KIESLOWSKI ON THE MOUNTAINTOP The acclaimed director of the trilogy Red, White, and Blue may have done his best work using a well-known biblical script
Cunneen, Joseph
KIESLOWSKI ON THE MOUNTAINTOP Ten Commandments from the late Polish director Joseph Cunneen The death of Krzysztof Kieslowski in March 1996 was widely mourned. The Polish director had achieved...
...A considerable share of credit should go to Krzysztof Piesiewicz...
...Strikingly, these are real faces, the hair is real hair, the actors wear real clothes...
...Finally, Krzysztof wanders into a nearby church, and overturns an altar and the candles that are burning before it...
...The degree of the spectator's involvement in The Decalogue is also affected by the fact that Kieslowski and Piesiewicz linked the episodes in suggestive ways...
...In fact, the explicit statement of a commandment is never used as a film's title...
...But there is an accident, the ice cracks, and we watch with dread as the father searches futilely for his son, and then observes helplessly as a rescue team lifts a small, lifeless body from a black hole...
...His presence, however, is not intended to encourage pretentious symbolic readings or idle talk about angels...
...Stanley Kubrick, who wrote the introduction to the edition of the screenplays of The Decalogue, emphasizes the importance of fate for Kieslowski...
...Though not directly political, his films encouraged a critical spirit in a country dominated by a Communist regime that owed its place to Soviet power...
...The films do not pretend to provide answers, but to present questions...
...Tomek, a young mail clerk, uses a stolen telephoto lens to spy on Magda, an attractive young woman who entertains her lovers in her apartment, the windows of which face his...
...Because this inner, ethical struggle is the action, the emphasis is on close-ups...
...Kieslowski emphasized that in 6 the camera is always "looking at the world through the eyes of the person who is loving, not the person who is loved...
...she asks, holding him against her breast...
...The moviegoer is forced to think...
...The latter was then trying to make a documentary about political trials that took place after General Wojciech Jaruzelski took power...
...Two ninety-minute films, A Short Film about Killing and A Short Film about Love, are versions of Decalogue 5 and 6 that have played widely in Europe, but the series is an unlikely program for your neighborhood multiplex...
...the director insisted that he didn't exist, no such person was in the shot...
...Decalogue 2 is a good example of the complexity Kieslowski intended...
...A week later, the writer died...
...But I liked the burial scene very much, and the face of the man who was in black, at the left of the frame, was nothing less than sublime...
...In believing too much in rationality," Kieslowski said, "our contemporaries have lost something...
...Whether she wants to or not, she is beginning to perform a certain intellectual work...
...It is the story of a six-year-old Jewish girl in 1943 who was taken to the home of a couple who had volunteered to be her fictional godparents, but at the last moment withdrew their offer...
...The story introduces Dorota, a married woman pregnant by a man not her hus-band, who asks a doctor to tell her whether her desperately ill spouse will live or die...
...I merely announce, for example, Decalogue 1. The spectator looks at the film and she would like to know what it's about...
...the mother is apparently far away, but will phone for Christmas...
...The Decalogue does not present saints and villains...
...As Georgia Brown wrote in 1989 in the Village Voice: "Faces are crucial...
...We didn't want to adopt the tone of those who praise or condemn, handing out a reward here for doing good, and a punishment there for doing evil," Kieslowski wrote...
...to emphasize such relationships, Kieslowski hoped that The Decalogue would be presented two episodes at a time...
...The wax leaves a tear on the large image of the Virgin that dominates the scene...
...In strict fidelity to the laws of movie-making, Kieslowski looks unflinchingly at a reality we can neither control nor fully understand...
...it is the only flashback of the series...
...The death of the boy Pavel in 1, and the decision for life in 2, only reinforce the power of Decalogue 8, which for me is the high point of the series...
...She is now convinced, she says, that "there is no cause more important than the life of a child...
...The Decalogue is one of the ethical foundations of today's society...
...He usually appears just be-fore the central character is to encounter a special challenge or to make a crucial choice...
...But to get a sense of the continuity of his central themes, one has to hunt in special video stores for Kieslowski's earlier work...
...It was produced for Polish TV in 1989 as a series of ten one-hour films on the Ten Commandments...
...What do you feel...
...Kieslowski's awareness of film's capacity to raise questions is evident in an early narrative film, Camera Buff (1979), which describes what happens when a Polish worker gets hold of a movie camera...
...Zofia invites the younger woman to her apartment and explains her past action as a choice not to endanger a resistance network...
...The films," Kieslowski remarked, "should be influenced by the individual commandments to the same degree that the commandments influence our daily lives"-that is, only partly...
...Elzbeita recognizes the professor's moral courage...
...she simply takes him in her arms...
...It's only an average movie," he said...
...Father and son have a close relationship-Krzysztof gives the boy problems to solve on a computer-but, when Pavel encounters a dog frozen in the snow and asks about death, all he gets from his father is the definition from an encyclopedia: "the cessation of all functions of the central nervous system...
...The young defense lawyer knows his efforts are futile but listens sympathetically to his client's last requests...
...Jacek's attitude is paralleled by the impersonal efficiency with which the executioner prepares for his work...
...Later, when Tomek is in the hospital, Magda begins to feel some compassion for him, and we see the world from her vantage point: "We're always looking at this love," said Kieslowski, "through the eyes of the person who is suffering because of this love...
...As the desperate father cries out at the end of the screenplay of Decalogue 1-a line not spoken in the film-"Who is there to turn to...
...The episode brings together two women: Zofia, an aging ethics professor, and Elzbeita, a younger woman, an American Jew, who has translated some of the professor's work...
...This means that you are often unsure of the relationship between a film and a particular commandment...
...If you look closely, there is something interesting going on at their place...
...What if, in the course of our lives, someone passed by that only those who are at some special crossroad are able to see...
...That's what I want her to do because I take the questions seriously...
...Zofia knows that Elzbeita is really addressing her: Forty years ago Zofia was the young woman who had refused to provide the asylum requested...
...One of the great achievements in cinema of the last generation, The Decalogue combines tough-minded realism and hallucinatory style...
...Decalogue 1 shows us the rigor of Kieslowski's approach to filmmaking...
...Although Kieslowski considered himself an agnostic, he acknowledged that "there are mysteries, secret zones in each individual," that somehow create a climate in which transcendence can be glimpsed even in the midst of an unbelieving society...
...But maybe it is worth investigating the unknown, if only because the very feeling of not knowing is a painful one.'" This means that the relationship between the films and the individual commandments is "tentative...
...But Dorota is insistent, even asking the doctor if he believes in God...
...He ends up alienating the authorities with his indiscreet filming, and his monomania destroys his marriage...
...The American expresses some surprise, though, that "I've never read anything in your work about God...
...an older writer happened to be present...
...It is a powerful moment...
...We learn later what had left him so emotionally empty: His wife and children had been suddenly killed ten years earlier when a bomb obliterated their home while he was at work...
...The apartment complex is an ideal set for Kieslowski because his camera is fond of windows, mirrors, reflections of any kind: Look through any window [of the housing project], there are people behind them...
...Obviously, Kieslowski is not encouraging us to respond to the Decalogue in a mechanical way...
...Planned as a series, the films take place in a large Warsaw apartment complex...
...He is in that...
...As Kieslowski pointed out, "Someone knocks at the door of an apartment to borrow salt or sugar, people run into each other in the elevator, and in this way become inscribed in the spectator's memory...
...I love you...
...The incident made an impression on me...
...Before the titles, there is a shot of a little girl under a porch holding the hand of an adult...
...he is so shattered that he goes back to his apartment and slashes his wrists...
...Kieslowski told a story that partly explains how he came to employ this device: One day, when several of us were discussing a film we had just seen...
...One can believe without having to use certain words...
...he shows characters and actions that are at first opaque, and only gradually take on significance...
...You simply have to remove the mask, then we can remain together for a while...
...Or has the grandmother stolen the child's affection and trust...
...Rather, we wished to say, 'We know no more than you...
...None of the rest of us had seen this man...
...Man was created in order to choose...
...there is a shyness that coexists with an obsessive romanticism, which is heightened when one night he observes her weeping...
...An immediate connection between the action and a specific commandment is hard to perceive, but you are caught up in a serious ethical dilemma...
...Nothing is extraneous...
...The director reminds us of the camaraderie between father and son in a sequence that shows Pavel coaching his father to victory in a chess match...
...If so, perhaps we can leave God out of it...
...Dorota has her child, and her fears prove groundless: We see the husband delightedly embracing the baby at the end...
...The episode sets the tone for the series by dramatizing the conflict between the rational and the spiritual...
...The project gradually took shape, the screenplays a product of their collaboration...
...Ironically, Kieslowski added, some of his actors who were Catholic "didn't want to perform in a given film if I didn't tell them what commandment it was dealing with...
...Pavel is divided...
...in purely literal terms, the commandment against swearing a false oath may have been broken, but the decision has been made on behalf of life...
...The doctor at first seems coldly unwilling to help, drily reminding her that science doesn't know everything...
...What is distinctive is that sex here-unlike its presentation in so many movies-is never a titillating distraction...
...Kieslowski was born in Warsaw in 1941...
...Observing the moral chaos of society, Piesiewicz one day said to Kieslowski, "Someone should make a film about the Ten Commandments...
...In the course of the film the daughter runs away with the little girl...
...the plaintive music of ing death was the highest form of violence and reported that his film crew was shaking while the execution scene was being rehearsed, even though they knew it was only pretense...
...Krzysztof calculates the thickness and resistance of the ice on his computer, and even walks out on the ice himself to verify his findings before authorizing Pavel's skating...
...At the very least, the rights and wrongs of the situation are interrelated...
...To have all the stories take place in the same neighborhood also had the advantage of always presenting closed spaces...
...The movie, Kieslowski noted, "is a description of the powers that meddle with our fate, that push us this way and that...
...The woman genuinely cares about both her husband and her lover, and believes-even though she herself would like to have the child-that, if her husband is going to live, she must have an abortion...
...At first intending to chronicle only family events, the worker gets carried away by all that the camera can record...
...After attending film school in Lodz, he gained a considerable reputation for making documentaries about contemporary Polish social life...
...It would be wrong to think of The Decalogue as a personal achievement by Kieslowski alone...
...His intense look at the characters leads them to ask themselves questions...
...When Magda finally agrees to see him, however, she destroys his unrealistic adoration by offering herself to him...
...its characters are imperfect but never totally unsympathetic...
...The film stresses the chance factors that led to the cabbie's picking up his passenger, and contrasts them with the boy's cool determination as he prepares the rope he will use in the murder...
...Kieslowski's Decalogue strengthens my conviction that religious art in our time must inevitably be a very indirect kind of testimony, not intended as such by the artist...
...In Blind Chance (1981), which was banned after martial law was declared in December 1981, Kieslowski presents the different choices a person might make: cooperation with the authorities, work with Solidarity, or concentrate on one's career...
...Another significant link between the different films is the presence, in all but 7 and 10, of a sin-gle, silent observer...
...For example, instead of illustrating stealing with an action-packed bank robbery, Decalogue 7 deals with a mother who had previously forced her daughter- to whom she had never shown much affection-to sign over legal custody of her little girl (born out of wedlock), and now lavishes all her love on the granddaughter...
...During the class, students are asked to bring up ethical cases, and one of them raises the issue dramatized in Decalogue 2. When Zofia comments that the important thing is that "the child is alive," Elzbeita is prompted to bring up another case, "which has the advantage of being true...
...By not giving real titles to the separate films, Kieslowski said he established a sort of game with the viewers...
...The Polish director had achieved considerable critical and popular success for The Double Life of Veronique and for a trilogy whose titles were keyed to the French tricolor-Red, his last movie (1994), being the most successful...
...Jacek seems to have only the vaguest motives for the killing of the cabdriver, yet he is relentlessly brutal in the way he ignores the victim's pleas and finishes him off...
...we see the same few buildings each time...
...Kieslowski, however, is not setting up a neat opposition between the aunt's faith and the father's excessive confidence in technology...
...Her humility and deep sincerity turn what could have been a combative encounter into a warm exchange...
...When Pavel asks her, "What's God...
...Later, she picks him up at school, takes him to her house for lunch, and shows him pictures from her trip to Rome, including one of the pope...
...It was never a question of photographing simple-minded illustrations of the commandments...
...It was, however, aired on the BBC several years ago, and there is no good reason why public television here could not do the same...
...Everyone is more or less familiar with the Ten Commandments, and agrees with them, but no one really observes them...
...But yes," the old writer insisted, without convincing us...
...The way in which those buildings are constructed and laid out limits the field of vision and this offered me many interesting compositions for the camera...
...I am reluctant to use the word God," Zofia responds...
...Nor does he offer any explicit openings to grace, as are sometimes suggested in the endings of Robert Bresson's films...
...Tomek makes anonymous phone calls and even takes a second job as a milkman so that he can deliver bottles to her door...
...the viewer sees only an opening number: Decalogue 1,2,3, etc...
...As always, esthetic, social, and moral concerns work together to concentrate and deepen Kieslowski's films...
...No abstract principle has been taught...
...While suggesting that she herself has no one to call on, she asks the doctor to swear an oath...
...after refusing to receive the little girl, in 1943, Zofia had worked to save a good number of Jews...
...It is out of fondness for his son that Krzysztof gives Pavel his Christmas present-ice skates-ahead of time, while insisting that he can't try them out until the ice has hardened sufficiently...
...The latter is invited to sit in on Zofia's seminar at the university...
...The silent observer is frequently visible in Decalogue 1, wearing a sheepskin coat and trying to keep warm in front of a fire...
...Although Kieslowski refused to sentimentalize the killer, there is a touch of humanity in Jacek's retention of a photograph of his younger sister, who had been killed in a tractor accident in his native village...
...he knows that his Aunt Irene believes that there is such a thing as a soul...
...Our idea was very simple," Kieslowski said...
...A criminal lawyer in Warsaw who thinks of himself as "Christian rather than Catholic," Piesiewicz met Kieslowski in 1982...
...The movie does not treat his voyeurism as simply contemptible...
...In other words, in the interior of each person you can find something interesting...
...to the director, if the numbers of some episodes were reversed-for example 6 and 9-it would make no difference...
...His most significant achievement, The Decalogue, remains largely unknown in the United States...
...At the end, Jacek's confession is cut short by his jailers because he's taking too long...
...Rather, by relating the commandments to contemporary situations, Kieslowski hoped to make them real...
...But he insisted that we accept moral responsibility for our choices...
...The cinematographic use of filters makes everything seem soiled and opaque...
...This recurring figure is played by the same actor, although he wears different clothing in each episode...
...Is she "stealing" her own child (who has nightmares that only the grandmother seems able to soothe...
...Kieslowski remarked that this figure had no influence on the action but that "he leads the characters to reflect on what they are in the process of doing...
...She begins to think about the commandment...
...They aren't cos-meticized or photographed to look their 'best...
...we only recognize the limitations of our resources...
...The overall impression is one of transcendent modesty and a degree of realism, of humanness, we almost never see on screen...
...A bright ten-year-old boy, Pavel, lives alone with his father, Krzysztof...
...we are simply made intimate observers of two sympathetic people who are struggling painfully for some sense of direction...
...The principal characters are different in each episode, but some return to play a minor role in another story...
...Hhe deep humanism behind Kieslowski's minute observation of how people behave, both alone and in company, is equally evident in A Short Film about Love (Decalogue 6...
...Finally, he tells her that her husband will die...
Vol. 124 • August 1997 • No. 14
