A THIRD PATH FOR ENERGY
Bromwich, David & Plastrik, Stanley & Howe, Irving & Ross, Benjamin & Eban, Abba & Gottlieb, Sanford & Ribuffo, Leo P.
In the summer 1979 Dissent we printed several articles on the energy problem, from various points of view. Below appears another article, in line with our policy of providing a forum fora range...
...We'll return later to the question of whether SALT II is worth the effort...
...Ratification of SALT II would also open the door to consummation of a number of other negotiations, now `on hold" awaiting Senate action...
...In such a case, these trilateral negotiations would take place during the U.S...
...It was only in late middle age that Mitterand reached this position, and his standard French rhetoric, studded with abstractions, still seems rather uncomfortable when employing Marxist language...
...FRANCE TODAY is the only major industrial nation of the West in which the working class is still deprived of all influence on the government...
...But opposition to the war in Vietnam and American involvement never, for us, rested on any delusions regarding the significance of a Communist victory...
...New housing would have to be laid out in corrridors to allow efficient use of mass transit and district heat...
...Reeducated...
...But are these terms still of much use here...
...You are not facing judges...
...contributions to it...
...But he ended his attack on Rocard and Mauroy by saying, "Come back...
...Nixon seemed drunk and said, "Wait a minute --Bebe [Rebozo, Nixon's special pal] has something to say to you...
...Eds...
...Once you've established an Arab self-governing authority, you're halfway home...
...Inflation aside, 382 because the conventional wisdom in Washington and across the country sees a steadily growing Soviet threat...
...Crimes are committed by criminals...
...It was not a complete neutrality, for the North Vietnamese Communists had established military "sanctuaries" on an eastern chunk of Cambodian soil...
...Let us hope for a remission of her latest absence, and in the meantime bear in mind a too easily forgotten difference between the positions of Ms...
...In 1970 Cambodia was invaded by large American and South Vietnamese forces, thereby bringing both the destruction and the politics of the Vietnam war to a people who had not asked for it and could not cope with it...
...The important point here is not whether Commoner knows Marxism, but that his thought on this matter is, despite his obvious good intentions, socially retrograde...
...The response of the left to the crisis of accountability will only be effective if it addresses as well the issue of supply and demand...
...in nearby Vietnam...
...We are not, after all, committed to the Jordanian monarchy...
...Such a company, which has been proposed in Congress in the form of a Federal Oil and Gas Corporation, would at the very least serve as a benchmark by which to judge the performance of its private competitors...
...It's almost a law...
...Rebozo came on the line: "The President wants you to know that if this doesn't work, Henry, it's your ass...
...A realistic program must follow a third path, avoiding both the corporate fixation on expansion of the present energy system (which has seduced many trade unionists as well) and the retrograde obstructionism that has become typical of some environmentalists...
...Rocard, while not rejecting in principle union de la gauche, does not place it at the center of the SP perspective...
...At stake, nevertheless, is nothing less than varying evaluations of socialism and how to achieve it...
...The free-enterprise myth has had its most pernicious effects on the discussion of energy supply alternatives...
...Rocard has been much influenced by the experience of the Swedish socialists, and he stresses the fact that in Sweden, while no "full socialism" has been reached, the life of the working class (and of others too) has been significantly improved under Socialist 386 governments, even though without much nationalization...
...The raids were begun under the prompting of the U.S...
...All Americans do not in fact walk a "path of common purpose...
...Indeed, most civilians during World War II enjoyed safety and prosperity as well as Wrigley's gum...
...Socialist society will be based on not the abolition but the intensification of labor...
...frustration in Vietnam, where massive attacks and bombings were proving of small value against guerrilla troops...
...Even if a nationalization movement were somehow to be successful, the companies would have to be administered by the same people that are managing them now...
...The scale of the operations required to supply energy is enormous...
...Apartment buildings would replace single-family homes...
...Appropriate terms...
...Moreover, since SALT II would provide the base upon which follow-on agreements can be written, it should take much less time to negotiate than in the past...
...The 100 members of the U.S...
...It has no big-power allies, one small ally (Vietnam) and a number of client states (Afghanistan, Angola, Cuba, Ethiopia, and South Yemen...
...But their enormous economic and environmental costs make the Carter program's reliance on them to support the current mix of energy uses most unwise...
...Dayan, a little less attached to semantic exactitude, said that it could very well happen, but then we would simply send in the Israeli Army and stop them— in other words, stop them in the act of proclaiming their independence...
...Unfortunately, SALT II permits deployment of the MX and air-launched cruise missiles...
...On the other hand, the Soviets have been expelled from more African countries (Egypt, Guinea, Somalia, Sudan) than those in which sizable numbers of their Cuban surrogates are now stationed (Angola and Ethiopia...
...Ain't that right, Bebe," slurred Nixon...
...The growth of their conventional forces has enabled the Soviets to engage in one new use of military power: transporting Cuban troops to Africa...
...Also arrayed against Ms...
...I cannot build a model of incentives that would explain why he, if he is in his right mind—and he is a lucid man indeed— should want the West Bank...
...Baez are William Kunstler, once an attorney for the Chicago Seven, and Leonard Weinglas, another lawyer for the Seven, who has described the Baez letter as "a national slander...
...The Soviets already import grain and technology from the West...
...New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979...
...The definition of "adequate," it should be noted, turns out to be that people in solar-heated homes will just have to freeze when it stays cloudy too long...
...it was not in the least the air of contempt, but thoughtful, tranquil, convenient absense, after which she came back to the point where she wished to be...
...in this context, William James coined his much abused phrase, the "moral equivalent of war...
...These talks offer another opportunity, provided there is the will, to limit these new weapons...
...The management of the pools is chosen by the (mostly privately owned) utility companies, but to the day-to-day operations of a power pool the existence of separate utility companies must seem a legal fiction whose only real effect is to create irrelevant paperwork for accountants...
...the official, secret records show that it had never taken place...
...the Mauroy and Rocard groups accounted for 38 percent...
...Rocard, by contrast, comes out of a militant leftist background but has moved rapidly toward a social democratic—or, if you prefer, democratic socialist—point of view...
...We have recently been hearing outcries that the fate of "the boat people" in Southeast Asia, caused by the shameful policies of the Hanoi government, should lead to a reconsideration of our opposition to the Vietnam war...
...Mitterand...
...In return for a pledge of abstinence by the non-nuclear weapon states, the United States and the U.S.S.R...
...The present system of collectivized production and individual consumption accommodates the interests of the energy corporations all too well...
...The large scale of district heating plants also offers the option of eventually eliminating the use of oil through the installation of a nuclear or coal system...
...When choosing among these technologies, planners must balance the cost of fuel against the differences in capital costs...
...In characteristic Nixonian fashion, the matter was disposed of rather simply: start the war but don't declare it...
...More energy can, to be sure, be obtained from the forests...
...By contrast, the well-planned urban growth of Sweden and other northern European countries has involved great expansion of district heating over the last 30 years...
...Sihanouk, no fool, predicted that in consequence the Khmer Rouge would take over Cambodia and that the resulting regime would resemble Albania far more than Yugoslavia...
...was not directly implicated in this coup, though it must surely have been undertaken with an expectation of U.S...
...there is tremendous political and economic development in Jordan these days...
...a nation torn to shreds...
...In his study of Marxist economics, Commoner has somehow failed to come across the idea that capital represents an accumulation of past labor...
...that the very existence of suburban neighborhoods is inextricably tied to rapidly disappearing supplies of gasoline—all this escapes the self-indulgent governor...
...continued the futile, bloody policy of trying to prop up the unproppable Lon Nol...
...problems for Soviet problems—or U.S...
...It's reprinted here with permission...
...Writing of an apolitical doctor to whom he had talked in one of the camps, the journalist noted: "He is here, in his black pajamas, thin, intimidated, his eyes lifeless...
...As in so many other areas, he is concerned more with soothing the feelings of the affluent than with resolving social and economic difficulties...
...These are the power pools, which should be transformed into regional publicly owned power production companies on the model of the British electricity generating boards...
...There are also significant differences with regard to l'union de la gauche—the Union of the Left (which means primarily electoral pacts with the Communists...
...It is not a place where militants may find their happiness in serving some transcendent cause...
...Whether this constitutes a slight exaggeration is not for me to say...
...And if you believe, as I do, that Camp David has for these reasons made an Arab destiny inevitable in the West Bank and Gaza, then we ought to be considering how Israel should rescue its basic interests, which are modest but crucial territorial change, demilitarization, military balance, mutual accessibility— those things that would make an Arab West Bank feasible for Israel...
...Only those who in opposing the war also gave support to the Communist regime in Hanoi or favored the Vietcong have any reason for repentance...
...He was right...
...Hussein's rejection of a West Bank claim is authentic, and it makes sense...
...Yet, a policy of this sort has been proposed almost invariably by those European socialist parties with the responsibility of guiding their countries' economies...
...Today coal furnaces must be equipped with complex and expensive pollution-control devices...
...Moreover, afflicted by their latest failure of nerve, some welfare-state liberals may not point out that a 5 percent loss of real income, for instance, hurts more if a family makes $10,000 annually instead of $100,000...
...Yet the President probably thinks that he can inspire the country down the "path of common purpose...
...Like turn-of-thecentury progressives who saw expert public service as a "moral equivalent of war," he believes in both the gospel of efficiency and in a national consensus among all classes, regions, and ethnic groups...
...He is therefore able to painstakingly demonstrate the large amount of labor required to build solar energy facilities...
...Significantly, when Carter uses the analogy of war, he thinks of World War II, which, despite more mistakes and divisions than we choose to remember, was largely successful...
...That will not happen overnight...
...It accuses the Mitterandists of following a "suicidal policy" by refusing to admit candidly the reality of recent electoral setbacks, by refusing consequently to analyze the reasons for these defeats, and by refusing to grasp the nature of the economic crisis in France...
...To a large extent, the Cambodian action repeated the failures of Vietnam: large-scale sweeps that never swept up guerrillas, massive bombings that did more damage to Cambodian civilians than to Communist troops...
...He sees the construction of a socialist society as a slow organic process over the years, with market forces (though not of course an unregulated market) allowed to play a major role...
...From an article by Nat Hentoff, Village Voice, May 28, 1979 390 Henry James's Princess Casamassima, with the same "clear faculty of completely ignoring things of which she wished to take no account...
...I would imagine, on the Likud side, the assumption is that the Palestine Arabs can always be trusted to do what is against their own best interests...
...Baez assumed would require only decency has turned into an act that required courage...
...The treaty would oblige the Soviets to scrap 250 missile launchers or bombers in order to come down to the mutual ceiling of 2,250 delivery vehicles...
...Kissinger, in one of his strange ventures into humor, had once said: "The illegal we do immediately, the unconstitutional takes a little longer...
...The fortunes of political movements change rapidly these days...
...tacitly agreed to tolerate these "sanctuaries...
...commander in Vietnam, General Abrams, who proposed to destroy "in a single blow" the Communist "central headquarters" in the portion of Cambodia overrun by the North Vietnamese...
...Private ownership of electric utilities has meanwhile reached the point of patent absurdity, illustrated most graphically by the collectivization of the dispatching function...
...But employ it he does...
...In that jurisdictional conflict, sympathy is invariably with the indigenous self-government and not with the occupying force...
...The intensity of the quarrel between the 385 Mitterand leadership and the minority far exceeds that of the former struggle between the Mitterandists (who then included both Rocard and Mauroy) and the leftist CERES of a year or two ago...
...Predictably, one result was that the Vietnamese Communists in Cambodia, seeking to disperse their bases, pushed much deeper into that hapless country and thereby imperiled Sihanouk's neutralist policy...
...Secretary of State Cyrus Vance committed the Administration to an increase in the Fiscal 1981 budget during the hearings...
...The only people who want the Jordanian solution are the Israeli Labor party...
...A French "New Right" is about to enter the political arena...
...It is therefore entirely appropriate to advocate the public ownership of this industry...
...A just victory in the "energy war" ultimately requires changes in the structure of power within American society...
...Though the party atmosphere is embittered, it seems there will be no immediate split...
...An equally important element of a program to avoid energy shortages must be the reduction of demand through conservation...
...There will be enormous pressure to remove the barriers to deployment of cruise missiles after 1981 and the Carter administration has already made a commitment to the MX mobile missile...
...that solar-heated suburbanites actually use more fuel than inner-city apartment dwellers...
...and besides, there is much doubt that she is a lady...
...and the ideological leftist faction (CERES), organized by Jean-Pierre Chevenement, held the 15 percent balance...
...But that can't exist when you have a national movement that happens to occupy all the territory concerned...
...And one day the authority meets in a museum in Ramallah, and all they have to do is read out the American Declaration of Independence, unilaterally, saying, "It's been very nice to know you but we've now decided to separate, and we set forth the reasons wherefore we separate from the union wherein we were held, and out of a decent respect for the opinion of mankind, we set forth the reason for which such separation is hereby enacted"—and 130 countries will recognize them the next morning...
...He breaks down weeping before the American representative, General Alexander Haig, though what ministrations this dull militarist offered the Cambodian we do not know...
...It was Joan Baez who pleaded for an end to the war, while Jane Fonda deprecated any outcome except a victory for North Vietnam...
...What is new and regrettable is to have made a personal issue of it...
...The world is a complicated place...
...at any rate, there is nothing on the horizon that refutes that scenario...
...Senator George McGovern and Admiral Noel Gayler (U.S...
...But how real are the differences on l'union de la gauche—unless, of course, as the Communists often charge and some observers farther right suspect, Rocard and perhaps even Mitterand have in mind a new political bloc between Socialists and a moderate center...
...Politically, Leonid Brezhnev will be tottering to his last hurrah at a time when ethnic minorities— largely Muslim—are approaching half the size of the Soviet population...
...The election will be for a self-governing Arab authority, replacing the Israeli administration...
...committed themselves in Article VI of the treaty "to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament...
...Even with its present privatized and overly decentralized organization, the nuclear industry has established a record as one of the safest of heavy industries...
...More recently, while heroes died at Normandy, Philip Wrigley convinced rationing panels that chewing gum was an asset to national defense...
...Paul Thibaud, editor of the monthly Esprit, was the first to point out that "Rocardism" represents another "culture," another tradition in the history of French socialism...
...There'll be an intense effort by the United States and Egypt, and by some of their own Palestinian intellectuals, to warn against the all-or-nothing syndrome, telling them, "Take this institution, ignore the rhetoric...
...Fonda finds herself in a curious handshake with those of the new right who prefer their welfare rolls trim and their memory short...
...Whether one and a half years of mutual suspicion and name-calling can be eradicated is uncertain...
...And Lacouture, who for so many years had used precise reporting to help win worldwide support for the new government, now said sadly, "It is always more difficult to be the friend of the conquerors...
...The SALT II hearings in the Senate Foreign Relations and Armed Services Committee have revealed a broad consensus for more arms racing— at least for more military spending...
...The rest is common knowledge: a military victory for the Khmer Rouge, their appalling totalitarian regime that seems to have been founded on the belief that 1984 was a prescription rather than a warning...
...Shortly before the fall of the Cambodian capital, some deadly words were spoken by Um Sim, the Cambodian ambassador to Washington: Let's face it...
...Leaders with such disparate outlooks as Bruno Kreisky, Olaf Palme, and Tony Benn have all opted for a program of collectivizing energy demand, expanding nuclear power production, and increasing public control over energy corporations...
...Some of these client states are strategically located, but some are impoverished and torn by civil war...
...Others, less emotional, nonetheless strongly support "modernization" of U.S...
...are among those who raised basic questions about the political and military value of nuclear weapons at today's levels of mutual overkill...
...The left, starting with the Socialist party, seems particularly affected by the state of inner paralysis...
...Baez's accusers treat any conclusion drawn from the reports of Vietnamese atrocities as premature, and thus accord it the treatment that a generation earlier they would have found appropriate to reports of Stalin's purges...
...Despite Carter's fond memories, the War Production Board created as many "roadblocks" as it dismantled...
...Sihanouk lacked the forces to expel them...
...it is far more practical to follow the Swedish example and burn bark, sawdust, and other forest wastes in large furnaces equipped with pollution-control devices...
...Our methodical destruction of Cambodia and the swelling of the cities (once called "force draft urbanization") prepared the ground for the savage execution, by the Pol Pot regime, of the anti-city policy that Khieu Samphan, the future chief of state of that regime, had recommended in his Paris thesis of 1959...
...A good example can be seen in the way coal is burned...
...A sideshow .. By 1973, when there were no more U.S...
...In this instance, the danger is particularly acute...
...After World War II, the United States was not only Number One, it was Number Only...
...The energy conservation measures that have been undertaken in the past, such as building insulation, more efficient cars, and better housekeeping in factories, are 379 important but insufficient...
...Another area where private ownership has led to environmentally and economically damaging priorities is the choice of means for generating electricty...
...One nation may do evil, the nation to which evil was done may do evil in its turn...
...Our "realism" in depreciating this argument was a mite too shrewd for our own good...
...The green light would flash for the pursuit of atomic bombs throughout the world...
...Let us look at the mechanism of the agreement...
...If this information were about Chile," she said, "would you ask the same question...
...At the turn of the century, most coal was consumed by furnaces serving a single building or manufacturing operation...
...Hence, when criticism of specific programs succeeds euphoria, Jody Powell may echo FDR's aide Donald Richberg, who declared in 1933 that there was "no honorable excuse for the slacker who wastes these precious moments with doubting and debate...
...In other words, they are gambling on Palestinian extremism, and, in all frankness, it's a pretty good thing to gamble on...
...And he works out an equation: autonomy, when it is united with a distinctive ethnic group plus concentration in a visible piece of territory, plus a separatist psychological tendency, equals secession...
...But are they...
...You took advantage of us, of our inexperience...
...The only one who thrives on this internal disarray is President of the Republic Giscard d'Estaing, for it reinforces his role as arbiter "above the battle...
...The widespread death and environmental destruction caused by coal make a rapid expansion of the availability of nuclear energy far preferable...
...Nor is this struggle likely to reverse Moscow's loss of status as a role model for the have-nots almost everywhere in the world...
...When I asked in the Knesset why this wouldn't happen, there were two replies: Mr...
...Moreover, the Soviets would be limited to placing 10 nuclear warheads rather than 30 or more on each of their heavy missiles...
...Some spokesmen have questioned the U.S...
...We understand this sort of complexity as a fact of personal life...
...Moved by the perception that Soviet power is waxing and American power is waning, many senators appear more interested in keeping up with Ivan than in the potential benefits of SALT...
...Ms...
...The result is that the clean, capital-intensive solar and nuclear technologies are overpriced by private decision-makers and, instead, the excessive use of coal and oil wastes money, squanders natural resources, and damages the environment...
...Thus, in ways comparable to our biggest and favorite hot war, Carter's "energy war" will be marked by partisanship, technical snafus, and opportunism...
...For Rocard the main thing is to build the SP organizationally and intellectually, so that it can take the lead as advocate for a new, modernized France, mobilizing both the workers and the growing professional classes that want a more egalitarian society but are repelled by Marxist dogmatism...
...The most articulate and thorough theorist of this sort of utopianism is Amory Lovins...
...But once the treaty is in force, it seems to me dangerous to gamble on the Palestinian-Arab intransigence...
...Germany as part of a community, yes...
...This type of conservation involves the replacement of individual oil-burning facilities with collective services that can use alternative fuels...
...There are some pragmatic as well as ideological forces at work here...
...As usual, Kissinger had one of his staff on the extension to take notes for history...
...Perhaps we must now look for other examples...
...If, says Rocard, there can again be an electoral pact with the Communists, it is important that the SP be the stronger element...
...In 1976, Lacouture made his 11th trip to Vietnam since 1945, this time for Le Nouvel Observateur...
...We felt it was important to stress the political and moral issues, since, after all, the Supreme Court might rule that the war was not illegal, and surely that would not make the Cambodian invasion any more palatable...
...But other wars have been less effective, wise, and moral than the battle against Hitler...
...Baez for her marches against the H-bomb and the war, her marriage to a draft resister, and her songs about all of these things...
...The personal differences are real enough, even though Socialists may be a little ashamed to stress them...
...Amid the current enthusiasm, Carter's July 15 speech may sound like FDR's call to the colors after the "day of infamy," but in retrospect it might look like Lyndon Johnson's fantasy about incidents in the Gulf of Tonkin...
...Whether and under what conditions at least 67 senators coalesce for ratification will greatly influence the choice between arms racing and arms reduction in years to come...
...But Kissinger kept refusing to deal with Sihanouk as the U.S...
...This proves, of course, precisely that by the Marxian definition solar energy is very capital-intensive...
...Furthermore, tensions on the homefront produced bloody race riots and bitter strikes...
...The SP, Thibaud writes, is more than any other party in France a party of professionals...
...Fonda a decade ago...
...Diplomatically, the U.S.S.R...
...Missions over Cambodia were officially recorded as having taken place in Vietnam, for as Shawcross remarks, "The bombing was not merely concealed...
...Ironically, amidst the burgeoning consensus for "more is better," such conservatives as Jake Garn and Jesse Helms are saying they want arms reduction, but not SALT 11...
...is quite isolated...
...Mass transit, district heating, and electrification of industrial processes are prominent and worthwhile examples...
...For those sincerely concerned about the vulnerability of U.S...
...They will have to begin now (even when, as in the case of replacing buses with trains, they do not always save fuel at first) if the dependence on oil is to be ended before all reasonably priced reserves are exhausted...
...Begin's intention might be Israeli control, but the consequence has no necessary relationship to the intention...
...Fonda reminds us of nobody so much as On "Reeducating" The Vietnamese On October 5, 1978, Le Monde published a long report from Vietnam by R. P. Paringaux detailing "La violation des droits de I'homme au Vietnam...
...But municipal control cannot mean complete autonomy for a single city's power supply...
...With it, a left buoyed by the tide of popular anger at the greed of the oil corporations would be armed with a realistic response to legitimate popular concerns about future energy supplies...
...Many a true word .. The entire Nixon-Kissinger strategy had to be undertaken in secrecy, by a sort of paragovernment consisting of a small clique that halfdetested, half-admired Kissinger...
...In the present context of American politics, the program here sketched out seems utterly audacious...
...both because its implementation would bring modest but tangible gains and its rejection would create an appalling situation...
...If there were 35 percent of non-Arabs in the territory, then you might define autonomy in personal terms, as in the Millet system of the Ottoman Empire...
...These individualistic utopianisms can provide no permanent solution to the contradictions that are making our energy system unworkable...
...Shawcross describes a wrenching moment when even Lon Nol has come to recognize the plight into which he has helped drag his country—realizing that his policy is leading to its virtual destruction...
...Mitterand comes as close to an orthodox Marxist as a leader of a French Socialist party can come —class struggle, a sharp break with capitalism if the Socialists come to office, a program for nationalization of industry, centralized state planning of the economy, etc...
...While the Soviets' massive military power can be applied any time their leadership is prepared to risk national suicide, the Soviet's economic, political, and diplomatic power is sharply limited...
...Among its results were: (1) soon the Vietnamese Communists had taken over large segments of Cambodia...
...In every case the war remembered only marginally resembled the war fought...
...The recent discovery of Soviet combat troops in Cuba raises political rather than military questions, and greatly complicates the ratification of SALT 11...
...These two collisions are linked by their political context...
...But steam competes with electric and gas heat sold by the same utility companies that own the district heating systems, and the variable nature of demand makes district heating more difficult to manage and riskier than electricity and gas networks...
...Aware of his country's weakness, Sihanouk managed to keep Cambodia in a state of precarious neutrality through the years of fighting *Sideshow, by William Shawcross...
...And I wonder whether the community idea is not the answer—a Benelux relation between Israel, the West Bank and Jordan, in which the community duties defuse the national militance of the West Bank, just as the EEC Doctrine was meant to defuse the national intensity of Germany, and successfully did so...
...We could not prop up Lon Nol forever just as we could not perpetuate Thieu without staying fully in the war ad infinitum...
...Mitterand remained as leader, in control of the party machinery, but beholden to CERES...
...Kissinger...
...Together, these two provisions would slow Soviet momentum...
...TO DEAL WITH the long-range problems of the exhaustion of the world's oil supply, it will be necessary to move beyond incremental conservation to what may be called structural energy conservation...
...troops from Vietnam and allowing the South Vietnamese to do the fighting themselves), there seems to have been no serious consideration, either in political or simply human terms, of the consequences for the people of Cambodia...
...And there is therefore an assumption that because their approach to problems is revolutionary and not evolutionary, because they deny the concept of gradualism, because they insist that it has to be all or nothing, that they will save us by their intransigence, just as they have in the past...
...The public debate on energy supply and demand has been conducted almost exclusively by corporate apologists and utopian dreamers, with both groups wedded to obsolete myths of individualism...
...The professionalization of a political party such as is indicated in the SP is a healthy phenomenon...
...For, as he writes, "a society from which there would have disappeared that elementary freedom of the consumer provided by the market is a society in which freedom would no longer be rooted in the economic order and would therefore be endangered...
...Yes in the precise sense of the word...
...It's also the most well-founded...
...391 This idiocy, worthy of the Strangelove tradition, can be explained only as a result of extreme U.S...
...Nixon and Kissinger felt it necessary to make a display of our national "strength," our national "will...
...But all this is misleading...
...It definitely says here "autonomy," it does not say independence...
...Whether the situation is resolved in a socially progressive direction— toward egalitarian modernization, toward a greater role in society for the working class— will depend upon the ability of the French Socialist party to resolve its current crisis...
...It is harder to understand in our judgment of politics, where other things, our ideals and past opinions, appear to be at stake...
...began secretly to raid the "sanctuaries" with B-52s...
...He was stricken by what he saw of the processes of reeducation in the new Vietnam...
...Secondly, as in Vietnam, we gave ourselves ends that were both unreachable and contradictory...
...By March 1969 the U.S...
...Industry would be required to locate where energy could be most effectively made available...
...the others do not...
...These changes have been an intrinsic part of the quest for economic growth, environmental cleanliness, and the maintenance of an increasing population with a diminishing supply of natural resources...
...The President has chosen to avoid structural changes and instead to continue fueling the present system of consumption with synthetic oil and gas...
...In all this, the picture that emerges of Kissinger is peculiarly squalid...
...After all, they rejected the Chamberlain White Paper, they rejected Bevin's enactments, they rejected the 1947 partition, they rejected the Peale report, they rejected the 1947 boundaries, they rejected the 1967 lines which they now hold up as their highest ideal—they have always rejected today that which they would long to have tomorrow, and they come out of every situation with a new nostalgia, but not necessarily with a new wisdom...
...Perhaps the one chance to have kept the brutal Khmer Rouge from total power was to recall Sihanouk, then waiting uneasily in Peking...
...To some of Mitterand's supporters all of this is mere equivocation, a refusal to move ahead toward a transition to a full-fledged socialist society...
...In turn, Rocard accuses the other of clinging to outmoded leftist formulas, pointing to the evident failures of nationalization in various countries and to the equally evident fact that even with large amounts of nationalization the actual conditions of the working class do not necessarily change in any radical fashion...
...The Jews and gypsies were victims of Nazi design, a planned total destruction, while the Cambodians have been destroyed "casually," because they happened to stand in the way of both sides of the Vietnam war...
...He's very interested in the West Bank being demilitarized, because it could be a threat to him, but that's all he wants...
...This is as close to a Rhodesian kind of situation as you could imagine...
...The environmentalist critics who dominate the opposition to the energy industry's plans do not criticize this individualistic rhetoric...
...We thus have a curious situation...
...A protocol lasting through 1981 would ban the deployment of ground- and sea-launched cruise missiles with ranges greater than 375 miles and the testing and deployment of mobile ICBMs...
...The situation cries out for modernization based upon new productive forces, but the present government is unresponsive...
...Even in the blood-stained history of Stalinism, this Khmer Rouge was something new...
...and yet the first may look no better in retrospect, when its victim has failed to be morally superior...
...And how can and why should we, a Social Democratic movement, tell the million Palestinian Arabs who have been separated from that monarchy for 11 years that they've now got to go back to that monarchy...
...support...
...THESE COLLECTIVIZING technological forces are coming increasingly to clash with the corporate institutions of private ownership...
...Still, there really are significant divergences of political opinion, hard as it may be to pin them down...
...It indicates that the party, by defining and proposing a strategy for elections, selects its candidates for the exercise of power...
...Great enterprises earn monopolistic profits at the expense of the workers...
...In short, the dynamic leads to a Palestine state in the area of the autonomous jurisdiction, which is the area of the pre-1967 boundary...
...Lucrative "cost plus" contracts enlarged major corporations at the expense of small business...
...IF SALT II IS REJECTED or even delayed, SovietAmerican relations would be sorely strained...
...And we, therefore, will be in the position of having offered them a solution that could well be a prelude to Arab independence, which they, in their all-or-nothing mentality, will have rejected...
...Hard, because they are still in the process of emergence, still insufficiently formulated...
...and an act that Ms...
...Since Americans continued after an air raid on Pearl Harbor to compete for goods, services, and power, they are unlikely to forsake self-interest when the most dramatic sign of crisis is a long gasoline line...
...Now those of us who have a view that the partition principle is inexorable, and that no country can possibly ignore the principle by which it came to birth—those of us who believe in partition, who believe that liberation means that Israel should be liberated from the million Arabs and from jurisdiction, controls, and responsibility for them—are caught up in the paradox of demanding a Jordanian solution...
...Reading William Shawcross's overpowering and meticulous study of American intervention in Cambodia from 1960 to 1975,* one is struck first of all by the thought that the men holding office in Washington, notably the half-mad Nixon and the intellectual toady Kissinger, acted with a cynicism that finally must be judged indistinguishable from criminality...
...The effectiveness and responsiveness of municipal distribution systems has been amply proved by years of experience...
...Yet, he could not ignore the fact that the heaviest losses on the left were caused by abstentions of workingclass and young voters, who stayed away from the polls in droves...
...In this "sideshow" millions of people were driven from the countryside to swell the handful of cities...
...Although the Israeli government can rely upon the text to point out that autonomy will apply to people and not to territory, if the territory is almost totally occupied by that people, this becomes a distinction and not a difference...
...He is also much concerned about bureaucratic growth in a socialist society, for he sees bureaucratism as a major threat to personal liberties, no matter what the nature of the society in which it develops...
...What, then, is the current Israeli predicament...
...So recently a source of great hopes, the Socialist party now seems increasingly victimized by internal conflicts between ambitious leaders...
...Oil and gas pipelines crisscross the continent...
...But it will, if implemented, sustain the process of negotiated arms limitation, open the door to significant reductions in SALT III, and improve the world's political climate...
...It is true that the approaching presidental campaign is exacerbating matters...
...Local campaigns for municipal ownership offer a good opportunity to raise this issue...
...a grouping of elected representatives, of candidates, and candidates to become candidates...
...In such a climate, on both sides, an unlimited arms race would be more dangerous and more costly...
...Despite the mixed bag of Soviet strengths and weaknesses, few voices in the SALT debate are raised to suggest that the Soviets are less than ten feet tall...
...We opposed the war because we believed, as Stanley Hoffman has written, that "Washington could 'save' the people of South Vietnam and Cambodia from communism only at a cost that made a mockery of the word 'save...
...Most utilities have therefore discouraged the use of steam and even tried to shut the systems down...
...Le Nouvel Observateur, June 25, 1979] Gaston Defferre, mayor of Marseille and the party's chief "baron" in Southern France, has offered his services as peacemaker, inviting the three top leaders to smoke a peace pipe in his tent...
...Seen in long-range historical perspective, as a world struggle between two camps, the conflict between the bourgeois democratic West and the totalitarian Communist nations requires from democrats, be they socialist or not, a clear decision to support the West, no matter with what criticism and qualifications...
...I would say that of all the calculations in the Israeli government's mind, that is probably the most prominent...
...This common effort may founder, but at least one resolution —in the form of instructions to the SALT III negotiators—will be advanced to rally the supporters of real arms reduction...
...Implicit here is a reduction in the rights of the opposing minority—a suggestion that can only fuel the flames...
...In 1971, at the Epinay party congress, the Socialist party was reborn with Frangois Mitterand presiding...
...Now let us assume that this happens—and some time in the next few months, we will announce a date for elections...
...We should not, however, be surprised that Carter and his advisers fail to understand the need for a change of direction, for what structural energy conservation ultimately requires is a collectivization of energy demand to match the collectivization of supply that has already occured...
...It isn't a question one need finally answer...
...After three days of often heated discussion, the party emerged under the continued leadership of Francois Mitterand, who had revived the SP a few years back but is often accused by his critics of exercising a proprietary control...
...They see this as a symptom of peril for the survival of democracy...
...Even the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, General John Ryan, was not informed, perhaps in accord with the high dictum of Henry Kissinger who in 1968 had written: "The only way secrecy can be kept is to exclude from the making of the decisions all those who are theoretically charged with carrying them out...
...This technology is cheaper and cleaner than the burning of oil in individual furnaces, and permits enormous energy savings when the steam is generated from waste heat otherwise thrown away by electric power plants...
...Both Joan Baez and Jane Fonda are to some extent public figures in their art because they are public figures outside it: Ms...
...In other words, all the conditions for secession exist...
...Told of the report by Joan Baez, some longtermAmerican peace activists asked her, "How do you know you can trust Le Monde...
...Many claim that this was a Pyrrhic victory, based on his (minority) faction's alliance with what remains of the "leftist" faction known as CERES, which, until Mitterand made his pact, had shown clear signs of decline...
...Even for domestically produced oil, where one might think the efforts of lawyers and judges could be more fruitful, the price is set in the halls of Congress (with generous suggestions from various boardrooms) and not in the marketplace —a fact obvious to everyone except Mobil's advertising writers and those myopic liberals who would like to return to an imagined world of competitive pricing...
...This will be the first institutional expression of Palestine Arab nationhood...
...394...
...NATO depends on the United States for leadership in both defense and detente...
...will to respond" and suggested that SALT II would become a "tranquilizer" for the public unless accompanied by more military muscle...
...The West Bank would be under certain limitations arising from such a community, and would perhaps therefore not be a dangerto Israel...
...Serge Barcellini, party secretary in the Moselle region, put it most clearly: There has always been a majority and a minority confronting each other in the Socialist party...
...Why should he go back to his burden...
...At work here was a simplistic theory of Communism, simplistic not so much because it regarded Communism as evil but because it failed to recognize how deeply national rivalries could cut across claims of ideological solidarity...
...its vision is limited to a focus on the next election...
...Fonda, on the contrary, is a genuine innocent, and employs the threadbare phrases without betraying the slightest awareness of their history...
...Evidently, such massive changes would require nothing less than a comprehensive system of economic planning and land-use controls The obvious reasons why such a radical program is not being considered bring us back to the second energy crisis, that of accountability...
...So this is our predicament: in Labor we have said that we will give up most of the West Bank territory provided it's taken over by Jordan...
...As for the U.S., it fought to the last Cambodian willing to die for Lon Nol...
...Thirdly, the means we used toward such ends were, as Shawcross puts it, "not merely disproportionate but counterproductive and destructive of the values they were [supposedly] meant to defend...
...Baez found communism a fate "worse than death...
...Younger and younger boys [writes Shawcross] were being drafted to fill the ranks of Lon Nol's army...
...Conjurers of the spirit of conflicts past rarely mention the bloodshed, bitterness, and enforced conformity...
...Few senators or witnesses challenged the conventional wisdom during the hearings...
...It is a place in which ambitions, partly rival, partly in solidarity, meet one another: where networks of party "big shots" [notables] join together...
...I fail to see why...
...The American action was undertaken by presidential fiat, without the approval of Congress that, supposedly, is required for starting a war...
...And I'm not certain that they will not be cooperative...
...Byrd also said that we would spend more money without SALT...
...This dependence will increase...
...Begin produced a document and said that the honorable member has not noticed—it's not possible...
...soldiers in Vietnam, the B-52s nevertheless kept bombing Cambodia, not with any discernable military goal but for metapolitical or metastrategic reasons...
...Begin's recourse to autonomy is in the demands of the Jewish delegation to the Peace Conference of 1918, when the Jews of Poland demanded individual autonomy, just as in the Middle East Jews, Moslems, and Christians had autonomy according to their personal status...
...Senator Sam Nunn, an influential member of the Armed Services Committee, promised his vote for SALT II on condition that the Administration increase the military budget by $7 billion...
...we gave priority to the destruction of the sanctuaries over the preservation of Cambodia's fragile neutrality...
...As the transmission networks of the various utilities have become increasingly connected, it has become difficult for individual companies to dispatch their own networks efficiently, or indeed to dispatch them at all without unwittingly generating surges of electricity that black out neighboring systems...
...The popular reflection of Lovins's and Commoner's thinking is the Jerry Brown ideal of a solar-heated swimming pool in the backyard...
...But this total included tanks inferior to their German counterparts and torpedoes that failed to explode...
...If OPEC did not exist—and it is not likely to disappear soon—injunctions from American courts would still be powerless to restore competition to the interconnected world oil-supply system...
...The CIA has told Congress that the Soviet economy will slow to a growth rate of less than 1 percent by the mid-1980s...
...BUT WHAT ISSUES are at stake...
...President Lyndon Johnson, to his credit, several times rejected military proposals to bomb them...
...Yet this overall choice can leave one with agonizing difficulties in particular circumstances...
...In candid moments, not from the Knesset rostrum, I think the Israeli advocates of the autonomy would say, "Look, it's not going to happen at all...
...WHILE PROMOTING TEMPORARY EUPHORIA, Carter's rhetoric will backfire by encouraging expectations of relatively quick and total victory...
...The replacement of individually controlled sources of energy by collective supplies has been a constant and inexorable component of technological development...
...Outright rejection would have damaging effects on NATO and nuclear non-proliferation policy...
...That this style of life is available only to a privileged few...
...We should be interested in what happens there, but not in having it...
...they invariably exaggerate the unity, productivity, and universality of sacrifice...
...The SP minority, consisting of the Rocard and Mauroy factions (the differences between them seem infinitesimal), justifies its abrasiveness by claiming to be deeply worried about the party's future...
...One is forced to wonder what this veteran legislator was thinking of when he voted funds during that period enabling the Pentagon to build and deploy multiple warheads (three a day added in recent years) and Trident submarines, and to develop the Trident I, the cruise missile, and the MX mobile missile...
...The arms race has been just that—a race—although some officials blithely ignore the U.S...
...The hazards of nuclear power are far better understood than those of other energy technologies...
...Mitterand and Rocard seem to cross each other as they go in opposite directions politically, the former moving "left" and the latter "right...
...Wait long enough, and words usually do bring forth their proper actions...
...They include among the costs of building a plant such items as taxes (not really a cost, but money that has been transferred to meet other social goals) and the higher interest rates induced by the instability associated with private ownership...
...That there was a danger in placing too much hope on this legal strategy seems still true...
...Actually, believe the origin of Mr...
...When President Carter called us onto the "battlefield of energy," he was only the latest leader to suppose that peacetime problems can be solved by applying the alleged wartime virtues of unity, productivity, and sacrifice...
...To CERES leader Chevenement, Rocard is an "apologist" for the market and lacks faith in the capacity of the socialist "plan" to transform French economic life...
...Perhaps...
...Consider the French Socialist party, which could boast at the beginning of this year that it was France's "largest party": it had a membership of 200,000, the highest percentage of the electoral vote, and was clearly outstripping the Communists in popularity and media attention...
...As you are much cleverer than we are, you could induce us into this fighting...
...But I now think we were wrong in an important way, for the argument that the Nixon regime was prosecuting an illegal war came to the heart of the issue of what a democratic society is or should be...
...Moreover, at least since Hoover's time presidents who make analogies between domestic crises and foreign wars often begin to confuse disagreement with disloyalty...
...As early as the 1820s, Americans feared that national idealism was dying along with the generation of Valley Forge...
...We need to be together, all of us...
...Senate have become the third side in the bargaining...
...In the electricity industry, on the other hand, decades of public power have already operated in this way to train many effective managers...
...the U.S...
...But what seems most appalling is that, in justifying the Cambodian adventure by claiming it would help the policy of "Vietnamization" (withdrawing U.S...
...There were endless lies, there was a systematic falsification of military records, there was the wiretapping of members of the government suspected of critical thoughts...
...Why spend more money...
...The shock to detente resulting from Senate defeat of SALT II could persuade the West Europeans to work out their own approaches to the Soviets, just as it might persuade the Soviets to look to Western Europe rather than the United States for negotiating partners...
...Fashionable advocates of "decentralized" energy supply discuss, for example, a return to the wood-burning stove...
...Dispatching is the not inconsiderable part of an electric utility's operations that consists of deciding what generating plants operate when, and whom they supply...
...SALT II is the key test of this superpower commitment...
...The soot and acid released by these processes were the main source of the air pollution that made cities of that day nearly unlivable...
...Since Brezhnev has invested much political capital in the SALT process, his more militaristic collegues and would-be successors could use such Senate action to further their own ambitions...
...The congress convened in the city of Metz, chosen for its location in the heart of the steelproducing Lorraine region, where the ills of the French economy (outdated industrial plants, wide unemployment, a discontented and aging labor force) are on full display...
...George McGovern plans to offer them a legislative vehicle to let them prove their bona fides...
...We must live with that...
...My own view is that we ought to reenact our ideology and say that we will give up the West Bank to any regime that will not be hostile to Israeli security...
...At the Metz conference, which I attended, the phrase "Eurocommunism" was not heard once in three days...
...Although Carter condemns "interests" in typical progressive fashion, he seems unaware that some interests are better than others...
...As there are many on the other side who feel this way, and who draw the emotionally satisfying conclusion—Vietnam is wrong, therefore the United States was less wrong—Ms...
...ICBMs to Soviet attack, this should be seen as an important achievement...
...Indeed, the process of collectivization has already gone so far that the forms in which a socialized electricity generating industry would ideally be administered have come into existence...
...A smug Giscard sits in the presidential palace, and peace appears to reign...
...The two-way Soviet-American negotiations on SALT II have ended and the three-way negotiations that will determine the outcome of the treaty are under way...
...With regard to Cambodia, a victim of the brutalities of both sides, the least (and perhaps the most) that decent people could do was to cry out: shame, the devil take all of you...
...Within three years, says the intelligence agency, the Soviet bloc will become an oilimporting area...
...If the treaty is delayed and Brezhnev becomes incapacitated, at the very least Soviet decision-making would be slowed, further protracting any response to senatorial moves for alternatives of language...
...Sacrifices are borne disproportionately by citizens who take the rhetoric most seriously—the poor, ill-educated, and unorganized...
...Whole regions (Brittany, Lorraine) are drawn into economic stagnation, unemployment grows steadily, the educated youth is increasingly desperate for jobs and careers...
...Mitterand, at least in his speeches, continues to place great emphasis on this strategy and has never withdrawn his famous remark that it is out of the question to try to govern France without the Communists...
...2) the Cambodian Communists (Khmer Rouge), until then a tiny ineffective sect, now recruited thousands of young people by proclaiming themselves defenders of the fatherland against foreign spoliation...
...Baez for her part knows enough history to use the word "Stalinist," and, with dozens of old allies clamoring for her reeducation, she shows no signs of changing her mind...
...As a result, the individual companies have turned the dispatching function over to regional entities known as power pools...
...Unlike the pollutants that other energy technologies spew into the air and water, the noxious substances associated with nuclear power are almost entirely contained in a few centralized facilities...
...Such incremental actions can save enormous amounts of energy, but they do not end dependence on rapidly disappearing oil reserves...
...The political malaise that has struck all of France is reflected in the life of its parties, including the SP...
...But even with wood, individual initiative is neither economical nor environmentally acceptable...
...There have been reports that the minorities resent their lack of representation at the top, a condition that is unlikely to change in the struggle for succession...
...Of the figures named above, Kunstler strikes us as an old and practiced hand at this game: interviewed on the CBS news, he gave a fine lesson on the worth of "reeducation," which made it sound like a refresher course for a suburban physician...
...As in the past, new explosions could occur at any point...
...In reality, the two superpowers have reached a rough equality in nuclear overkill and neither can use these weapons of mass annihilation to political advantage...
...383 Yes...
...It's effectively going to stay under Israeli control, with autonomy construed in rather modest municipal terms...
...On the question of the West Bank, those who deny any kind of surrender of territory don't care whether you surrender it to Hussein or Arafat...
...President Carter has said he would unilaterally apply the SALT II provisions in such an eventuality, but he would have little hope of succeeding in the jingoist political climate that would ensue...
...Operation of nuclear power plants by large publicly owned organizations could, as Alvin Weinberg has pointed out, further improve this safety record by increasing the depth of technical support and eliminating the exclusive focus on profits...
...The Arabs of Gaza and of the West Bank will vote, and there will be established a national Palestinian Arab authority...
...But even the martyrdom of the Cambodian people at the hands of the Khmer Rouge—who, be it remembered, would never have approached power but for the American invasion—did not put an end to the story...
...The entire Nixon-Kissinger strategy has been incisively criticized by Stanley Hoffman in a few paragraphs meriting reproduction: First, we had the wrong hierarchy of ends...
...Oil and coal plants usually cost less to build than cleaner, fuel-conserving nuclear and hydroelectric plants...
...in other words, the official Israeli position is that we're not going to give it up to either of them...
...The Hanoi government, soon to distinguish itself by driving hundreds of thousands of people into the sea, declared in the middle of 1978 that the Pol Pot regime (Khmer Rouge) consisted of "the most disgusting murderers in the latter half of this century...
...This, at least, is one way of thinking through a dilemma that might be insoluble if we stick to a Jordanian alternative...
...At this point, realizing that Lon Nol could not defeat the Khmer Rouge on the battlefield, 392 Kissinger apparently decided that Hanoi might be prodded into forcing the Cambodian Communists to negotiate and that we might thereby avoid the complete "loss" of Cambodia...
...On one side, the corporations argue for government intervention to subsidize the development of new energy sources while they continue to control and profit from these sources...
...No one, however, asks them whether they would trade U.S...
...Baez and Ms...
...Within Cambodia itself there followed a coup overthrowing Sihanouk and replacing him with a junta of right-wing generals led by Lon Nol...
...Kissinger simply did not grasp that there were very strong feelings of hostility between the Hanoi people and the Khmer Rouge, even though both were Communists...
...This coalition became unstuck with the breakup of "left unity" under CP initiative, ending with the election defeat of March 1978...
...A complex net of electric transmission lines ties together nearly every home in the country...
...Our world is full of paradox—there's a book called The State and Nation bya ProfessorAkzin of the Hebrew University, one of the leading ideologists of the Likud movement, and he objectively analyzes conditions in which autonomy leads to secession...
...He worries about our "perceived impotence" and supports an expansive, and expensive, five-year military program, Senator Richard Stone of Florida fears that the Soviets are "gnawing away" at other regions...
...He chooses to call it Bernsteinian "revisionism," a rejection of "orthodox" Marxism centering on the key role of the centralized bureaucracy in running the state and economy...
...Although the United States never fully mobilized, it still produced an impressive 45 percent of the world's munitions...
...387 The following is taken from a quite remarkable article by Abba Eban that appeared in the American Jewish magazine, Moment...
...The energy crisis of the '70s may better be understood as two related social and technological collisions: a crisis of supply and demand, in which the ever-growing demand for oil exceeds the natural endowments of the earth, and a crisis of accountability created by the unchecked power of private energy corporations...
...He argues that such decentralized technologies could ensure a modest but 378 adequate supply of energy into the indefinite future...
...All history tells us that an institutionalized expression of nationalism in that form moves toward a secessionist situation...
...The Mitterand-cEREs alliance now dominates the SP, replacing his former loose alliance with the groups of Pierre Mauroy and Michel Rocard, two young democratic-socialist leaders who now are a part of an opposition within the SP...
...but might they not also consider —say, after scrutinizing the Shawcross book —that the beginning of moral decency in recent years was to show disrespect for the authority that engineered the Cambodian invasion...
...He was always ambivalent about the Palestinians...
...Some senators experience this same frustration, and they vent it on the SALT II treaty...
...If the Senate rejects this treaty, the United States would have no moral or political authority to urge other nations not to pursue their own nuclear weapons...
...Within the framework of a democratic 393 government, Nixon and Kissinger established a sort of junta acting in violation of both the Constitution and the customary democratic norms...
...As its necessary domestic correlative, the Cambodian policy required the methods of Watergate...
...As a result, Rocard is what the French call a "devolutionist"—that is, he supports the idea of devolving authority, locally, regionally, and geographically, with a functional workers' selfmanagement (autosuggestion) in industry...
...These numbers, as of November 1, 1978, actually appear as a "memorandum of understanding" attached to the SALT II treaty...
...The political will necessary to match supply and demand is not going to be forthcoming in the absence of a popular movement to take control of energy away from the corporate elite...
...Shawcross says at the end of his book: "Cambodia was not a mistake...
...Let us assume that the self-governing authority is established, and it enters into jurisdictional conflict with the Israeli occupying force...
...As for the non-nuclear weapon states, they would see defeat of SALT II as a formal repudiation of the bargain reached in the NonProliferation Treaty of 1968...
...they went to the ballot box and elected new mayors, all PLO enthusiasts...
...Suffice it to say that these divergences of opinion can be found in every socialist or social democratic party in Europe, perhaps elsewhere too...
...He is rolling in wealth...
...3) the U.S...
...For the first time, the two superpowers would exchange data on the numbers of weapons limited by the treaty, then compare the figures with the conclusions gleaned through the "national technical means of verification...
...it was a crime...
...Let us consider for a moment the institutional changes that would be required for a program attempting no more than to imitate what Sweden has done over the last few decades...
...Progress" will consist of the search for even more labor-intensive ways to produce so that people can work even harder...
...and yet the second may not be excused on the ground that it was once a victim...
...It blended a kind of primitive national rage with a fanatic ideology of total "reconstruction" in which human beings were utterly expendable...
...Shawcross calls him a "petulent showman," but he was also a clever politician and, in his own way, a patriot...
...The gap between state power and the nation's popular forces remains as wide as ever...
...A FEW WORDS MORE: • During the late 1960s and early 1970s some of us opposed to the war tended to play down the effort to "prosecute" the Nixon regime for having acted illegally...
...This is to be remedied in his scheme by the advent of a socialist society based on labor-intensive production of solar energy...
...Because President Carter's energy program fails to address this issue, it will probably not succeed even in assuring an adequate energy supply, let alone in restoring "national confidence...
...Majority Leader Robert Byrd called Nunn's conditions "a plus on behalf of the treaty," because in the short run "the country's going to have to spend more money for defense whether we have SALT II or not...
...Changes of this sort will involve enormous alterations in the nation's economic and social infrastructure...
...he has since admitted honestly his mistake in having praised the Vietnamese Communists...
...He is in exactly the same position...
...The SP is the opposite of those mass parties, some of which still have a nostalgia for the past, but which have been instruments of political alienation, intellectual dictatorship, and exploited emotions...
...a modest distinction will hold us...
...Arguments over energy supply would no longer be limited to a monotonous debate between greed and inanity, but would open up to confront corporate America with a serious and practical alternative program...
...The time period can be further telescoped by trying to reach agreement on one item at a time and ratifying it as a protocol to SALT II...
...Now in my view, such an institution has its own dynamic, which is completely independent of the intentions of those who establish it...
...How inadequate the myth of free enterprise is as a prescription for energy may be seen from even a cursory examination of the energy supply system...
...When Australian officers in Vietnam refused to accept one Cambodian unit sent for training because they were only children, an American officer explained: "The little fellas were so anxious to fight that unit commanders didn't have the heart to turn them down...
...but the lady makes it perfectly clear she is not willing...
...Coda SIHANOUK: "There are only two men responsible for the tragedy in Cambodia today, Mr...
...We are asked by these critics to return to an imagined utopia of small, self-sufficient communities—in its essence a resurrection of the old dreams of Fourier and Saint-Simon...
...Mitterand, calling for tighter party discipline and acceptance of the resolutions of the Metz congress, is up against a large, activist minority within the party that is reluctant simply to obey...
...With warrant on both sides, conservatives accused FDR of using the war to expand presidential authority and New Dealers charged conservatives with using the war as a pretext to halt social reform...
...It was different with Nixon...
...In the June 1979 elections to the European parliament, the Socialists lost several percentage points as compared with their gains in the earlier cantonal and national parliamentary elections...
...AGAINST THIS BACKGROUND of a debate skewed toward global armed competition, is SALT II worth its salt...
...Any such attack on corporate power will naturally begin with the oil companies, arguably the most antisocial segment of big business in the world today...
...That monopoly has been lost, and the United States now shares a complex world with other power centers, in the Soviet Union as well as in Western Europe, China, Japan, and the OPEC countries...
...Or as William Colby, the CIA man, said with admirable candor, Cambodia was now "the only game in town...
...Rigid, authoritarian, highly unequal, French society resists change...
...The invasion, as we now can see, proved to be a military blunder, a political disaster, and a moral outrage...
...It puts an end to a long-standing nonsense that had us believing the political party was a magic place that produced through the workings of ideology a mystical fusion of leaders and followers in one great "Us...
...Its attitude seems increasingly to be that of sullen and silent nonparticipation...
...This new organization of energy supply is to lead in some unspecified way to the breakup of the giant corporation and the revival of the small town and small business...
...The contradiction is particularly evident in the activity known as electricity dispatching—so evident, in fact, that it has had to be resolved in a thoroughly collective manner...
...The military budget is already scheduled to increase, but Nunn wants real hikes of 4-5 percent after inflation in the $122.7 billion target for Fiscal 1980, and wants the increases to continue indefinitely...
...Mitterand fumed, charging the absentees with dishonoring the party...
...After all, despite the 5,000 Soviet nuclear warheads, the Soviet Union could not prevent Pope John Paul II from visiting Poland and electrifying the Catholic faithful, could not prevent Hua Kuo-feng from earlier visiting Bucharest and symbolically thumbing his nose at the Kremlin, could not oblige Romania to accept an increase in military spending agreed by the Warsaw Pact, and could not pressure the Japanese into rejecting a peace treaty with China...
...On June 24, Mitterand convened a special national convention— which the minority proceeded to boycott...
...The political and intellectual response to even these manifestly collective problems has been largely limited to the confines of free-enterprise economic theory...
...Communist leader Georges Marchais expressed his satisfaction over this Socialist "retreat" (the Communists just about held their own...
...A proposal that is both more effective and politically realistic is the establishment of a publicly owned oil company to operate in competition with the private companies while developing a corps of competent, socially oriented managers...
...The usual rhetoric of "competition" and indivdual initiative is used to explain why government should put the corporations in control of resources to be developed at public risk and expense...
...Instead of administering the machine of modern industry in its own interest, he would have the proletariat more or less dismantle it...
...These networks have evolved—by the very force of technological progress—into entities larger and more significant than the private corporations that still control the pieces of which they are composed...
...What's the matter with his present situation, in which his legitimacy is universally recognized, in which he has the loyalty of his population, in which he is embraced by Arafat and Assad, in which he is nationalistically respectable...
...Lovins is an advocate of the rooftop solar collector and the neighborhood coal furnace as the foundation of the future energy supply...
...During that period, Le Monde's Jean Lacouture in particular provided invaluable ammunition to those of us then skewering this government's lies wherever we could...
...presidential primaries—a condition not precisely geared to delicate diplomacy...
...But when was it given to us to "lose...
...Those who condemn the Baez letter have ,acted as if the United States would be somehow exculpated if the Vietnamese government could be proved guilty of atrocities...
...The management of the distribution of 380 electricity to individual customers can, at the same time, properly be decentralized into the hands of community controlled organizations operated at the municipal level...
...the economy was ravaged...
...Watts, writes Shawcross,had been in a state of nervous tension for some time and now impulsively "strode toward Kissinger, who retreated [our hero, no Eastern Establishment coward] —behind his desk...
...More is needed than a vague bow in the direction of conservation and solar energy...
...But Joan Baez's letter denouncing the "relocation" and "reeducation" policies of Vietnam brought a shocked reply from Jane Fonda, who was dismayed by the "negative" tone and wondered aloud if Ms...
...But what do we say if Jordan refuses to take it over...
...Such an attitude could serve equally well for us...
...It would be counterproductive even to propose to nationalize the oil companies all at once, because the current private management structure monopolizes the expertise needed to run the industry...
...It will not make the Soviets into saints...
...Jordan doesn't...
...Early in April, as if to consolidate this strength, the SP staged an impressive congress with 1,500 delegates, reinforced by 500 invited representatives from fraternal parties abroad, and 500 observing journalists...
...While heroes sacrificed at Gettysburg, for example, J. P. Morgan hired a substitute to take his place in the draft, leaving him free to speculate in gold...
...Automated equipment makes it unnecessary for workers and homeowners to shovel coal and ash...
...Nixon and Dr...
...SALT It WILL NOT END the arms race...
...The first raid got the code name of BREAKFAST, and was followed by a MENU of other raids: LUNCH, SNACK, DINNER, DESSERT, and SUPPER...
...Fonda for her marriage to Roger Vadim and the movies she made with him, her trip to North Vietnam and tour of the GI coffee houses, and finally for her more recent movies, which have given an impulsive energy to the women she portrays...
...Actually, during the early years of the American antiwar movement, Le Monde was not only trusted by the peace movement but was often greatly depended on for accurate information on the war because at that point much of the printed press and all of television here had swallowed each administration's "preserving-the-free-world" line...
...Below appears another article, in line with our policy of providing a forum fora range oj'opinions, within the spectrum of socialist and liberal thought, regarding major problems...
...From the 1880s to the early 20th century, preachers, teachers, and politicians tried to revive Civil War heroism as an antidote to Gilded Age greed and class conflict...
...Outright rejection of the treaty would undoubtedly spur an arms race with no agreed limits...
...From a dependence on wood cut nearby and water flowing through mills, modern society progressed to coal mined far away but burned in individual furnaces, and it now is utterly dependent on integrated continent-wide systems for the provision of electricity, oil, and natural gas...
...So a routine letter of protest, of the sort filed by Western intellectuals several times each day, has become a cause célèbre of the America left...
...As far as Shawcross can determine, the U.S...
...At Metz this year,, Mitterand emerged as victor within the SP, with 47 percent of the votes (an absolute majority always seems to elude this man...
...NIXON: Cambodia was "my best investment...
...The difference between labor and capital is not the only aspect of Marxism that Commoner has revised (or perhaps misunderstood...
...With oil disappearing, natural gas supplies limited, and solar energy economically feasible only for a few very limited uses, more energy will have to come from either coal or nuclear power...
...For eight years now an uneasy coalition of three groups (Mitterand, Mauroy, and Rocard) has run the party, following a policy of "left unity" with the Communists for electoral and other purposes...
...The Chinese seemed to favor this course, the French were secretly negotiating for it...
...However, negotiations for SALT III are to 1?egin soon after the ratification of SALT II...
...Because of this complex equipment, burning coal in a cellar is as absurd today as 377 making pig iron in a backyard, and coal is consumed only in enormous electric plants and the largest factories...
...Would we propose if the lady were willing...
...He lacks even the fitful commitment to redistribution of income that characterized FDR and Harry Truman...
...Between April 1970 and August 1973 Cambodia suffered massive bombing raids, including many on heavily populated areas, with more tonnage being dropped than was used on Japan during the whole of World War II...
...In fact, there is something amusing, though quite characteristic of CP behavior: the Communists do reserve their fiercest polemical shafts for...
...The franc holds solid, while France slowly decomposes" (Alain Touraine...
...A typical proposal is the demand for antitrust action against the oil companies...
...What made Western Europe prepared for German independence was the community idea...
...Private planners consider, however, the cost of capital to their companies rather than the cost to society...
...KISSINGER, when asked about the 500,000 people killed in Cambodia as a consequence of American intervention: "I may have a lack of imagination, but I fail tosee the moral issue involved...
...In other areas, however, the collective solutions required by modern technology have been blocked by the institutional structure of private ownership...
...During the Great Depression, as William E. Leuchtenburg has shown, President Hoover waxed nostalgic about cooperation during World War I, and President Roosevelt based the National Recovery Administration on Wilson's War Industries Board (much as Carter now offers a version of FDR's War Production Board...
...Commoner argues that the roots of our economic and energy troubles can be traced to the displacement of labor by capital- and energyintensive technologies, and the consequent decline in corporate earnings...
...They have enemies in common, and we might expect to see them often on the same side...
...became entangled with the inept general Lon Nol, who enjoyed less popular support among his people than even his equivalents in Saigon...
...Representative Richard Kelly, quoted in the Wall Street Journal, June 8, 1979...
...Transportation by rail, bus, and auto would be planned in a coordinated manner...
...for cannibals...
...In other words, our goal in Cambodia was to fight the North Vietnamese, not to limit North Vietnamese influence and control—and the goal we selected would have made sense only if disrupting North Vietnamese operations in Cambodia could have made a decisive difference to the outcome in South Vietnam, which it could not and did not...
...That support soon appeared, in the form of military aid the Cambodians were poorly equipped to use, economic material and advice that sharply twisted the fragile economy of the country, and high-powered advisers who saw the whole Cambodian venture as no more than a convenience in behalf of the Vietnam war...
...And there is virtually no discussion of how deployment of new weapons systems would complicate future arms negotiations, especially the ability to monitor mobile missiles and tiny cruise missiles...
...Mitterand's youthful, hard-nosed supporters talk of the need for a "pure and tough" party in response to the growing nervous tension of the rank-and-file membership: the party must present a unified face to the public...
...Yet, there are good reasons to doubt and debate: Like blood-and-guts wars, metaphorical wars on poverty, crime, or energy produce winners and losers...
...unlike the Axis, the amorphous energy enemy is not likely to 381 surrender unconditionally in 45 months...
...strategic forces, which today can deliver 9,200 strategic nuclear warheads on the Soviet Union from land-based and submarine-launched missiles and long-range bombers...
...Another thinker of the same school, who has somehow managed to convince himself that he is a Marxist, is Barry Commoner, whose grasp of economics may be judged from his assertion that it is cheaper to wear wool than synthetics, has searched through the entire corpus of Marxism to winnow out a kernel of truth—the law of the falling rate of profit...
...weapons for Soviet weapons...
...in particular, nuclear reactors cannot cause a destructive worldwide climate change like the "greenhouse effect," which might— no one really knows—result from burning coal and oil...
...A program of structural energy conservation will become politically possible only if there is a direct assault on their concentrated power...
...Navy, Ret...
...So the talk about relations with the Communists and the apparent differences in strategy between Mitterand and Rocard have, at least for the moment, a somewhat abstract character...
...Synthetic fuels are particularly likely to be needed if political opposition and administrative delays continue to slow down and raise the costs of such heavy construction projects as nuclear power plants and mass transit systems...
...Jacob Javits, one of the few Republicans usually considered dovish, asserted during the hearings that the United States has been "goofing off' for the past ten years...
...Senators McGovern, Hatfield, and Proxmire have been negotiating among themselves to see if they can adopt a common resolution proposing a moratorium on new weapons produc384 tion and successive annual reductions in strategic arms...
...By the late '60s Cambodia remained a "backward" but attractive country, ruled by Prince Sihanouk in a benevolently autocratic style...
...And now the spectacle of Iran must make him think, why does he need a million people who can start marching through streets and bring about the downfall of a monarchy...
...If that turns out to be the case, then we shall confront the paradox that an Israeli government, by this time rejecting partition, by insisting on a unitary solution, has put itself in a position of preferring an Arab unitary solution to a partition in which we would get at least our marginal but crucial adjustments...
...Conservative writers, troubled by the upheavals of the late '60s, have written at solemn length about the decline in respect for authority...
...Or there is this passage from Shawcross: One evening the President called to discuss the plans [for the Cambodian invasion...
...I raised this problem once in the Knesset...
...Its policy represented an egalitarianism of terror, a wish to reduce everyone to cogs...
...q A Neo-Conservative We All Can Love I think that the free-enterprise system is absolutely too important to be left to the voluntary action of the marketplace...
...A case in point is the supply of steam to cities from central boiler plants through district heating systems...
...In fact, there was no Communist "central headquarters" in Cambodia (all guerrilla commands avoid such hazardous concentrations), nor would there have been a possibility of wiping it out if it had been there (though Cambodian peasants were killed by the bombs...
...If the United States had respected our neutrality then the fighting, the killing and things might not have happened...
...The question nags, gruesomely: Is the fate of the Cambodian people as dreadful as that of the Jews and gypsies in Europe...
...I'm unable to understand why Israel should want it, except from the viewpoint of preventative security...
...Western Europe was not prepared for unconditional German independence...
...Modernization in the present context signifies pursuit of the arms race into the dangerous channels of mobile missiles (MX) and cruise missiles...
...They might follow the admirable example of Jean Lacouture, the French journalist whose writings on Vietnam were very influential...
...When William Watts, on the staff of the National Security Agency, told Kissinger that he was resigning because he objected to the Cambodian policy, Kissinger replied: "Your views represent the cowardice of the Eastern Establishment...
...Henry Kissinger claims there has been a "shift in the strategic balance...
...Development of synthetic fuel technologies is, to be sure, a wise investment for the purpose of allowing ourselves additional choices in the future...
...EDS...
...The wastes from nuclear plants are in such concentrated form that they can be safely buried deep underground and need not be dumped on the surface like coal wastes...
...Among them are a comprehensive nuclear test ban, an agreement on anti-satellite weapons, and perhaps progress toward mutual force reductions in Europe...
...Lon Nol was nothing without them and the Khmer Rouge nothing without Lon Nol...
...And to achieve that victory, doubt, debate, and thought are at least as necessary as presidential appeals to the "American spirit...
...And the party's militants are better informed about this "combat des chefs" by the general press than by their own party media...
...Germany alone, no...
...At this point, it is clear, the Communists, who keep up a tremendous barrage of attacks on the SP, haven't the faintest intention of recreating l'union de la gauche...
...For many Americans, the loss of the war in Vietnam, the nonintervention in Angola, and the "giveaway" of the Panama Canal have transformed their nostalgia for past glories into angry frustration...
...A CREDIBLE PROPOSAL for energy policy must, first of all, face up to the need for maintaining adequate supplies...
...Within a month of signing and ratifying the treaty, we are committed to announce the date of an election in the West Bank and Gaza...
...The only effort in the Senate to turn the ratification process into something other than a boost for military preparedness comes from senators who are threatening to vote against SALT II from the left...
...This at a time when dead leaves can no longer be burned in one's garden for fear of poisoning the air...
...Hatfield insists on an amendment that would require renegotiation of the treaty...
Vol. 26 • September 1979 • No. 4
