLA articles on the Dominican Republic: Fred Glff and Michael Locker, "The Violence of Domination: U.S...
...aid to the police is small in relation to the total police budget, it is concentrated in such strategic areas as communications, intelligence, training and riot control where the U.S...
...This will include (1) establishing a new administrative organization at central headquarters...
...This will result in less personnel assigned to foot patrol and other fixed posts...
...II...
...The total CY1966 GODR operating budget was $204.8 million, of which the Armed Forces took $32.3 million or 15.8...
...Balaguer has a rather poor record of public candor and since the CIA does not customarily inform the president of a country about its operations there...
...A shaky U.S.-backed provisional government, the Consejo de Estado, was in power...
...The Fairchild interview, which appeared in the NACLA Newsletter of November 1970, was translated and published in full in the Dominican daily El Nacional on December 31, 1970...
...The motor vehicle maintenance shops, under the supervision of a Public Safety Advisor, have reduced the number of deadlined vehicles by 85...
...Pub...
...Firearms training, except for the Civil Disturbance Control sub-project, will be based on the following weapons and weapons percentages per policeman: Caliber .38 revolver, 100...
...8 Even such a staunch civil libertarian as Ambassador Martin found himself advocating repressive tactics for use against what he called Castro/Communists...
...In laymen's language this means that too much brutality -- overkill -- is counterproductive...
...12-gauge shotgun, 20...
...Any reduction in the program would of necessity have a direct effect upon the capability of the National Police to carry out their assigned tasks...
...By September, 1962, seven hundred policemen had received basic training in civil disturb- ance control, and limited equipment was provided...
...Though it was necessary because of continuing transfers to train 1,500 additional men over the next year and a half, the force was effective in maintaining order by use of non-lethal, humane methods of crowd control through April, 1965...
...This sub-project will include establishment of (1) central fingerprint files, (2) central records files of standard reports and indexes for criminal and subversive activities, (3) a uniform crime reporting system, and (4) a standard "Identification and Records Manual...
...643.5 ( 2) 3.0 877.5 300...
...5. Ultima Horas, March 17, 1971 6. For the MSU case see Robert Scigliano and Guy H. Fox, Technical Assistance in Vietnam: The Michigan State University Experience, (New York, Praeger, 1965) p. 21...
...Given past practice, some or all of them could very well be...
...objectives it provides the necessary leverage...
...An effective mobile force will provide much needed police services in rural areas, as well as traffic control and investigation capability...
...This training will be coupled with technical guidance and assistance and necessary commodities and will furnish the basis for a wellcoordinated program designed to produce results rapidly...
...The Embassy has no comment whatsoever to make on these personal opinions...
...Trng...
...These administrative and functional reforms will be reflected in a "Manual of Organization" setting out the new organization and duties and responsibilities of each unit, and a "Manual of Administrative Procedures" incorporating unit operational procedures, and rules of conduct...
...Pub...
...Communications This sub-project is designed to improve maintenance of the existing police communications system through FY-68, and to expand somewhat communications support of rural policing operations through FY-71...
...Since that time the base stations have increased to a total of 41 from an original installation of 20 bases...
...Due to their heavy work load in the capitol and its suburbs, only crimes that are of a very serious nature or that involve well-known persons or unusual brutality are investigated...
...AID in the Dominican Republic: An Inside View", NACLA Newsletter, November 1970 (interview with David Fairchild...
...interests and was the primary force behind re-establishing the power and effectiveness of the police...
...The balance of the police force will receive basic Civil Disturbance Control during basic training at the N I mI' 1D O 0) 0) 0 O FnAID 10WQ4 474 17...
...The services of a criminal laboratory consultant will be utilized to advise and direct the establishing of the laboratory so that the most effective and proper use is made of the raterials provided...
...The expansion of this division along with a contemplated highway patrol service has been planned by the present Chief of Police...
...About $100,000 is scheduled for participant training...
...The separate elements of this project are interrelated and self-reinforcing...
...The services of a technician on a TDY basis will be necessary to advise this service in the most effective manner in which to utilize the existing radio net when additional units are placed in service...
...Five rural training teams, composed of three Dominican police officers each, have been trained to give a three-week course in basic police subjects to National Police in rural areas...
...There is no need to use a rifle when a club will do the job just as well...
...When civil libertarians such as Martin are advocating illegal detention and beatings, what are veteran police advisors advocating...
...Idi./Rec...
...The revamping ard staffing , f ntis init will be accomplished by utilizing the services of a particiriar:t trained at the FBI Academy...
...Educ...
...A limited 40-hour course of supervisory training was also given to 15 police executives...
...Joseph B. Treaster, The New York Times, October 1, 1969...
...and James P. Sterba, The New York Times, February 18, 1970...
...public safety advisors in the country during 1965-67, six were actually CIA agents, the reaction in official U.S...
...This statement carried little weight as an indicator of what was really happening in the Dominican police force since Mr...
...Direct hire staffing will remain the same with the exception of the Communications Advisor...
...03 C~ ONAID 1020 117 64 1 DATA CURRENT AS OF 12 COOPERATING COUNTRY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION -. AUGUST, 1967 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC UNCLASSIFIED 1517-11-710-021 PUBLIC SAFETY III...
...They trained the Dominican police in riot control, gave them nightsticks, tear gas, and gas masks, and white helmets -- they later became known as the Cascos Blancos, white helmets -- and in a few weeks the Consejo rewon the streets, thanks almost entirely to these two detectives...
...11-19...
...The intense U.S...
...training of Dominican police o'vet the last five years appears to have produced <t a humane police force, but rather, a more effec-:t e -(resrsive force for the Balavuer and U.S...
...THE COURSE OF ACTION A. (1) A reduction in the force level from an authorized strength of 9,698 as of January 1, 1966, to 8,774 as of June 30, 1966, to 7,266 over a five-year period beginning in FY-67 is planned...
...Also see the following NACLA Newsletters for information on U.S...
...This is rather frankly documented in at least two sources...
...A Records and Identification Unit has recently been started, and uniform crime reporting is in the process of development...
...A limited 40-hour course of supervisory training for 15 police executives was given in January, 1966...
...burglary incidence has been reduced 60% since July, 1966...
...police aid as far back as 1962 and project future assistance into 1971...
...integrated investigation service in order to achieve maximum results and eliminate duplication of effort by the different investigative bodies...
...The Embassy was commenting on the interview NACLA conducted with David Fairchild (published in the Newsletter of November 1970...
...It is unclear whether the six advisors whose names were listed were affiliated with the CIA...
...2 The second source which documents how the United States was the primary force behind reestablishing the power and effectiveness of the police is published below in the form of documentary excerpts from three official U.S...
...A pilot project implementing the first 140 man company has already begun...
...He'd show it to [Ambassador Ellsworth] Bunker . They'd erase the Special Forces heading on the report and type in 'CIA' and send it to the White House...
...Regulation of illegal imports is of vital concern to the Dominican economy inasmuch as rrucn of the revenue derived by the Government is from import duties...
...2. John Bartlow Martin, Overtaken By Events (New York, Doubleday, 1966) p. 122...
...Rural 2 Secretaries Local Secretary Contract (Short-term Consultants) Police College Civil Disturbance Control Participants 20-33 International Police Academy (U.S.-4 months) 4 Vehicle Maintenance, Panama4 months Commodities 3 Item Sub-Activity Weapons:Car- Firearms Trng...
...For U.S...
...In addition, books, pamphlets and film concerning all phases of modern law enforcement policies and practices will be provided...
...I. Training The National Police is engaged in an expanding training program...
...8. The New York Times, March 29, 1970...
...The advisor is conducting driver training courses which will reach all 400 drivers within a short time...
...The Embassy of the United States of America has seen various articles in the press describing an interview with Mr...
...By manning the units with personnel trained in the first aid techniques, this force will be capable of assisting the general public and winning their confidence...
...however, additional commodities will be necessary to modernize and expand its operation...
...Trng...
...These items must be replaced on a priority basis to ensure availability of their strength during the interim period when disorders are most likely to occur...
...See articles by L.Fletcher Prouty in the New Republic, August 30, 1969 and the Washington Monthly, May 1970, pp...
...But that was unusual...
...Further expenditures are being made by the GODR in modernization and expansion of two target ranges for firearms training, audio-visual aids and printing shop, office space, supplies, equipment, stenographic assistance, as needed, and transportation for AID technicians...
...Services provided at the present are routine and not of a highly technical or skilled nature...
...Weaponry is included under No...
...2. Rural Training Teams Basic minimal training will be continued for enlisted men in rural areas through the third quarter of FY 67, when the five training teams will have completed the instruction of all rural police under this shortterm activity...
...As a result of this action the morale of the National Police reached a low point, and considerable effort will be needed to develop this force to its former effectiveness...
...Additional police are now being trained in civil disturbance control while planning for a long-range program of police reform and training takes place...
...Nationwide radio coverage has been improved by the elimination of one net and the expansion of another...
...Pub...
...The police units will be reorganized within the four regions, continuing training of rural police, further mechanization of patrol functions, and increasing depth in communications...
...Office and specialized filing equipment will be required...
...This force was the subject of a severe and concentrated attack during the recent revolution which effectively eliminated the unit as a riot control force...
...An increase in participant training at the International Police Academy is necessary in FY 68 because of the time lag required to establish the High Command School, and the importance of getting a core of IPA trained officers as soon as possible to promote necessary reforms...
...Books, pamphlets and film, ordered from RTAC, will provide technical material to the ranking sunervisory personnel of the National Police...
...The nucleus of this training program is the National Police Academy located at Boca Chica...
...It is hoped to begin re-construction and academic preparation of the Police College at the Boca Chica site in FY-67, with classes starting in FY-68...
...Since taking office the new Chief of Police has not had either opportunity or freedom of action to streamline his organizational procedures...
...This training had continued and expanded and had become a regular part of the recruit training...
...One assessment of the police given recently by veteran New York Times Latin America correspondent Juan de Onis points this out...
...1) See Classified Section (Below) B. A total, integrated police program is necessary to accomplish the project objective...
...Included in this reorganization will be a reduction in the number of police administrative regions from ten to four, (Santo Domingo, Santiago, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris...
...and Dominican circles was immediate denial...
...The interview was translated and published in full in El Nacional on December 31, 1970...
...These students have been given courses in all basic police subjects, utilizing as teachers officers trained at IAPA (Panama) and IPA Washington, D. C. The teaching staff at the academy is adequate under the present enrollment...
...According to these press reports, Mr...
...Leadership Education The objective of this sub-project is to begin immediately a permanent High Conand School, which can ultimately serve as a nucleus for a two year Police College for police officer cadets...
...Fairchild commented widely on topics relating to the alleged relations of this mission with various entities of the government of the Dominican Republic, between April 1966 and September 1967...
...time after time harassing him, hoping finally to drive him out of town...
...Dep...
...Future Year Funding - Approximately $1,750,000 additional will be required through FY-71 to complete this project...
...Two days after Perez y Perez's statement President Balaguer himself felt pressured to deny to the press that the CIA was operating in the Dominican Republic advising police...
...Emergency procurement of gas masks, plastic shields, riot shotguns, ammunition and radio- equipped vehicles was effected...
...7 The documents below illustrate beyond a doubt that the United States is heavily involved in the internal operations of the police...
...Then, smiling nostalgically, he added: "Once there was an open contact in the field between us and the agency...
...Trng...
...COOPERATING COUNTRY SECUR1TY CLASSIFICATION September 10, 1965 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC UNCLASSIFIED 1 7-11-710-021 PUBLIC SAFETY C. Patrol The radio patrol division has been in service since March, 1963...
...Two courses in fingerprint classification and filing have been completed with a total of 70 students...
...The tentative goal of 800 trained CDC policemen has been moved forward to the end of FY 68 because of delays in organizing CDC companies...
...For rural policemen , 5 rural training teams of 3 Dominican officers each provided an interim 2-week basic courses for 2,500 policemen...
...AID Project Budget Submission reports...
...Maint...
...The investigators were trained under AID sponsorship in El Salvador...
Vol. 5 • April 1971 • No. 2
