ECONOMESE - OR THE MISPLACED NOMINATIVE

...A secret-ballot election was held and the faculty association won...

...Consider: Although increased general wealth is a good, and one of the things our economy is supposed to be particularly good at, it's inflationary...

...The yardstick employed by administrativelaw judges is the statistical congruence between recommendations by faculty and decisions by administration...

...Rather, the Tragic Sense of Life is an impulse to build civilization, to construct institutions and values...

...and it is a recognition that such tasks are urgent because if humankind does not make that civilized labor, civilization will not exist...

...According to McBride, during the discussion he saw Kutcher, seated in his wheelchair at the back of the hall, punch Berta Langston, another party member, with no provocation...

...In more recent years, with little endowment, a decline of undergraduate enrollment, and a deficit of $6.5 million, Hofstra had been in poor shape...

...Earlier, the conforming, repressive atmosphere during the First World War caused the organizing of the American Association of University Professors...

...Kutcher was shocked by this "nightmare...

...So they raise prices...

...A faculty survey revealed that there was more emphasis on "profit motive than excellence...

...Langston confirmed Kutcher's story in every detail, asserting that the charges were "completely baseless...

...His case was fought in the courts for a decade...

...To be sure, union locals had already been organized on many campuses in the 1930s, including Ivy League schools, but these were campus protest organizations directed at the problems spawned by the Great Depression...

...enlisting celebrities to act as sponsors for conferences...

...Consider: absolutely the last thing you can say about the tragic is that it's some authority of experience to which one appeals to counsel a sort of sad and worldly resignation: what after all can we do given the Nature of Things...

...Now, 50 YEARS AFTER the passage of the National Labor Relations Act, the Yeshiva decision of the Supreme Court is an important example of the progressive weakening of those basic human rights embodied in New Deal labor legislation...

...Nor do I mean to suggest that Kendall was kindly disposed toward Mill's thought...

...The faculty was called upon, through a cluster of committees, to make recommendations in their scholastic areas to the administration...

...His philosophy is that collective bargaining is part of American culture but has no place in a college or university of quality...

...Further, "at early universities, the faculty were the school...

...it had been the one great commitment of his life...

...You broke that differential and strangled that passenger...

...We should not panic and listen to those who think life simple, those who do not grasp the tenuousness of the human condition, who think the world subject to their ideological engineering, who would only— while tampering endlessly—destroy what order we can have, who do not understand, as Joseph de Maistre long ago put it, that "imperfection is an element of the perfection possible...

...Its protective principle, so to speak: if things do not work out when they ought to, that's because someone insufficiently appreciative of those market mechanisms is impatiently tampering...

...He indicated that he did not want to be held responsible for any misuse of his case by enemies of the party...

...We can let it go that economics is broadly a humorouscomic discipline: essentially optimistic...

...Fearing an escalation of the conflict, McBride did not intervene and Langston moved away...

...New Yorkers and Carolinians, say, speak two dialects of the same language...

...Since mainstream capitalist economics presumes to describe the economic life of the nation, and since we cannot avoid coloring the world we describe with the language we employ, I think the "art" of the economists deserves consideration...

...One surely can imagine how far a "managerial" faculty would get if it voted itself substantial salary increases and reductions in workload...

...This institution expanded right after the Second World War through a subsidy via the GI Bill of Rights...

...Supply equaling demand: prices at "natural" level...

...If the union is upheld, the Cooper Union administration will probably go to the U.S...

...Now 13 years have elapsed since the union gained original recognition...

...I have observed, both here and in London, buses...

...Kutcher got his job back in 1956...

...And the capitalist who has just raised his prices to the level of his rival's will appreciate that...

...After his selection, Hofstra represented a "case study of how tough business practices turned around a college— and the trade-offs that go with such an approach...

...The union had to document its case by showing that the faculty was a numerical minority on key college committees...

...He had lost both his legs in September 1943 when hit by a mortar shell in Italy...

...ECONOMIC COMEDY appeals to two principles...

...The motive power here is a Nature of Things forcing its happy intentions, the Invisible Hand of the Market...

...Obviously, this doctrine can be applied to the public colleges and universities...

...In April 1984 the National Convention rejected his appeal...

...Abandoning their traditional critique of Stalinist regimes as betrayers of revolution, the SWP has accepted Cuban leadership of the world revolutionary movement...

...Should a mainstream economist wish a lift and make his wish known in Economese, he would have to say something like "Assuming I enter your car with your permission, and assuming the car is going downtown, it could drive us both...

...But economics, when it speaks, has become something like a human effort to avoid the fact of human agency...

...If this seems not to describe our experience, that's because the competition economists talk about is rarely now the competition capitalists know about...

...Faculty members, whether for or against unionism and collective bargaining, should be conscious of the grave distinction between "no bargaining" as a result of free democratic choice in an electoral process, and "no bargaining" because of a false claim that they have managerial status, which precludes a free democratic choice under the procedures of the National Labor Relations Act...

...The Socialist Workers party has been in turmoil for the past several years...

...Upholding these rights amounts, to a significant extent, to democracy in the workplace...

...IN 1983 KUTCHER WAS EXPELLED from the SWP, after 45 years of devoted service...

...The agency that mediates between suppliers, keeping prices from soaring: competition...

...things aren't really all that bad...

...among his lawyers was Joseph Rauh...

...For instance, if a corporation raises prices because it thinks (yum-yum) that it's a good idea to raise prices, and thereby an inflationary spiral is set off, that's OK—in some way Nature approves...

...The final outcome may take months, possibly years...

...Thus it was admitted that it is the format of the corporation that determines present-day conditions under which teaching and research take place...

...Unless he is a masochist, or unless he is one of the totally and utterly spent and defeated—one of those you see on the streets every day while "the economy is healthy again"—a human being rarely "gives up" unless he thinks that giving up really exacts no painful cost...

...When there's more money in people's pockets and bank accounts because of wage-hikes or lower interest rates or what-have-you, then people tend to consume more goods, and so prices rise...

...Under the doctrine of the Yeshiva decision, input and recommendation in decision-making have become transmogrified into decision-making itself...

...Whether sufficient faculty will become involved in lobbying for the Clay bill remains to be seen...

...105 Three witnesses testified before the investigating committee—McBride, Langston, and George Breitman, a long-time SWP leader and friend of Kutcher's who gave Kutcher's version of the affair...

...Expecting trouble from critical members, the party leadership appointed Dick McBride, a National Committee member, to act as a security guard at the meeting...

...The strategy of the national organizations involved in higher-education bargaining has been to employ a case-by-case approach to make an end run around the Yeshiva decision...

...And although the army is, for the most part, outside the free economy, I think certain principles are consistent...

...The National Convention, required to be held every year, had been postponed for a year, meaning that intraparty discussion of the abandonment of basic tenets of Trotskyism had not been able to take place...

...it wasn't...

...A Carolinian says, "Would you carry me downtown...

...The Tragic Sense of Life has nothing to do with resignation, or even with the timid hope that Nature will upon inconsistent occasion smile...

...Despite the university administration's contention that the faculty members were managerial or supervisory, the NLRB upheld the faculty group's petition...

...It may not seem to work out when it works out, but that's because you're focusing on the bus's broken differential, or on a passenger choking from a malfunctioning exhaust system, not on the blur of which Bertrand Russell spoke...

...Barnes has condemned most of the world's Trotskyists as hopeless sectarians and indicated that a new international grouping of communists is in the making, to be led by the Cubans and the Sandinistas...

...The National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education reports that, in significant numbers and in substance, faculty efforts to seek collective-bargaining rights have been stymied, and earlier actions that had achieved bargaining status have been reversed...

...And that's not OK...

...Sam Johnson (I think) said, "Grief, sir, is a species of idleness...

...The process of collective bargaining and the steps leading to it are based on a series of basic civil rights...

...helicoptering conference participants to the campus...

...I mean they both had a language...

...The SWP has an elaborate and rather restrictive set of organizational norms...

...This development, epitomized by the German Universitdt of the 19th century, was also reflected in American colleges and universities...

...IT SHOULD COME AS NO SURPRISE that Marxist-Leninist groups, which demand strict adherence to every detail of every regulation by private organizations or the government, evince no strong attachment to such procedure themselves...

...These include the rights of petition, of secret-ballot election, of mandating collective bargaining in good faith—and of the adjudication of employees' grievances by outside and binding arbitration...

...The success and growth of business, however, impressed upon American institutions of higher education the hallmark of the corporation...

...And tragic thought is characterized by the same energy...

...And there is something intellectually winning— suggestions of depth and resonance—in the representation of life, its economic cycles included, as a rumbling historical epic rarely subject to human control, frustrating to analytic pretension...

...Faculty should participate in decisions, but the president makes the decision...

...Luckily for Kutcher, his former comrades only have the power to expel him from their ranks...

...Supreme Court majority correctly indicated that the "guilds of scholars were responsible only to themselves...

...But, on the other hand, inflation has come by now to seem to most of us almost natural, in the sense that the familiar seems after a while to be Nature...

...He asked for a postponement of the party trial for a week or two to enable him to recover his equilibrium...

...The possessor of the tragic sense knows that humankind may fail in the effort...

...It's unfortunate for the wage-earner/consumer that it does, for this provides a certain convenience to anyone who wishes to ask, rhetorically, "How can one be responsible for what's natural...

...The university's president and board of trustees refused to bargain and appealed to the Circuit Court of Appeals, to no avail...

...That medieval faculty fought against any interference from the town, the crown, and the church...

...government years ago...

...In those nascent institutions, the faculty members formed guilds and not only assumed the obligations of teaching but also controlled tuition, books, admissions, buildings, and so on...

...That's humor...

...q In a 1980 landmark case, the U.S...

...All that had happened, he protested to his branch organizer, was that Langston had stood in front of his wheelchair, blocking his view of the speakers...

...For, indeed, the distinction within the medieval university of administration versus teaching and research did not exist...

...Admission not universal: to some, inflation that isn't doubledigit isn't inflation...

...Suspensorium clericorum, a strike, was its extreme measure of self-defense...

...Remember: dwarfing the situation...

...But the tragic voice that economists assume on occasion is actually a rather pale corruption of the word...

...He had joined the SWP in 1938 at the age of 25...

...Kutcher was one of the many SWPers who were unhappy about the new course...

...Four members of the National Committee had just been suspended as a result of inner-party turmoil...

...The NLRB's assumption of jurisdiction over private colleges and universities paralleled a development in the public sector: the legitimization of collective bargaining through statute law...

...Tendencies" are allowed to operate under the supervision of the party leadership, thus giving it the right to oversee the deliberations of any dissenters...

...A slight adjustment here and there of a fiscal or a monetarist nature may be advisable upon occasion, but, overall, if just allowed to work, the economy will work by itself...

...Still, Kutcher remained a devoted rank-and-filer...

...At Boston University its president, John Silber, fought the AAUP chapter to a standstill...

...Factions are prohibited...

...He may not live to realize his dream of being readmitted to the SWP...

...104 Prior to his case, Kutcher was an obscure member of the SWP...

...Nevertheless, Kutcher's SWP branch concluded that McBride's version was correct, thus taking the word of a bystander over that of the two participants in the event...

...Actual people gas up, board, start up, navigate, and drive to some agreed-upon destination...

...The same way one might say with absolute assurance of no human agency: "Rain falls...

...In the 1984 session of the Congress, William L. Clay introduced a bill (HR 3291) that specifically states: . . . that no faculty member or group of faculty members shall be deemed managerial or supervisory solely because [a] faculty member or group of faculty members participate in decisions with respect to courses, curriculums, personnel, budget or other matters of educational policy...

...radical movements have a savage history of turning on old comrades for various ideological errors, and longevity in the ranks is rarely allowed to override other virtues...

...Its aim was to safeguard academic freedom—but negotiation over such matters as salaries and workload was not on the AAUP's agenda...

...Demand exceeding supply: prices up...

...He asked if a friend could come to the trial with him...

...There is supposed to be complete freedom within the party for discussion of all issues, but once a decision is made members are obligated to obey it...

...The majority of the Supreme Court held that a system of traditional "collegiality continue [s] to play a significant role at many universities, including Yeshiva...

...A group of Yeshiva faculty members, unhappy with their compensation and working conditions but perhaps too circumspect to affiliate with any of the national organizations involved in collective bargaining, petitioned the New York regional office of the National Labor Relations Board...

...But effective final decisions remained firmly in the orbit of the administration...

...there are different relations between subject, verb, and object...

...The late Willmoore Kendall—star of academic podium, National Review, and Bellow fiction ("Mosby's Memoirs")—once wrote, "Given an appropriate public opinion, I see no reason why a free political system and a socialized economic system couldn't exist on one and the same piece of real estate...

...They then took the final step, appealing, successfully, to the U.S...

...Further, it held that "University-wide policies are formulated by central administration with the approval of the Board of Trustees, and include general guidelines dealing with teaching loads, salary scales, tenure, sabbaticals, retirement, and fringe benefits...

...Again the Court majority admitted that "ultimate authority is vested in a Board of Trustees...

...Because the severity of the violence was in doubt, Kutcher was only censured...

...But less and less now in the corporate world does competition have much to do with prices lowered...

...108...

...My loyalty to the party remains unchanged," he wrote in his appeal to the National Convention...

...Now obeisance based upon fear was replaced by a process of negotiation approaching a level of equality...

...Evidently then—as one looks for some consistency— the inflation that's always abhorrent to Nature and its true servants must be of a very particular kind...

...KUTCHER WAS NOT expelled for running afoul of any guidelines...

...Even though the branch members had heard the report the night of the trial—and Kutcher would also have heard it had he been well enough to attend—the party decided that he might circulate it outside the party and hence damage SWP security...

...Nonetheless, he has resolutely maintained that he was not disruptive and did not violate any organizational rules or resolutions, even those he opposed...

...High-powered recruiters descended on high schools along the East Coast emphasizing the fact that Hofstra possesses the only olympic-size indoor pool among New York area colleges...

...The immediate cause of the dispute was the decision of the party leadership, particularly of General Secretary Jack Barnes, to jettison several core Trotskyist ideas, including the concept of permanent revolution...

...According to Hegel, your first view as a vague blur is more correct than your later impression, which is inspired by the misleading impulses of the analytic intellect...

...More and more it means competing through advertising to make one's product more "attractive," or even oneself more attractive ("We are the company that cares...

...One would probably not be well advised to use it before upbeat Kiwanis audiences, but it goes well in certain sophisticated journals...

...Kutcher has been very ill, hospitalized for months because of his ailments...

...He got no answer...

...Members are prohibited from discussing internal party matters with nonmembers...

...Economic Nature abhors inflation so much that, working its will, it will not allow inflation more than a sporadic appearance: it will crush the black-caped, musta103 chioed, villainous producer-supplier who flouts its laws...

...it's abhorrent...

...I don't mean to suggest that Kendall's confession was in any sense advocacy of the "socialized economic system" that I would prefer...

...But if that corporation raises prices specifically to offset wage increases, or to take advantage of other widely distributed income gains, and thereby an inflationary spiral is set off, then the inflation is not the fault of the corporation but the fault of those who got the wage hikes and the widely distributed income gains...

...Kendall's reference to public opinion brings to mind John Stuart Mill: The distribution of wealth...

...Hundreds of members have either resigned or been expelled, including a large proportion of the party's veterans whose tenure goes back to the 1930s...

...In March 1985 the union, after appealing a negative decision by the administrative-law judge to the full NLRB, received a ruling in its favor...

...106 Even where collective bargaining is still in force, university administrations have effectively used the threat of implementing the doctrine of the Yeshiva decision to secure regressive agreements...

...Despite his shabby treatment by the party to which he had devoted his life, Kutcher remained a true believer...

...These "tough business .practices" included: the hiring of a high-powered, expensive public-relations representative...

...After over a decade of steady increase of collective bargaining in private institutions of higher learning, the Yeshiva decision continues to bleed away the vitality of that movement...

...Occasionally, now, economists assure us that the economy will overcome its difficulties (inflation, unemployment, recession, what-have-you) by the native verve, flexibility, imagination inherent in the system...

...By his own admission, he had "no special talents" and did little more than "Jimmy Higgins" work for the party...

...Such as: • This world has its intractibilities...

...he wrote a book about his ordeal, and there was even a movie produced about it in 1981...

...I had," he recalled, "the same feeling many years ago when the government was persecuting me, but at least some of the time the government witchhunters pretended I had some rights...

...But a faculty's quests for collective bargaining arise from the reality of grave differences with an administration...

...Underselling one's competitors to a degree consonant with returns above overhead may occur occasionally—rivalry of neighborhood groceries, a local gas-station war...

...The system of "capitalist justice," which Kutcher and his party so despised, had finally protected his rights, albeit after a protracted struggle and such sensitive actions as trying to cut off his disability pension one week before Christmas in 1955...

...Common sense (built into ordinary language) tells one that if there's more money around, then people who have things to make and things to sell to sellers want more of that money themselves...

...Supply exceeding demand: prices down...

...The U.S...

...THE IMPLICATIONS of the Yeshiva decision go far beyond academe...

...And hence I suspect, instead of a tragic sense, it's really a kind of puffed-up humor...

...He was framed on a different charge...

...And there are sufficient instances on record of corporations raising prices because "competitors" have...

...The answer was no...

...Life is hard...

...that's the way things are...

...Let us pursue the comedy, and further observe how it slowly breaks down as the corrupted tragic voice slowly takes over...

...Supreme Court, by a 5-4 decision, held that an independent association of faculty members at Yeshiva University in New York City, a private institution, was "managerial" and not entitled to the jurisdiction of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRB v. Yeshiva, 444 US 672...

...He "turned hot with anger, feeling under intolerable pressure, isolated, helpless, humiliated and in despair...

...In short, 35 years after the government labeled him a security risk, his SWP comrades agreed...

...In the economic sphere, for instance, there are certain cycles that will run their courses, and there isn't a great deal we can do about this beyond patience and the most modest and cautious adjustments...

...It is made to sound as if nobody does it—Nature does it...

...The personnel and curricular aspects of the university soon became so monumental that the administration alone couldn't handle them...

...Despite their promises, SWP leaders refused to send Kutcher the trial transcript or allow him to see the report...

...Most of us don't have Burke's razor mind and can't sustain the distinction...

...but not the language of economics...

...Both had a language that put very much up front in the nominative position the reasoning human actor...

...He was fired from his job as a clerk in the Vocational and Rehabilitation Division of the Veterans' Administration in Newark, New Jersey, in 1948...

...The mood of tragic literature is not characterized by a "wise" superior knowingness justifying resignation, but by an energy felt to be necessary...

...In 1981 he abstained in the voting for the leadership's resolutions at the party convention...

...In some instances faculty representatives have given up bargaining rights and retained the nebulous right to "meet and confer...

...Since the Cubans are, in turn, devoted clients of the Soviet Union, the SWP has become more proSoviet, even going so far as to mute its traditional defense of Soviet dissidents...

...THE SPECTACULAR SUCCESS of collective bargaining in the public schools and, beginning in the 1960s, in the public colleges and universities had its effect on private institutions...

...When the deadline passed Kutcher was expelled...

...So far, the climate for extension and renewal of bargaining rights remains to be developed...

...These days of 107 severe competition for students and cutbacks in student and institutional financial aid would seem to be propitious for collective bargaining, but the Yeshiva decision bars that approach...

...he wasn't...

...That the government would attack a legless veteran made Kutcher a minor celebrity and helped to generate support that ordinarily was not accorded radicals under attack...

...He had touched her on the back "either with my right index finger or, possibly, with that and the middle finger...

...2) Economic Nature abhors inflation, will not countenance those who practice inflationary measures...

...Consequently, into our economic lives, we are told ever so sadly, some rain must fall...

...When a new president was to be selected, two businessoriented trustees circumvented the officially, appointed search committee and secretly met with their candidate—a businessman-politician...

...1) The classic theory of competition derives, of course, from Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations...

...According to this article, the Fine Arts Department got the message and handed out A and B grades 88 percent of the time...

...The scientific revolution with its knowledge explosion made for a new complexity in higher education, with the proliferation of disciplines and the establishment of increasingly sophisticated laboratories...

...Occasionally, now, we are assured the economy will overcome its apparent difficulties because they are only temporary fluctuations and therefore, in the long run, exaggerated...

...McBride repeated his charges...

...That in itself is unremarkable...

...depends on the laws and customs of society...

...Emotionally distraught, Kutcher pleaded that he was unable to meet with an SWP delegation assigned to discuss his errors...

...Supreme Court—which struck down collective bargaining...

...we are only to a degree the masters of our fate...

...The drive for worker representation on corporation boards, worker participation in production decisions, and in profit-sharing schemes could lead to the demagogic claim that labor is management and thus unions are superfluous...

...Since this decision, scores of cases have gone to administrative-law judges in various regional jurisdictions of the NLRB...

...The college administration has been ordered to bargain but is prepared to resist, and the union has been compelled to go to the Circuit Court...

...Discussion of the party's program is prohibited except for a three-month period prior to the party convention...

...The tragic voice...

...And thus the sad-oh-so-sad resignation is more often than not a mere coziness playing at wisdom...

...Kutcher no doubt would have remained an obscure victim of a security-conscious government except for one fact...

...But, strange and stupefying to say, this sort of inflation, which is abhorrent to Nature, is caused by Nature...

...q I t is now 37 years ago that the United States government decided James Kutcher was a security risk because of his membership in the Trotskyist Socialist Workers party, then on the AttorneyGeneral's list of subversive organizations...

...When she turned around, he had silently indicated that she should move and she had done so...

...And without a legal imprimatur to reverse Yeshiva, the outlook will remain dismal...

...Collective bargaining was not envisioned by these early units of the American Federation of Teachers...

...Kutcher was devastated...

...Indeed, participation in these committees was expected of faculty members who sought tenure and advancement in rank...

...KENNETH BURKE ONCE DISTINGUISHED the comic from the humorous by saying that in comedy the protagonist, before all ends well, is faced with a taxing situation that he meets by a heroic magnification of his efforts, while humor "takes up the slack between the momentousness of the situation and the feebleness of those in the situation by dwarfing the situation...

...They both realized, and their styles are alive with it, the centrality of human choice...

...So there is the temptation to change the tone upon selective occasion...

...two years later he won back pay...

...or prices have a tendency to rise . . . or prices naturally rise...

...After having won an election in October 1973 and gaining certification as bargaining agent in 1974, the AFT union faced an administration that withdrew recognition in 1980—based on the Yeshiva decision...

...Five years later, this decision continues to produce a web of consequences that threaten to reach beyond the realm of higher education...

...Competition, then, is what keeps prices stable so that more consumers can consume what more suppliers can supply so that everyone gets a just something...

...On August 14, 1983, the New York–New Jersey district membership met to hear reports on recent developments in the SWP...

...rewarding only those faculty members who were able to attract large numbers of students to their courses...

...Supreme Court...

...Still, the story of Kutcher's expulsion is fascinating, both for what it tells us of the ethics of at least one radical group, and the ironic counterpoint it provides to Kutcher's treatment at the hands of the U.S...

...The president sits on the Board of Trustees and serves as chief executive officer...

...That's comedy...

...To pretend there is no driver is either stupid or too clever by far...

...The average faculty salary is $3,000 less than that at a neighboring public two-year community college...

...In this bizarre institution, too, the unhappy faculty was precluded from asserting its professional concerns because of the Yeshiva decision and had to resort to a strike...

...Kutcher, who had not been present, was particularly upset about the new charges, since he had not been informed of them prior to the trial...

...Most of the report of the trial, however, charged that Kutcher had used violence and insulted women comrades in the past...

...That's the Shakespearean rhythm...

...SOMETIMES IT TAKES A GROTESQUERIE to illuminate the reality of campus power relations...

...I even drove one for a while in the army...

...Its first principle: leave things essentially alone and the mechanics of the market will see to it that, on balance, all works out...

...It claimed that this stemmed from the birth of the university in the High Middle Ages...

...But, in sophisticated discussion of the market, we are told: "Prices rise...

...This point is important because the SWP, despite its name, is a bolshevik organization that operates according to the rules of democratic centralism...

...A New Yorker says, "Give me a lift downtown, will you...

...Consider for instance one of the economy's claimed glories, competition, and one of its admitted problems, inflation...

...102 But economists have generally had a hard time consistently sustaining the comic vision, knowing that some audiences will find little that's humorous about their deflated real incomes and such...

...Between Economese and ordinary English there are more than differences of vocabulary...

...The campaign on his behalf made him one of the most well-known Trotskyists in the country—a minimal distinction, to be sure, but one the SWP appreciated...

...Kutcher spoke widely around the country, and the party harped on his case...

...Both mean, "Might I enter your car and be conveyed downtown if you're going that way...

...The rules by which it is determined are what the opinions and feelings of the ruling portion of the community make them, and are different in different ages and countries, and might still be more different, if mankind so chose...

...and so on...

...But, as in tragic literature itself, every failure is followed by a new resolve by the damaged survivors...

...The answer was no...

...He now gives his allegiance to a Trotskyist splinter group, the Fourth Internationalist Tendency, composed of a few hundred people expelled from the SWP, including Breitman...

...One week later, McBride filed charges against Kutcher for committing violence against a comrade...

...Last year, on April Fool's Day, an extensive news story (New York Times, April 1, 1985) appeared about New York State's 50-year-old Hofstra University...

...Certainly, this kind of thinking could apply to unionized symphony orchestras as well, where applicants must pass muster by an audition jury of unionized musicians—and to the building and machine trades, where journeymen train and evaluate apprentices...

...He begged that his emotional turmoil be regarded as a legitimate excuse...

...One such development involving Cooper Union in New York City, hailed as a "victory" by the union, is instructive...

...What Bertrand Russell once said of Hegel seems applicable here: If you watch a bus approaching you during a bad London fog, you see first a vague blur of extra darkness, and you only gradually become aware of it as a vehicle with parts and passengers...

...On September 20 he was found guilty of violating party discipline for this infraction and instructed that he would be expelled if he did not meet the delegation by October 5. Kutcher wrote the party a plaintive letter, stating that he was not being defiant but had not attended the meeting because "I simply couldn't, physically or emotionally...