The Jews of San Francisco
Gordon, Suzanne
THE JEWS OF SAN FRANCISCO SUZANNE GORDON IN 1943,1400 OF THE 2500 MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR JUDAISM CAME FROM SAN FRANCISCO; TODAY THE ISSUE IS HOW MUCH MORE SUPPORT THE FEDERATION...
...I always go out of my way to explain that there is no such thing as a Jewish vote, and that there are many points of view in the Jewish community...
...Delia Ehrlich confronted this for the first time when she went to college in the East...
...What Delia Ehrlich discovered was that the conduct she had considered normal in San Francisco—dating Christian boys, having Christian friends— was considered inappropriate...
...The children of gentiles he has nothing against...
...I wonder, is all this revival merely a Jewish est...
...They had almost a purely formal association with Judaism," he says...
...Compromise was the most destructive force in Jewish life in the last 100 years," Lipner says...
...The Orthodox leadership felt it was the only major city in the country without an intensive tradition of Jewish education...
...Back East, if you're Jewish, part of you is always up on the ceiling watching, saying 'do that, don't do that, whoops, next time don't do that,'" Ullansky adds...
...With the demise of McAllister Street, due to urban renewal, it is as though the East European neighborhoods had never existed...
...Intermarriage, not adhering to the laws of Shabbat, not adhering to the most cherished and ingrained aspect of Jewish life which is Jewish knowledge and Jewish education...
...he adamantly asserts that the only place a Jew can truly be Jewish is in Israel, while she argues that American democracy and the Jewish sense of social justice have meshed extraordinarily well...
...I thought they were helping us for the greater glory of Judaism...
...He likes to think that he can do things that politicians and diplomats and world leaders have failed to do, like bring peace to the Middle East...
...But again, because the Eastern transplants that were to swell the ranks of the Los Angeles Jewish community went South (or directly to the suburbs) after World War II, their spirit was never renewed...
...I'm very resentful of this because I'm not an anti-Semite...
...Why did Jews need a Jewish state...
...Why, my mother went to a party and she said there were only Jews and she said she couldn't believe such a thing...
...They come in so strongly and they clump together...
...What chutzpah\ They're my people too...
...Fleishhacker says...
...A Jewish mother explains that she wanted her children to escape the problems in the city's junior high schools, so she sent her daughter to a Catholic school...
...And this is, of course, very foreign to me...
...Plus he likes to think of himself as a real force in international politics...
...His temple, the wealthiest and most important in San Francisco, stands at the head of Arguello Street, a monument to the time when Reform Jews made their temples look like churches...
...But, of course, Jews are known to do remarkable things with deserts...
...It was a difficult experience...
...This anti-Zionism continued even in the face of Hitler's genocidal war against the Jews, and America's refusal to rescue European Jewry...
...Fleishhacker was herself an East European Jew, and was, as such, subject to the prejudice of the German Jewish families like the Gerstles and Fleishhackers into which she married, she has adopted their attitudes...
...Some say Lipner waves his Orthodoxy as a judgment, accusing San Francisco Jews of being unworthy of their heritage...
...He's been honored repeatedly by the Israeli government for his generosity...
...Why not one of the city's three Jewish day schools, I wonder...
...They spend summers at the family's 75 acre estate in Woodside, 30 miles from San Francisco...
...Because it's the beginning of the school year, the lesson concerns the beginning of the Bible...
...They'd have to have a pretty good reason to excuse the fact that they chased the Arabs away...
...It's not a question of diplomacy, or oil, or politics...
...This embarrasses people into giving, and some still whisper about his philanthropic blackmail...
...Maybe it's just the price paid for having arrived...
...They want a synthesis of their Americanism with their re-valuated Jewish soul, preferably at the cost of neither...
...They weren't religious in the same way...
...The distinction between us and them, between Jew and gentile, and the concomitant paranoia and anti-Semitism it creates doesn't seem as pronounced in San Francisco...
...My husband and I objected so strenuously to Zionism," she explains, "because we didn't feel that Israel was necessarily a homeland for us...
...In short, what's been happening in hundreds of American Jewish communities over the course of the past decade is happening in San Francisco, too...
...And all of a sudden it became a very personal thing...
...Be kind to my people," she said...
...Perhaps it was because of the small numbers of East Europeans who came during the vast waves of immigration at the turn of the century...
...Most of the first Jewish settlers came with the Gold Rush...
...Right from the beginning Jews have played important roles in the city—on the Board of Supervisors and Education as judges, mayors, bankers and merchants...
...This was the place of refuge...
...And, naturally, there is an emphasis on Israel and its survival...
...I obey the Ten Commandments...
...At Bryn Mawr," she says, "you were roomed with Jews because you'd be quote more comfortable with them...
...Things the Jews gave their lives become acceptable...
...I have a very unusual congregation...
...We felt hostility from them, patronized by them, and controlled by them," said Professor William (Zev) Brinner, an East European Jew who teaches Near Eastern Studies at Berkeley...
...I find myself very out of place...
...I went to an affair at that organization," he says, "and I saw there were no Jews...
...Some Jews did come to San Francisco, but only in small groups...
...Although Mrs...
...Janet Choyinski Fleishhacker, and her husband, the late Mortimer Fleishhacker, were two of San Francisco's original members of the American Council for Judaism...
...I'm ashamed to say I don't go to services enough...
...He recalls that when he received a book on Israel for his bar mitz-vah, he returned it because it was of such little interest to him...
...William Zellerbach's boys went to Saint Ignatium, members of the Fleishhacker family have gone to convent schools...
...A young lawyer comments, "You mean people in the East worry about things like whether a person's Jewish...
...Always waiting____ Ben Swig must have shown off his trophies hundreds of times, yet he doesn't seem bored with the exercise...
...This is my Army wall," he says, pointing to the plaque-studded office in the Fairmont Hotel...
...And we were the generation that would have to save our people...
...I found, when I became a teacher in the Hebrew School," he comments, "that it was financed for just one purpose—to keep the Eastern Europeans off the streets...
...They're more offensive in a way...
...They don't remember anti-Semitism...
...Now, at 27, John Rothmann is a committed Zionist...
...I also have the feeling," Mrs...
...And then, in California there is also a freedom to define Judaism without the pressure of family and tradition...
...Over the years San Francisco has sprouted newer and more committed Jewish varieties...
...Rabbi Joseph Asher of Temple Emanu-El would disagree...
...At Bryn Mawr, you were roomed with Jews because you'd be more comfortable with them...
...But her warning stayed with me...
...This has become so intensified in re"Back East, if you're Jewish, part of you is always watching, saying, 'whoops, next time, don't do that.' But out here Jews are drunks, they're surfers, they're assimilated...
...Nor were they overwhelmed by the huge immigrations from Eastern Europe in the late 19th century...
...I was invited to a weekend at a Christian fraternity and people told me I'd be eaten alive...
...They're much more vehement, they're much more flag-waving...
...In the cultural vacuum of California the search for roots may be even more pressing...
...I find myself uncomfortable in an all-Jewish environment," says Mrs...
...Ehrlich also expresses dismay at the behavior of Eastern Jews who come to San Francisco...
...Contrary to popular belief, there are East European Jews in San Francisco, and they came as early as did the German Jews...
...He is adamant about his faith...
...He's spent most of his life fighting Jewish insularity...
...Mortimer Fleishhacker, Junior, was president of Temple Emanu-El...
...But I don't think you're a good Jew by going about and shouting 'I'm Jewish' or saying Jews are the greatest, you do it by deeds...
...But I'm a good Jew...
...There are discussions in all Jewish agencies about increasing the Jewish content of programs...
...It's a terrible culture shock for our girls who go East," Mrs...
...He told you that...
...And to give them that reason God began the Bible with the creation and with the land...
...God gave Israel to the Jews and that's why it's theirs...
...It's worse to misrepresent a Jew than a gentile, my collective unconscious kept telling me...
...They feel it very strongly...
...It wasn't until the Six Day War that I changed," he explains, "I was sitting in front of the television and hearing the crowds chanting, as they ran through the streets of Damascus and Bagdhad and Cairo, 'Kill the Jews.' They were shouting 'Kill the Jews,' not 'Kill the Israelis,' and I realized they were talking about me...
...The evidence of Swig's importance as a fund raiser and political manipulator is constantly in the papers...
...When the anti-Zionist American Council for Judaism was formed in 1943, 1,400 of its 2,500 national members came from San Francisco, where they were led by Rabbi Irving Reich-ert, of Temple Emanu-El...
...Although Asher believes the temple has benefited from this return to ritual, he is nonetheless concerned about the consequences of this Jewish revival...
...I remember a group of us were taken from our Hebrew School to Temple Emanu-El and we were overwhelmed by the grandeur of the building...
...Besides, she asks, how would Israel survive if all American Jews made aliyahl Another fourth generation San Franciscan, whose mother refuses to attend Passover services and who actually denied his own Judaism when he was in the army, has now come back...
...Fleishhacker and her daughter Delia have not...
...Nor will he allow the children of any but Jewish women—women who were either Ben Swig has shown off his trophies hundreds of times yet he doesn't seem bored...
...I always thought Jews were just people who went to church on Saturday, sort of like Seventh Day Adventists...
...They're like Wasps, only more so...
...The waiters don't have the right accents...
...And once we Jews accept the fact that it is okay not to educate our children, we cease to function as a Jewish people and we pick up all the sickness and destructive forces in the civilizations around us...
...Today's lesson is a commentary by Rashi...
...Now," his wife interrupts, "he is trying to get me to get rid of our Christmas tree...
...The problem is to mesh Jewish universalism with Jewish particularism...
...Indeed, San Francisco is a unique city, Jewishly...
...As early as 1917, Jewish Congressman Julius Kahn was one of the signators of a letter to President Woodrow Wilson which proclaimed unequivocal nonsupport for the creation of a Jewish state...
...John Rothmann is a good example of the transformation...
...I think of the environment in which I grew up...
...I am also worried about the emphasis on ritual and these very ethnic kinds of issues at the cost of theological and philosophical awareness of Judaism," he continues...
...Like the Our Crowd Jews in New York, the German Jews were quick to take the opportunities available to them...
...Swig came to town in 1946 to take over the Fairmont Hotel, and began his philanthropic activity by promising prospective donors he'd match their gifts...
...And yet, there are 35,000 Jews in San Francisco...
...And his people are all he is interested in...
...But again, both the times and Temple Emanu-El have changed...
...Jewishness is not something you deny, but it's also not something you dwell on...
...But then, what determines Jewishness—good pastrami, or how one feels about one's identity, one's heritage, one's people...
...The son of a Branston, the grandson of a Haas, nephew of a Lil-lienthal, his earliest memories are not of Passover and Chanukah, but of Christmas celebrations at the fabulous Haas-Lillienthal mansion on Franklin Street...
...he asked...
...There's a sense of rootlessness out here and as a result you crave history and tradition," says Fred Rosenbaum, director of education at Berkeley's Hillel Foundation...
...Judaism is a religion of commandments, so why not begin with a commandment...
...Perhaps the most difficult thing about this schism in the Jewish community was the sense of exile from the national Jewish community, "I remember every visiting rabbi at the Hebrew School would tell us we were living in a spiritual desert...
...Because she'd rather have her daughter confronted with an hour of Catholicism a day than risk having her become "an Orthodox Jew...
...His kind of Jewishness, he believes, is the penicillin which will save his people...
...One of the best delis in Berkeley is run by Moonies, they say...
...Coming from a family in which intermarriage was never a serious concern, he is now completely opposed to Jews marrying outside the faith...
...This is very hard to do...
...As we go over a printed list of Swig's charities and honors he points out the gentile ones among them...
...Yet some tension still exists...
...They do not have as much to prove...
...And that's a new experience for this once very separate community...
...So many people come here who have a totally different cultural background and totally different attitudes...
...Nonetheless, he kept locking beliefs with the German Jews who were the financiers of the Hebrew School, through the Jewish Welfare Federation...
...It was he who bailed out Mayor Joseph Alioto when he had a conflict of interest problem with his Pacific Star Line...
...Some of the best families send their children to Catholic schools...
...To say that a Jew was not an American first, or that he was living in the Diaspora, in exile, was to negate the considerable accomplishments of San Francisco's Jews...
...Increasingly, Israel became a source of pride rather than conflict...
...We detested Reform Judaism...
...We always felt the presence of the German Jewish element...
...Aw, come on, he gives money for recognition...
...they're surfers, they're assimilated...
...I like to go to New York and get some neurosis, some abrasion...
...the continued possession of Israel is a question of God and His will...
...And the Six Day War marked the merger, finally, of San Francisco Jewry with Jewish communities across the land...
...Like Levi-Strauss, who made overalls for miners, they did not pan for gold, but rather serviced the miner's needs...
...And also at the same time a rejection of them...
...I'll put in such and such," he'd say, "if you'll do the same...
...I think they've performed a disservice for the Jews as a community...
...There was always the pull of assimilation into their sort of ambiance...
...Instead of being a "light unto the nations," as Asher believes Judaism ought to be, he worries that Jews will simply mirror the trends of society...
...If a good East European Jewish girl like me is taken aback by Rothmann's vehemence, imagine how it would astonish his grandfather, and great-grandfather, who were insulted at the very mention of ethnic identity...
...But there were few Chanu-kah or Passover celebrations...
...And yet, no matter how attenuated their Jewish identity, they insist upon their Jewishness...
...Of course I had a perfectly delightful time...
...I had no idea this was the way they looked upon us...
...The "Careers for Retired Military" is typical...
...What we have now is a Jewish fundamentalism and that is because in the country we have a revival of fundamentalism...
...Chinatown was reputed to be a dangerous place which a child should never go near, and what would an Orthodox Jew do at Fisherman's Wharf, eat crab...
...Every Friday night Rothmann goes to temple for Sabbath services...
...In 1851, a year after the founding of the German Jewish Temple Emanu-El, the Polish Jews formed Congregation Shearith Israel...
...Fleishhacker continues, "that the Israel thing has increased anti-Semitism...
...The Jew moved with it...
...The Zellerbachs dealt in paper, the Hellmans lent money...
...Why is San Francisco so unique...
...Swig worries, however, that his grandchildren will not continue his philanthropic traditions...
...One of the things this has led to is a rebirth of ritual and to the intensifying of Jewish institutions...
...And why, Rabbi Pinchas Lipner asks the small girls seated around him, does the Bible begin the way it does, with the creation of the universe...
...Your people," I retorted...
...But Lipner does not care about accusations...
...Nor is Rothmann an isolated example...
...It may also be a Jewish Roots, a search for ethnic identity and religious significance in the historical poverty of California...
...he says, my Catholic wall, my Israeli wall, my foreign wall...
...Jews are blander in San Francisco...
...The Fleishhackers may not fit any stereotypic Jewish mold, but then, to them, the clannish Jew, so often associated with the East Europeans, seems equally alien...
...That's how I got involved...
...Our main reaction was 'Isn't it a pity that it's used for such evil purposes?' To us Reform Judaism wasn't Judaism at all...
...The subject today is what one should do when one finds lost objects—say some wheat, or dates, or maybe a couple of pomegranates...
...Where are the Jewish neighborhoods, the Jewish bakeries...
...Similarly, the Welfare Federation is increasing its allocation to Jewish education...
...Why the Eastern Jews never achieved the prominence of their German brethren is open to speculation...
...But I don't think people on the West Coast have any realization that they are, in essence, being told that they are living in the Diaspora and that they don't belong there...
...I was invited to a weekend at a Christian fraternity and people told me I'd be eaten alive if I went...
...America is moving from the melting pot to the pluralistic society," he says...
...Now his conflicts with the Federation are over...
...As in other cities, many Jews are even questioning support of the Jewish hospital...
...Of course I had a perfectly delightful time...
...Since 1948, the anti-Zionism of the community has ebbed...
...If he gives it's because he believes a Jew must prove himself and be twice as good as anyone else— and they will not have the same reason to give...
...Rabbi Lipner built this school after seven years of hard struggle—with the city, the Jewish community, and the Jewish Welfare Federation...
...We have another word for it— sell-out...
...Fleishhacker...
...He became a Bar Mitzvah in his 80's, and looks sheepish when asked how often he goes to temple...
...Last summer, he even went to Jordan to try to encourage peace with Israel...
...These people come from another area and they don't know anyone, so the first thing they do is join a temple and stick together...
...We considered ourselves Americans...
...I think in many ways we're still the desert they always told us we were...
...My Catholic wall, my Israeli wall, my foreign wall...
...My husband used to laughingly say," Mrs...
...The Sigmund Stern Grove, the Stein-hart Aquarium, the Fleishhacker Zoo and Pool, the De Young Museum, the Zellerbach Auditorium in Berkeley and the Dinklespiel Auditorium at Stanford—all given by wealthy German Jewish families...
...Someone accused me of being anti-Semitic about three years ago, and I began to think and study...
...Swig's philanthropy has not only helped Israelis, it's changed the whole nature of giving in the San Francisco Jewish community...
...I think I have just as much right to criticize it as any other foreign country...
...Of the rest of San Francisco he was hardly aware...
...It may have conflicts...
...to the outsider its members may not look Jewish...
...What changed San Francisco was Israel...
...Mrs...
...For example, there's a very famous and popular question the Jews ask— "Is it good for the Jews...
...They had America...
...And what could the Jews say...
...As long as the Jews deserve Israel, they will stay, Once they falter, out they go...
...Brinner frequented his own neighborhood...
...You mean people in the East worry about things like whether a person's Jewish...
...Now, John Rothmann, at 27, is a committed Zionist, an ardent Jew...
...You know the gentiles, you can never tell what they're going to do...
...I always thought Jews were just people who went to church on Saturday, sort of like Seventh Day Adventists...
...We never objected to a homeland being developed, although I feel it was a pity that there was a separate country made...
...But people say, 'Oh, you're an anti-Semite, or you're anti-Jewish/ because I say Israel shouldn't have done something...
...Fleishhacker recounts, "that he went to temple more in that period than he ever did in his life and that that turned him completely from going any more...
...People talk about gentiles, not goyim...
...I wanted to show them what a Jew was...
...The question is: how does a community that has spent so much of its history denying its ethnic identity go about rediscovering its roots...
...But out here Jews are drunks, Suzanne Gordon, whose articles have appeared in many magazines, is the author of Lonely in America, published by Simon <? Schuster...
...So I wanted to show them what Jews are...
...They're just not as much fun...
...It is because, the rabbi answers himself, God knew, thousands of years ago, that one day the Arabs would come along and ask the Jews just what they were doing in Israel...
...The potato latkes at David's are a cross between French toast and potato chips...
...It's Asher's job to incorporate those changes into the life of his congregation, and of course, to comment on them...
...There was always this pull of assimilation, and, at the same time, a rejection of them...
...Two years ago many Jewish temples supported the placement of a menorah in Union Square to celebrate Chanukah—an unprecedented assertion of Jewishness...
...Once we start compromising the 613 commandments that the Torah has given to the Jewish people, we do not know how to stop...
...I think we still have tremendous problems in that Jewish communal life is so fragmented...
...Coming to San Francisco, an Eastern Jew like me wonders if there are any Jews in town at all...
...We do everything the gentiles do, in the same way, and we call it Jewish...
...It's because, people are fond of saying, the Jews began with the city...
...He fears they will excuse their conduct, when it is un-Jewish, with the rationale, "Everyone is doing it...
...Jews out here don't even know they're going to die...
...When some Jews objected to this rapprochement of Church and State, supporters accused them of being uncomfortable with visible Jewishness...
...Even though we felt antagonism to the wealthy element, our goal was to be like them...
...They're more antiseptic...
...He told the Queen he'd help her raise $50 million for a new hospital if she would pull her own diplomatic strings...
...The Hebrew Academy sits in a series of small buildings on 26th Street off Cabrillo...
...His earliest memories are not of Passover and Chanukah, but of Christmas celebrations at the fabulous Haas-Lillienthal mansion...
...Ehrlich lives in one of three "little houses" built for the Fleishhacker children, while her mother lives in the big house—the house built in 1912 by Mortimer Fleishhacker, Senior, with the aid of famed California architect Charles Green...
...Until recently, most of San Francisco's German Jews held that Judaism was exclusively a religion, like Protestantism, or Catholicism, not a nation or an ethnic group...
...Rather than sharpening their sense of ethnic identity, says Earl Raab, Director of the Jewish Community Relations Council, the suffering of European Jews simply reaffirmed their belief in the saving power of American democracy...
...Brinner's youth revolved around Orthodoxy—around the religious school, run by Rabbi David Stolper, which has produced some of the area's rabbis and scholars...
...When one leader in Jewish philanthropy heard me tell of Swig's humble protestations, he laughed...
...Besides, they've grown up in San Francisco—a unique place, where Jews are highly assimilated, where mothers don't seem to care if their children marry gentiles...
...Rabbi Eliezer Wenger, a Luba-vitcher Hassid, dressed in dark, baggy pants, and long matching frock coat, explains what to do on Jewish holidays...
...Be careful, don't over-generalize, remember, the goyim are waiting...
...There is indeed a Jewish community in San Francisco...
...Some say the museum, ballet and symphony would collapse without Jewish generosity...
...But he won't allow them in his school...
...So why is it so hard to find a good pastrami sandwich...
...The city is studded with the proof of their success and beneficence...
...This description (by former New York Jew Gene Ullansky) seems accurate...
...None of the students responds...
...The boys you dated were expected to be Jewish...
...They settled in an area around Sixth and Market, and then later around McAllister and Fillmore...
...He sued the Federation to get more funding for his Academy...
...So steadfast was this position that in 1944, when organizers of a mass rally against fascism—a rally whose main speakers were Thomas Mann and Eddie Cantor—sought participation of the old German Jewish establishment, many of these prominent leaders refused to attend...
...It was not that they approved of the slaughter of their fellow Jews, it was simply that they disapproved of such mass manifestations of sentiment...
...THE JEWS OF SAN FRANCISCO SUZANNE GORDON IN 1943,1400 OF THE 2500 MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR JUDAISM CAME FROM SAN FRANCISCO...
...When the children protest that the Gemor-rah does not have an answer for every problem, Freedman explains that it's not necessarily the answer that counts, it's understanding and analyzing the problem...
...He pauses for a moment, then adds, "I don't want people to say 'Ben Swig gave.' I want them to say 'a Jew gave.'" There are those who would argue with Swig's rendition of his philanthropic motivation...
...Down the street, other teachers, many of them imported from New York, teach similar lessons...
...Another member of the old families recounts her journey from Eastern religions back to Judaism: A mother and her son, newly returned from a summer in Israel, argue...
...There are the Haases of Levi-Strauss, the Brandensteins and Branstons of MJB Coffee, the Slosses and Sintons and Se-ligmans and Swigs...
...But even though we felt antagonism to this wealthy element, our goal was to be like them...
...I thought if there's ever any trouble, if war should break out, or any internal trouble, things could be bad for the Jews...
...But unlike those New York Jews, there was neither a gentile nor a Sephardic Jewish elite to whom they were inferior...
...For this reason, among others, he has not found many friends in a community in which many members of the most prominent families are married to gentiles...
...These are people who are looking, searching, after a long alienation from Jewishness...
...What would my parents and grandparents think of people like the Fleishhackers...
...This is my Army wall...
...So everything becomes acceptable...
...There were always Christmas trees and Easter egg rolls when Delia Fleishhacker Erlich grew up...
...When I told my mother I intended to find out, she warned me...
...But Swig insists that giving is his expression of commitment to his religion...
...fortunes were made in banking, fur trade, merchandising...
...TODAY THE ISSUE IS HOW MUCH MORE SUPPORT THE FEDERATION SHOULD GIVE THE DAY SCHOOLS...
...I think we're in the worst assimila-tionist period in America today...
...cent years in America, we have made that question so preeminent, that we have forgotten our universal teachings...
...Jews may be assimilated in San Francisco, but they're not immune to the debate between assimilation and a search for roots that goes on all over America today...
...Lipner came to San Francisco precisely because it is such an assimilated community...
...And I know this is true on the Peninsula...
...We detested Reform Judaism...
...I meet Christians who say they were so unaware of these distinctions that they don't even know if they dated a Jewish boy or girl in high school...
...Because I go to great pains explaining to my Christian friends that I'm not a Zionist and I don't believe in Zionism, and that this is not necessarily the feeling of all the Jews...
...So now Lipner deals uncompromisingly with the city's tradition of compromise...
...Now they want greater definition...
...The only time the family did not have a tree was when Delia's father, Mr...
...born Jewish or who have converted according to the laws of Orthodoxy...
...While much of the rest of the city has changed its attitudes toward Israel, the 68-year-old Mrs...
...I resented this attitude very much...
...Rabbi Moshe Freedman teaches a class in Ge-morrah...
...Some people feel that you're anti-Semitic," Delia Ehr-lich interrupts, "if you say one thing bad about Israel...
Vol. 2 • May 1977 • No. 7
