REVIEWS
Widick, B.J. & Stone, Douglas & Rabinowitch, Alexander & Siegel, Fred
EISENHOWER AND THE COLD WAR, by Robert Divine. New York: Oxford University Press. 155 pp. $14.95. EISENHOWER THE PRESIDENT: CRUCIAL DAYS, 1951-1960, by William Bragg Ewald, Jr. Englewood, N.J.:...
...But despite these concrete developments, the Eisenhower administration either refused to talk with the Russians or responded with such propaganda charades as Open Skies and Atoms for Peace proposals...
...12.05...
...In a famous speech recorded by Wolfe Stalin said to the defiant American delegation: Trotsky defied me...
...It would be some years before a more reflective Wolfe would question the defense of a totalitarian system...
...to 5:30 P.M...
...Actual no...
...Equally important is careful study of the impact of the political, social, and economic crises of the early Soviet years upon such institutions of popular self-rule as the soviets, the Bolshevik party, and, most fundamentally, upon the evolution of the Soviet political system...
...Eisenhower's sporadic notes to himself, now collected by Robert Ferrell as The Eisenhower Diaries, make it clear that Eisenhower's political and military ideas were fully developed long before his supposed capture...
...While my son and I were deliberating on whether to close down our operations, I read your article (February, 21980), which analyzed the different systems of businesses that were starting up on the Chinese mainland...
...copies of single issue published nearest to filing date-6,240...
...Historians in the Soviet Union have produced significant monographs on the course of the revolutions that are mandatory reading for all serious students in the field...
...The issue then was not whether there would be active planning of the economy, but who would do it—the private sector or the government...
...Perhaps Brody should have asked a more complex question...
...THE MOST SIGNIFICANT PART Of Wolfe's memoir deals with the second half of the 1920s—his break with Stalin and his expulsion from the Communist International...
...because he was an active Communist...
...9. For Completion by Nonprofit Organizations Authorized to Mail at Special Rates (Section 411.3, DM M...
...It was the purpose of his existence," wrote Murray Kempton, "never to be seen in what he did . . . . No thought was to be uttered undisguised...
...A small company was incorporated in Hongkong, and girls were trained in the intricacies of tying well over 1,000 different patterns of flies...
...He writes: The AFL stood four-square on the principle: it was the movement of all the nation's workers...
...Wolfe and others like him, however, believed that by following the Moscow line they were laying the foundations for a more humane America...
...We had four trained girls from Hongkong to teach the local girls...
...copies each issue during preceding 12 months-6,440...
...They disparaged his lack of intellect, his bumbling delivery, his country-club friends...
...Wage rates have worked out about one-eighth the amount we paid in Hongkong...
...The rebellion of the Decembrists is one of the more familiar episodes in modern Russian history, immortalized in the writings of Pushkin, Nekrasov, and Tolstoy...
...He was, of course, gravely mistaken...
...His views are contained in this group of essays, which might more appropriately have been called "Unions and Union Leadership...
...J. T. Wakefield, now living in Dorset, England writes: I read with interest your article on "China's enterprise zones" (July 11th...
...copies of single issue published nearest to filing date-140...
...David Brody is a bright young scholar who has made a serious effort to bring a new perspective to the study of American trade unions...
...Bukharin defied me...
...RUSSIA'S FAILED REVOLUTIONS: FROM THE DECEMBRISTS TO THE DISSIDENTS, by Adam B. Ulam...
...As for his bondage to big business, that too was a plus...
...This is the case with the reconstruction of occurrences during the July and October days...
...Any union lacking the mark of legitimacy was branded a dual and outlaw organization, an enemy to be given no quarter or sympathy...
...Lovestone continued to support Stalin's domestic policies hoping that with time a mellowed Stalin would welcome him back...
...copies each issue during preceding 12 months-240...
...Its many vignettes and episodes tell us much of the author's life and times— of his adolescent rejection of a theistic God...
...19.95...
...The Griffith article is by far the most insightful general discussion of the Eisenhower presidency to date...
...Actual no...
...Wolfe was the gifted child of immigrant German-Jewish parents in New York City...
...Virtually all of the important political figures of the time— Lvov, Miliukov, Kerensky, Komilov, Chkheidze, Guchkov, Chernov, and Martov—are seen as fearful of exercising political power and are made to appear ludicrous or are dismissed variously as "hapless," "inept," "bewildered," "befuddled," or "strong on oratory and weak on practical politics...
...Now the liberals are pilloried for being excessively interventionist at home and abroad...
...Here the potential interest is undercut by the absence of meaningful discussion of two episodes of central concern to his theme: the "Going to the People" movement of 1874 and 1875, when over a thousand young Populists went out into the countryside to preach socialism, only to be rebuffed by the naturally suspicious peasantry, and the subsequent terrorist campaign directed by the People's Will, which in March 1881 culminated in the assassination of Czar Alexander II...
...Cochran properly concludes that "if the radicals had an impact on the unions," then "unions had as great an impact on the radicals...
...Not a Robespierre or a Napoleon in the lot...
...This holds for the period James Weinstein covers in The Corporate Ideal in the Liberal State, and is doubly so for the 1930's...
...The diaries make it clear that while Eisenhower was genuinely reluctant to run for the presidency, he finally did so only because he felt that perhaps he alone could save the country from the perfidy of "creeping socialism...
...The characteristics adopted to meet nineteenth-century conditions proved remarkably inflexible—another of the great puzzles of American labor history—in the face of twentieth-century realities...
...They justly condemn Truman for "scaring the hell out of the American people" to gain his ill-advised Truman Doctrine...
...from Dean Acheson's College of Cowardly Communist Containment," and Dulles did rant on about atheistic Communists and God115 fearing allies, but the revisionists have an answer for this...
...This is not a mystery...
...Actual no...
...Actual no...
...Truman is condemned as being unconscionably aggressive, but Eisenhower is praised for threatening nuclear war in "defense" of those invaluable islands, Quemoy and Matsu...
...Yes, you will get back to America...
...The Bay of Pigs planned in his Administration blew up in Kennedy's...
...copies each issue during preceding 12 months— None...
...The Truman Doctrine and the executive loyalty program, they note, were announced within ten days of each other...
...By late 1979, however, it was apparent that high wages in, e.g., electronics, together with fastrising industrial costs, meant that we could not offer yet higher piecework rates and still remain competitive...
...His Three Who Made a Revolution (1948) stands as a seminal work on Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin...
...By June, we were ready to start our training program...
...his illegal hijinks into Spain during its Civil War...
...Yes, it's true that Nixon alliterated about "Adlai the appeaser" with a "Ph.D...
...30, 1981...
...It forces us to pay more attention to the role of radicals than is evident in Brody's book...
...Alexander Rabinowitch Why Has Liberalism Failed in Russia...
...On that fateful day, and in the immediately succeeding days, there were numerous tragicomic 119 episodes, as when Prince Serge Trubetskoy, designated to direct operations against the government, wandered aimlessly in the streets and then, panic stricken, hid out in the Austrian embassy, or when three of the Decembrists on the scaffold, too heavy for their ropes, survived an initial attempt to hang them...
...I made one particular request: we did not wish to be allocated premises in Shenzhen or its immediate environs...
...In every city to which I was sent I made it clear that to challenge our group was to challenge the Communist International which had spoken its word...
...We expect that sort of rhetoric from a memoirist, but we demand more of historians...
...The title, A Life in Two Centuries, reflects the notion that the 19th century truly began with Napoleon's fall in 1815, that it ended for Europe in 1914 and for the United States in 1917...
...The United Auto Workers' union represented a third and different case...
...The Eisenhower revisionists seem to think that because the academic reputations of Truman, Kennedy, and Johnson have sunk, it is necessary to raise those of first Hoover and now Eisenhower...
...Eisenhower, like Reagan, felt most at home in the company of wealthy and powerful men...
...Among revisionist academics at least we're a long way from the Herbiock cartoons that depicted a well-meaning simpleton taken in by John Foster Dulles...
...We pay the commune (through their nominated bank in Hongkong) according to the quantity of flies sent out...
...Civil rights...
...10017...
...of copies of single issue published nearest to filing date-4,040...
...when needed, without any change in piecework rates...
...From Ulam one gets no sense of the ways in which popular attitudes acted as a constraint on political leaders...
...He was a skillful manager of men, a tactful compromiser who always emphasized "teamwork...
...121 Douglas Stone Political Journey A LIFE IN Two CENTURIES, by Bertram D. Wolfe...
...If Eisenhower is to be praised for his prudence and his concern that excessive military expenditure was a threat to the economy, should he not be condemned for his brinksmanship, rhetorical and real, which kept the nation on the thin edge of hysteria for much of his first term even as the Russians waxed conciliatory...
...He [Forrestal] insisted [back in '44 and '45] they [the Russians] hated us, which I had reason to believe myself, I still do now, everybody does...
...His chapters on the uses of power— economic and political—are a reminder that unionism is here to stay and has more viability than current setbacks would suggest...
...The commune undertakes to pay the girls according to their individual production...
...Ewald's volume lends support to the arguments of such scholars as Robert Griffith and Richard Immerman,* who suggest that the Eisenhower administration should make us reconsider our ideas of what constitutes an activist presidency...
...After graduation from City College, Wolfe's first political interest was pacifism, just before America's entry into the war in 1917, and he was almost forced out of a high school teaching job for refusing to sign a loyalty pledge...
...F. Copies not Distributed...
...B. Annual Subscription Price: $12.00...
...I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete...
...Garry Wills even saw Eisenhower as a political genius...
...In his memoirs Eisenhower explained how his critics were really only self-seekers or jackals...
...The seizure of landlord estates by embittered peasants is brushed off as "occasional mayhem...
...They claim Eisenhower was a canny politician...
...copies each issue during preceding 12 months-985...
...New York: Basic Books...
...E. Total Distribution (Sum of C and D): Average no...
...Where is he...
...Richard Immerman, They Cried Wolf: The U.S...
...We have fixed in our minds the tableau of the vigorous FDR standing astride the fallen figure of Herbert Hoover...
...They claimed that his bondage to big business led America to abandon its democratic ideals in pursuit of indiscriminate alliances with petty dictators mouthing pieties of free enterprise...
...But then a terrible thing happened: after resisting the imprecations of the capitalist warmongers sometime in 1948 (just when is never specified), Dwight David Roosevelt's mind was captured by a band of plutocrats who turned his once fair head away from the paths to friendship with our Russian brothers...
...The non-historian Alexander Haig probably came far closer to the genuine historical impact of the Eisenhower presidency when he announced that he wanted to follow in Dulles's glorious footsteps...
...As for McCarthy, it's true the Wisconsin demagogue reached the heights of his popularity under Eisenhower, but then the wise leader cleverly cut him down to size by ignoring him...
...In the free, colorful style that has made all of his books a pleasure to read, Ulam makes the most of each dramatic moment...
...2. Mail Subscriptions: Average no...
...Hoover had in mind...
...In A Life in Two Centuries Wolfe has provided a valuable document, painstaking and meticulous and most readable...
...Regrettably, such central issues are not touched on in Russia's Failed Revolutions...
...After World War II and until his death in 1977, Wolfe published important books and articles on Soviet communism and Marxism, in addition to brilliant critiques on Spanish and Mexican art and economic development...
...copies each issue during preceding 12 months6,200...
...It took a quarter of a century to backfire...
...Brinkmanship, they argue, was a clever ploy to keep the enemy guessing while avoiding the need to commit land troops to Asia...
...I returned to Hongkong in March 1980, and, through a Chinese friend, made contact with the Shenzhen authorities who showed enthusiasm from the start for the setting up of a flytying undertaking in their administrative area...
...IKE'S SPIES: EISENHOWER AND THE ESPIONAGE ESTABLISHMENT, by Stephen Ambrose...
...One of the more extraordinary sections of Wolfe's memoirs deals with his half-year stay in Moscow in 1929 where he and Jay Lovestone challenged Stalin and were expelled from the Comintern...
...Predictably, then, what we have is a montage of personalities and episodes with relatively little attention paid to the underlying social and economic processes...
...Revisionists looking back on his Administration through the prisms of Vietnam, the collapse of the Great Society, and double-digit inflation have discovered a new heroic Ike, a man of quiet wisdom...
...Eisenhower has been widely praised for refusing to intervene in Vietnam in 1954...
...Ewald, a professor of English, was part of the Eisenhower administration and then assisted the ex-president in writing his memoirs...
...even Calvin Coolidge has been making a comeback...
...18.95...
...Usually a consignment is sent out once every three or four weeks...
...29.95...
...In seeking the answer to this problem, Ulam looks to the peculiar nature of Russian nationalism...
...10017...
...This view of Eisenhower's political skills was a prelude to the reevaluation of his foreign policy...
...Later, the retired president would serve, along with Acheson, on a "Citizen's Committee" in support of Johnson's Vietnam policies...
...Wolfe recalls how he reevaluated his political ideas, and consequently was transformed into an anti-Communist political thinker...
...By August, the draft agreement was converted into a five-year "labor only" contract...
...10017...
...Where is he...
...Nonetheless, with such key elements left out, readers of Russia's Failed Revolutions receive an unbalanced sense of events...
...For an understanding of their aspirations and political impact, and of how their "libertarian intentions" were frustrated, it is necessary to closely examine the bottom layers of Russian society in the revolutionary period...
...So it might seem, but a great deal of the revisionist interpretation depends on compartmentalizing Eisenhower's im116 pact...
...an effective chief-of-staff in Trotsky...
...Less valuable is his treatment of the populist movement of the 1860s and 1870s...
...At critical junctures, the opposition turned away from political freedom and liberal institutions because they were seen as incompatible with national strength...
...It was under Eisenhower and not Kennedy that U.S...
...It does not seem to have occurred to Ulam that soldiers, workers, and peasants might have had independent dissatisfactions of their own...
...They developed a theory of "American exceptionalism," arguing that the traditions and conditions of American life prescribed that American Communists must find their own path...
...After his expulsion from the party Wolfe spent about a decade in the "right" Lovestone faction of the American Communist movement...
...is straightforward—neither the government nor the opposition was able, at these times, "to opt clearly for freedom if its price seemed to involve a threat to the country's unity and greatness...
...This view is a break with Selig Perlman's theory of "job consciousness" as the rationale for American unionism...
...in Guatemala (Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, forthcoming...
...362 pp...
...Ulam's examination of the rebellion is engrossing...
...In response to the Palmer Red Raids of 1920, Wolfe moved from New York to San Francisco where he edited a labor journal...
...The Baku Commune, 1917-1918, by Ronald G. Suny, has helped encourage interest in the development of the revolution in other provincial cities and among minorities...
...And so, nurtured in one century, he matured in another...
...The book is filled with insider anecdotal jewels like the account of how Eisenhower seriously considered breaking the Catholic barrier by making a conservative Democrat, Governor Frank Lausche of Ohio, his running mate in 1956...
...Wrong, said the first Eisenhower revisionists, journalists writing in the late '60s...
...15.95...
...In Russia's Failed Revolutions, Adam B. Ulam sets for himself the task of determining why Western-style liberalism failed to become established in Russia, or, as he puts it, "What was it that at decisive moments has frustrated or flawed the libertarian intentions of Russia's revolutionaries and reformers...
...Where is he...
...Soldiers, "simple peasant lads befuddled by all that had been happening," were essentially patriotic and "resolutely opposed to a peace without victory" until corrupted by Leninist propaganda...
...In 1919, following Lenin's demand that all socialist parties acquiesce to Comintern policy, both Wolfe and John Reed wrote the "Left-Wing Manifesto" that called for the repudiation of "parliamentary democracy" and for the bolshevization of the movement...
...Thus a new academic construct, the revised Eisenhower, a man whose pure hands are never seen touching the leprous skin of the Nixons and Dulleses who surrounded him...
...The first volume of a two-part study of the Russian army in 1917 by Allan Wildman (The End of the Russian Imperial Army) has provided important new insights into the political behavior of Russian soldiers during and after the February revolution...
...257 pp...
...And please also be sure to enclose a stamped, self-addressed envelope...
...businessmen's concern with budget deficits at home forestalled military adventures abroad...
...This was not only, and not primarily, because they were disgraced and repudiated in the cold-war years—that might conceivably enhance their standing for another generation of rebels—but because, with their repeated changes of front and profession at the behest of a tyranny abroad, they fashioned themselves a Jesuitical and chameleon image, leaving a legacy both ambiguous and shady...
...A brief concluding chapter characterizes the nature of Soviet rule during and after Stalin and compares the role of 19th-century revolutionaries and reformers with that of today's dissidents...
...Actual no...
...The case for Eisenhower made first by William Appleman Williams and now by Robert Divine in his brief Eisenhower and the Cold War boils down to one word: "prudence...
...Whatever excuse there might have once been for the idea of a captive president was undercut when the Eisenhower private papers were opened in the mid-'70s...
...What Eisenhower had in mind was a managerial leadership that would exercise its authority through "a beautifully interlocked, smoothworking mechanism...
...Research by Oliver Radkey ( The Agrarian Foes of Bolshevism), William G. Rosenberg (Liberals in the Russian Revolution: The Constitutional Democratic Party, 1917-1921), and Paul Avrich (The Russian Anarchists) has clarified the history of the Socialist Revolutionary and Kadet parties and of the Anarchists of 1917...
...copies each issue during preceding 12 months-4,000...
...Then, for almost 60 years, Wolfe would live in a century that indeed is utterly different...
...8. Known Bondholders, Mortgagees, and Other Security Holders Owning or Holding 1 percent or more of total amount of Bonds, Mortgages, or other Securities: None...
...Thus forewarned, the reader is given a story of mistaken identity...
...the girls, and the provincial authority, respectively...
...The Austrian Treaty and the Finnish accommodation were instances of a modified Russian position...
...an organizational and tactical blueprint (dating back to What Is to Be Done...
...Finally, the idea of Eisenhower's foreign policy as a success depends on your time frame...
...In Mexico, over the next few years, he became fluent in Spanish, and came to know many of Mexico's leading intellectuals and artists...
...10017.5...
...Well they disappear to the margins of this story...
...copies of single issue published nearest to filing date-1,170...
...Revisionists such as Barton Bernstein have been keen on showing the connections between Truman's foreign policy and the Red Scare at home...
...B. Paid Circulation...
...10017...
...We now have a fully trained labor force of some 90 girls...
...To be sure, in 1825 some of the Decembrists may have hung back from resolute action because of lingering apprehensions that by damaging the Czarist system, they might bring harm to the country...
...On point after point, Ulam's assertions run counter to existing evidence...
...From 1953 to 1956, the years of the so-called "Thaw" inside Russia, the Soviets made numerous overtures aimed at reducing tensions...
...The impact of the "revolution from below" of ordinary citizens upon Bolshevik strategy and upon the party's success in 1917 is studied in my book The Bolsheviks Come to Power...
...Major developments of considerable complexity are oversimplified and even the sequence of important events, now precisely established, is confused...
...A Life in Two Centuries is Wolfe's posthumous autobiography...
...But meanwhile the Roosevelt legacy of friendship with the Great Russian Peoples and their Peace-Loving Leaders was carried on by Dwight David Roosevelt or Franklin Delano Eisenhower who, unbeknown to the people at the time, was the true heir to the throne...
...q To Our Contributors • When sending manuscripts, please make sure that you do not send your only copy...
...And so, by the end of 1919, he was one of the founders of the American Communist party...
...The new Eisenhower believed deeply in civil rights but, concerned with maintaining a broad base of support for reform and staying within Constitutional limits, he decided to move slowly...
...copies of single issue published nearest to filing date—None...
...What was the relationship between radicalism and American labor...
...Actual no...
...Nixon awaits his turn, but I suspect that before long William Appleman Williams, the godfather of revisionism, will elaborate on his hints that the Nixon/ Kissinger foreign policy represented a potentially liberating break from Cold War orthodoxy...
...I feared the same wage competition that had forced me to the wall in Hongkong would happen again in Shenzhen...
...There is an important difference, however, between this version of "liberals are the real enemy" and its '60s predecessor...
...were sent up by road (duty free at the border crossing) for the commune's workmen to install at their expense...
...The party then was largely transformed from a new vehicle of American radicalism into Moscow's obedient servant...
...They are happy to work to 7:30 P.M...
...No wages would be paid by us to girls during training...
...2. Returns from News Agents: Average no...
...John L. Lewis used Harry Bridges, but Harry Bridges did quite well in the deal between the CIO and the Communists...
...ULAM'S ANSWER to the question, "what was it that at decisive moments has frustrated or flawed the libertarian intentions of Russia's revolutionaries and reformers...
...Samples, Complimentary, and Other Free Copies: Average no...
...Rhetoric aside, Eisenhower's foreign policy was Truman's foreign policy...
...He also had the distinction of being the first American ever to be deported from a foreign country (Mexico) back to the U.S...
...What happened to people like Nixon, Dulles, and McCarthy, you might ask...
...1. Sales Through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors, and Counter Sales: Average no...
...As a direct result of his antiwar sympathies he became the founder and editor of a pacifist journal, Facts: The People's Peace Paper, but the journal died an early death, falling victim to the wartime Espionage Acts...
...less well known is the intervention that did take place, the support for Chiang's covert war against the mainland...
...Even the syntax was an instrument...
...3685...
...Basically, as he states, "I have found myself occupied with the issue of power, with the efforts of laboring people to assert some control over their working lives, and with the equal determination of American business to conserve the prerogatives of management...
...copies each issue during preceding 12 months-7,425...
...copies each issue during preceding 12 months-2,200...
...McCarthy, for all his partisan vulgarity, was useful, at least initially, because he had the New Dealers on the run...
...Actual no...
...In his book Labor and Communism, Bert Cochran provides more insightful answers to Brody's questions: Over the years, it was the radicals who initiated the governing ideas for labor changeover, and in the 1930s, when radicals meant Communists in the first instance, [they] supplied front line assault troops in a number of crucial campaigns and battles that brought new unionism into existence...
...Hoover the "Great Engineer" was by no means a dogmatic free marketeer...
...Eisenhower was an intemperate admirer of Truman's hard-line Secretary of Defense James Forrestal, who criticized Truman for being too soft with the Russians...
...WHAT IS STRIKING about Eisenhower is that he did so little with the freedom of action he enjoyed as a Republican facing a post-Stalinist leadership, interested for its own reasons in an accommodation with the United States...
...q B. J. Widick Unions & Radicals: Uneasy Relations WORKERS IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA, by David Brody...
...copies of single issue published nearest to filing date-7,550...
...At that time piecework rates were low in Hongkong, rents reasonable, and high-quality flies could be made at competitive prices...
...Weaknesses of a more fundamental kind undermine the treatment of the 1917 revolutions...
...But when you get there, nobody will be with you except your wives...
...after nine months they have now been withdrawn...
...During the 1930s Lovestone and his followers were in favor of political democracy, for united fronts of Communists and Socialists...
...Far better, they say, to stand with the golfer, a fellow who didn't try to do too much and therefore didn't do too much harm...
...Wolfe's story is a political pilgrimage traversed by many American and European intellectuals between the wars...
...foreign policy first viewed Third World countries not as nations with unique histories but as characterless ciphers, to be filled in by either free enterprise or communism...
...The revisionists Stephen Ambrose (Ike's Spies), Robert Divine (Eisenhower and the Cold War), and Barton Bernstein stand the Vital-Center view on its head...
...Lovestone went to Moscow in 1929 convinced that he could negotiate with Stalin as one leader of a Communist party with another...
...Eisenhower's economic and political views suggest why, despite his overwhelming electoral mandate and enormous popularity, he refused to speak out against McCarthy...
...The most curious case of revisionist Ike-onography is Blanche W. Cook's The Declassified Eisenhower: A Divided Legacy of Peace and Political Warfare...
...The treatment of Eisenhower by historians has become as interesting as the history of his presidency per se...
...In his personal account Wolfe admits he was then quite unfamiliar with these antidemocratic phrases yet, nevertheless, accepted them...
...he described federal money for colleges as "immoral," warning that such a policy would "lead to statism and, therefore, slavery...
...I suggested they find us a location some 30 or 40 miles from the border...
...it is largely the story of a man who took part in the history of the infant Communist movements in the United States, Mexico, and Soviet Russia...
...What's important is that Eisenhower has become a hero of sorts to some liberal and leftist writers and historians...
...There is a tiresome similarity to the techniques of revisionism...
...Girls normally work from 7:30 A.M...
...What are seen as the admirable qualities of the revisee are torn from their context, polished and magnified...
...As nearly as one can tell—there is no bibliography, and footnoting is skimpy and unsystematic—the account is based on a relatively small number of long-familiar memoirs and document compilations, most of them published in the 1920s and early 1930s...
...He could get up on his high horse when it came to direct government action...
...Eisenhower insisted, much in the manner of Reagan today, that it simply wasn't possible to discuss substantive matters with godless Communists...
...The new praise for such an Administration is based on a double standard...
...Without satisfactorily providing an answer, Brody also asks, "What was there in the character of American trade unionism that made it an exploiter of radicalism, rather than vice versa...
...In Prelude to Revolution, I examined internal divisions within the Bolshevik party in the aftermath of the February revolution, and the party's role in the abortive July uprising...
...Divine, for instance, makes no mention of the way Dulles gutted the State Department, ridding it of the liberal experts on Asia who might have been able to stand in the way of our Vietnam "adventure...
...Or, as Williams puts it, ". . . he [Ike] alone cooled [the Cold War] down...
...When, in January of 1951, an unpopular Truman faced problems with Congress, Eisenhower went on radio and TV to win support for Truman's plan to send arms and men to Europe...
...Nixon and Dulles were simply used by Eisenhower as talismans against the witch hunters of the Republican right...
...Eisenhower never interfered with McCarthy because he fundamentally agreed with him...
...copies of single issue published nearest to filing date6,380...
...Nor does it appear that the book is based on significant primary research...
...Since it takes up to three months to train a girl to tie flies to a commercial standard, this was quite a concession on their part...
...and a "united and disciplined party...
...Editors: Irving Howe, 521 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y...
...There radicalism blended with old-style unionism to create a new, dynamic union: that blend was Reutherism...
...Later Wolfe would break with communism and become a leading anti-Communist intellectual...
...of copies of single issue published nearest to filing date-2,200...
...The October revolution was a coup d'etat, nothing more...
...Those familiar with the historiography of the revolution will quickly recognize this as the traditional view, which recent scholarship has brought into question...
...In the 1960s the complaint was that domestically the liberals were hopelessly timid...
...Extent and Nature of Circulation: A. Total No...
...Substantial chapters are devoted to the origins of radical and populist movements in the 1860s and 1870s, the revolution of 1905, the Duma period, the February 1917 revolution, and the October revolution...
...A draft was signed, there and then...
...of Issues Published Annually: Four...
...Moreover, those who were then asleep are now professional patriots and Russian haters...
...Wolfe was an active member of the Mexican Communist movement, and was rewarded for his service by being sent as its representative to the meetings of the Communist International in 1924...
...Gradually Wolfe transformed himself from an antiwar neophyte into a radical intellectual...
...That intervention kept the pot boiling in Asia even in the face of the SinoSoviet split and led into a war in Vietnam directed at the Vietnamese surrogates of what were supposed to be Russia's Chinese puppets...
...The argument makes little sense...
...Brody argues well against one school of labor history: The trouble with the New Left analysis is its failure to recognize that power and interest can be issues of deadly conflict even in a system in which men agree on the fundamentals...
...One of the more striking revelations in Wolfe's memoirs is the fact that many of the young people who joined the party that fateful year knew nothing of socialism or Marxism except that it seemed to stand solid and brave against the war...
...In 1969, some two years after I retired from administrative service with the Hongkong government, I decided to put an idea of mine into practice—to train Chinese girls to tie fishing flies...
...At times radicals exploited the labor movement, at other times labor union leaders exploited radicals...
...Of all the new books on Eisenhower, the most valuable is the most faithful, William Bragg Ewald's Eisenhower the President...
...It was clear from the facts and figures given that China was our answer...
...The left Menshevik Sukhanov, upon whose recollections Ulam leans especially heavily, is "a representative of that breed of the Russian intelligent[sia] of whom it has been said that they knew about everything and could do nothing...
...Wolfe was born in 1896 and spiritually brought up in "the century of peace and progress...
...HOW THEN EXPLAIN this new-found devotion to Eisenhower...
...History is most relevant for the present when it is most faithful to the past...
...Every president is a hero to someone...
...In the construction of the narrative, focused mainly on politics at the top, consideration has not been taken of the large body of recent scholarship on the period, in which attention has been centered on the social history of the time...
...He envisioned a private but rationalized economy run by skilled managers...
...Doubleday...
...After visiting the building, they proposed the details of a "labor only" agreement, worked out in only three hours...
...He, too, wanted to be the "vicar" of foreign policy...
...Zinoviev defied me...
...I have had some experience of working in the Shenzhen area . . . and found the Technical Planning Authority in Shenzhen most helpful and understanding...
...4. Complete mailing address: Foundation for the Study of Independent Social Ideas, Inc., 521 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y...
...That the revolutionaries' overriding concern for Russian strength caused them to back away from democratic principles is stated as a conclusion to this chapter, but this theme is not explicitly related to the aims and outlooks of the individuals and groups here considered...
...Actual no...
...Ike, he claimed, only appeared to be doing nothing...
...I made it explicit that to challenge this cable was to question the authority of the Comintern...
...I suspect it originates with a version of the '60s cry that the liberals are the REAL ENEMY and its historiographic corollary, "anyone but Truman...
...of course...
...In fact, he hid his activity because he had "the true professional's instinct for making things look easy...
...Unfortunately for them, for all their prominence in the CIO's formative history, and their central position in the left milieu for thirty years, the Communists could not create a compelling myth nor bequeath a romantic tradition, as did the IWW or Debs socialists before them...
...Traditional forms of law, order, and nationalism were foreign to the outlook of the masses of workers, soldiers, and peasants who overturned the Czarist regime and who, in the end, facilitated the consolidation of Bolshevik rule...
...7. Owner: Foundation for the Study of Independent Social Ideas, Inc., 521 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y...
...Unfortunately, we do not learn the specific steps Wolfe took to completely disassociate himself from communism...
...Copies Printed (Net Press Run): Average no...
...The greatness, unity, and power of the Russian Empire were, in his view, of supreme concern to Russia's revolutionaries and reformers, as well as to its governments...
...1. Office Use, Left Over, Unaccounted, Spoiled after Printing: Average no...
...If business failed to plan for the postwar world," warned Paul Hoffman, a leading Eisenhower booster, "the government will be forced to stop and collectivism will come to America by default rather than design...
...He presented himself as a man of extraordinary wisdom who had handled each and every crisis courageously, morally and, of course, successfully...
...For Ulam, lack of governmental authority imposed by the Provisional Government in Petrograd is quite enough to explain the deepening of the revolution after February and the spread of revolutionary excesses to the provinces...
...Vital-Center" liberals joked about the Eisenhower doll, wind it up and it does nothing...
...PIONEERING ESSAYS published in the Slavic Review in the mid-1960s by Leopold Haimson illuminated the potentially explosive political and social tensions festering in Russian cities on the eve of the war and stimulated interest among graduate students in a number of American universities and abroad in the history of Russian labor and in the application of social science methodology to the study of Russian society...
...Eisenhower had made his military reputation not as a field commander but as organizer of vast military enterprises like the invasion of Normandy...
...Within two weeks various pieces of equipment (in particular air conditioners, work-bench materials, electric wirings, etc...
...Yet this theme is not systematically applied to the events examined in the book—nor can it be applied consistently...
...Like so many other bright youngsters of immigrant Jews, he attended CCNY, where he had the good fortune of attending Morris Raphael Cohen's classes in philosophy...
...Location of the Headquarters of General Business Offices of the Publishers: 521 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y...
...It may be that this vital portion of the story was omitted because these episodes were the central focus of one of Ulam's previous books, on Russian populism, In the Name of the People...
...For these historians, it is Eisenhower's sense of proportion that separates Ike the Good from Truman the Bad...
...Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday...
...It can also be argued that liberals who sublimated their immediate political goals in late 1905, before the struggle against the autocracy had been fully won, and who at the start of World War I pledged unqualified support to a government already under Rasputin's sway, did so principally out of a concern for unity, order, and national greatness...
...2. Date of Filing: Sept...
...When the unstable Forrestal killed himself in July of '49, Eisenhower mourned him deeply and rebuked the Democrats in his private diary...
...This they did in a matter of days...
...The book begins with an account of the Decembrist rebellion of 1825...
...Wolfe writes: 122 At every membership meeting I quoted the Comintern cable with unction, as if it were perpetual endorsement and holy writ...
...copies of single issue published nearest to filing date-7,550...
...but it did...
...Eisenhower, on the other hand, is praised because Dulles's far more exaggerated rhetoric served in Bernstein's words "valuable domestic political functions...
...The entries for 1945 and 1946 show that he was already a harsh economic conservative and a foreign policy hawk in tune with the drift of the Truman administration's stance toward Russia...
...But Hoover was as convinced as FDR that planning is crucial to a modern economy...
...3. Frequency of Issue: Quarterly...
...His diaries are filled with apocalyptic warnings about how the "preser118 vation of freedom" is threatened by the "internal Munichs" of union victories in the coal fields and the "paternalism," "dictatorship," and "creeping socialism" of the New Deal...
...Eisenhower was just the kind of skilled manager *Robert Griffith, "Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Corporate Commonwealth: An Interpretation of the President and His Presidency," forthcoming, American Historical Review...
...And what of the Dulles brothers' master stroke—the 1953 coup in Iran...
...It does not reach the phase of his life when Wolfe attained recognition for his writings on Soviet Russia...
...The basic terms specify that: • The authorities would provide premises (an excellent building—rather like a church hall in Britain), electricity, staff accommodation, their own administrative personnel, etc., free of charge...
...An especially vivid part of these memoirs is his narration of his deep and long friendship with the temperamental Mexican artist Diego Rivera...
...Indeed, the crucial period between the February and October revolutions appear as no less a tragicomedy than the Decembrist rebellion...
...THE DECLASSIFIED EISENHOWER: A DIVIDED LEGACY OF PEACE AND POLITICAL WARFARE, by Blanche Wiesen Cook...
...Englewood, N.J.: Prentice-Hall...
...Earlier in the book he suggests why he can't answer that question...
...Eisenhower complained that Truman's pennypinching policies were keeping the army dangerously weak...
...STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, AND CIRCULATION (Required by 39 U.S.C...
...Disgusted with those Socialists who supported America's entry into the war Wolfe allied himself with the "left wing" of the Socialist party...
...We can only imagine what such evenhanded historians would have suggested if Truman, like Eisenhower, had answered a reporter's query about the use of atomic weapons during the 1955 confrontation with China by commenting, "I see no reasons why they [nuclear weapons] shouldn't be used exactly as you use a bullet or anything else...
...Subsequent related research by Haimson, and by his doctoral students, has shed new light on virtually all major political and social groups and institutions in the pre-World War I period...
...Shortly after training began we did have some minor frustrations, but all these were solved with a little give and take on both sides...
...The title refers to the way Eisenhower cried communism to justify the overthrow of the Arbenz reform government in Guatemala...
...Politicians catering to that selfishness, he argued, produced "the handout state" which threatened the freedom of the enterprising...
...We would provide all fittings, etc., to equip the premises, which they would assemble free of charge...
...Few, if any, American ex-Communists have written so vivid a memoir...
...It is said, for example, that the 120 policies of the Bolsheviks between 1903 and 1914 had brought the party to the verge of extinction as a' serious political force, although Haimson finds that a Bolshevik resurgence had taken place between 1912 and 1914...
...G. Total (Sum of E, F 1 and 2—should equal net press run shown in A): Average no...
...Ike," in the words of Robert Griffith, "was a product of the organizational revolution which had transformed American life in the twentieth century, a member of the new managerial class which led the great public and private bureaucracies that dominated the nation...
...Lenin emerged victorious, we are to believe, because he possessed an appetite for power...
...Truman and Eisenhower collaborated in creating NATO and in defending internationalism...
...And you...
...He describes in a compelling way the activities of the various secret societies and the behavior of key Decembrists during the rebellion on December 14, 1825...
...For nearly 30 years, Bertram D. Wolfe was a prolific commentator on Soviet affairs...
...with two hours for lunch...
...The purpose, function and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for federal income tax purposes have not changed during preceding 12 months...
...Soon thereafter he and his wife moved to Mexico (without party permission) to teach English in a high school...
...You will see from this system that all parties to the operation—we, the commune, the girls, and the provincial authorities—are keen to keep up a high production...
...Vital-Center liberals and socialists criticized Eisenhower for his nuclear brinksmanship...
...New York: W. W. Norton...
...EISENHOWER'S STATUS as a war hero, his staunchly conservative sentiments, and his ideas for a voluntarily regulated corporate economy made him enormously appealing to the postwar leaders of big business, who feared further extensions of the New Deal...
...Reacting to his critics during the flap over Charles Wilson, he snapped, "Whom would you rather have in charge of the Department of Defense, some failure who never did anything or a successful businessman...
...Immerman's carefully wrought study provides an important backdrop both for Castroism and the current crisis in Central America...
...He wanted to replace the chaos of the market with private technical expertise and voluntary corporate planning...
...The authority to speak as labor's voice in the public arena belonged to the Federation alone, and it claimed the sole right to grant jurisdictions and charters to national unions...
...This good sense, they say, kept him from dragging the country into the kind of disastrous foreign involvements concocted by his liberal predecessor Truman and successor Kennedy...
...The evolution of mass organizations—soviets, trade unions, factory committees, and the like—and the course of the social revolution in both urban and rural Russia are the focus of The Russian Revolution by John Keep...
...Well, here too it seems the liberals were mistaken...
...Ulam asserts that on the eve of the February revolution "among the bulk of the frontline troops, morale stood quite high," but Wildman has shown conclusively that at the time the disintegration of the Czarist army was already well advanced...
...Stepping straight from the pages of his own memoirs, this Ike was the last president to serve two full terms, a man who extricated America from Korea and prevented us from going into Indochina, while keeping the economy in tune with a mere 1.5 percent inflation...
...anyone who does not show aptitude is asked by the commune to return to other work in her brigade (the modern name in China for a village...
...6. Names and Complete Addresses of Publisher, Editor, and Managing Editor: Publisher: Foundation for the Study of Independent Social Ideas, Inc., 521 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y...
...With one minor exception, there is no indication that Ulam has drawn upon or taken into consideration the conclusions of the scholarly works listed above, many of which differ fundamentally from his...
...453 pp...
...728 pp...
...The sum we pay is divided 40:40:20 between the commune (to pay for electricity, administration, etc...
...Cook opens by telling the reader that "after browsing through the public record" she concluded that "Eisenhower was the most undervalued and misunderstood statesman of the twentieth century...
...10017...
...While he tends to consider participants in the movement, as indeed virtually all Russian revolutionaries and reformers, to be immature misfits of one kind or another, he draws insightful portraits of the leading Decembrists...
...SIMONE PLASTRIK, Business Manager 124 Capitalist Enterprise in China Or How to Cut Wages to the Bone A reader, Mr...
...From the ECONOMIST, London, August 1, 1981...
...Given the current problems of the union movement, Brody's book is useful reading for students of labor who want to retain a balanced perspective...
...Wolfe joined the Socialist party in 1917, motivated by his antiwar sentiments and the recent triumph of Russia's Bolshevik revolution that claimed to be building a glorious New Mecca...
...Murray exploited the CP more than it was able to exploit him...
...We would pay the commune authorities an agreed piecework rate per dozen flies tied...
...his physical "escape" from the Soviet Union after his expulsion from the Comintern...
...In Asia the Administration truckled to Chiang and the China lobby...
...Why a movement rooted as the AFL was in a narrow and particularistic section of the American working class should have developed so abiding a sense of exclu123 sive legitimacy remains one of the great mysteries of American labor history...
...Wolfe asserts that he himself knew better, and that Lovestone was wrong for trying to regain his old position by siding with the brutal dictator...
...later he suggested that the Korean War might never have taken place if Truman had not kept American forces at a dangerously low level...
...However, at the time of the Revolution members of the Russian upper and middle classes who shared such sentiments still constituted only a small minority of the Russian population...
...If anything, Eisenhower was critical of Truman for exactly those qualities that had led the revisionists to praise the general at the expense of the haberdasher...
...D. Free Distribution by Mail, Carrier, or Other Means...
...The Good King (FDR) was succeeded by a false heir (Harry Truman...
...Eisenhower was heavily influenced by Hoover, a man he "admired extravagantly...
...Ike" was capable of being every bit as callous as Hoover, as when he dismissed the economic fears of working America with the taunt, "If all that Americans want is security they can go to prison...
...322 pp...
...copies each issue during preceding 12 months-7,425...
...We are not responsible for hiring or firing the girls...
...They praised Eisenhower as a cunning man of peace whose threats of nuclear assault brought peace to Korea, and later avoided war over Quemoy and Matsu...
...Mistaken for FDR's legatee, Truman was in fact, like most liberals, an incipient fascist in dove's clothing...
...THE EISENHOWER DIARIES, edited by Robert Ferrell...
...The most extreme version of the Truman as devil theory takes the form of Garry Wills the ex-Buckleyite and Lillian Hellman the ex-Stalinist teaming up 117 (in Scoundrel Time) to argue that Truman, and Truman alone, was responsible for the evils of the Cold War...
...Actual no...
...During the two-hour lunch break, I have often seen girls working in the fields—in most cases in their families' private plots...
...251 pp...
...We would provide all the materials to make the flies and they would see to it that these goods had free entry over the border...
...Thus, provided anyone contemplating establishing an industry in China can devise a method of piecework payments for the goods he is to produce, there need be little grounds for criticism of laziness, etc...
...Who are you...
...C. Total Paid Circulation (Sum of 10B1 and 10B2): Average no...
...Brody rejects any simplistic Marxist view as a hypothesis for understanding 20th-century unionism, although he recognizes the reality of class struggles...
...324 pp...
...In recent years Robert Taft, Henry Wallace, and now Eisenhower have been held up by some historians as shining alternatives...
...Eisenhower had a contempt for the disorder of political competition and he loathed what he saw as the petty selfishness of the masses...
...In a passage that illustrates Ulam's conception of the revolution and its result Ulam writes: "For all the historian's predilection to ascribe great events to social and economic causes transcending personalities, the course of the revolution was indeed determined by the qualities and deficiencies of a handful of people...
...New York: Stein & Day...
...Managing Editor: Edith Tarcov, 521 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y...
...Philip Murray used the CP for the toughest jobs in organizing steel, then dumped it unceremoneously when it suited his purposes...
...I. Title of Publication: DISSENT A. Publication No.: 00123846...
...A. No...
...The Petrograd soviet, prototype for similar institutions of grass-roots democracy throughout the country and the possessor of considerable independent authority by virtue of the loyalty it commanded among ordinary citizens, emerges as simply a "pell-mell assembly," a forum for "revolutionary pyrotechnics," "addicted to the most common feature of all revolutions: endless, usually bombastic oratory...
Vol. 29 • January 1982 • No. 1
