Something fundamental is afoot
Johnson, Luke Timothy
WHAT ARE THEY SAYING ABOUT GOD? Something fundamental ix afoot LUKE TIMOTHY JOHNSON Imost twenty years ...
...of what they perceive as a radical femicommitted to sexist structures, and left...
...not diminish but deepens our doxoloState/Zip ___ Rev...
...to serious debate, and reflects a failure to adequately apprehend either the moral or Name the intellectual integrity of the feminist Address positions...
...State...
...Thus the global and church's speech and prayer...
...As mental pattern of obedience and love It is obvious that I consider Johnson's even the authors of Speaking the Christian which was enacted through those specific book to be challenging and important...
...Application deadline is February 15, 1993...
...Likewise, their response would have been somewhat natural resemblance to Christ than women Roman Catholic theology as it developed different, for Johnson's She Who Is, so far do, an argument whose logic could be pur- from Rahner into various liberation modGRADUATE STUDIES IN THEOLOG Y AT BOSTON COLLEGE The Department of Theology at Boston College, a leading Jesuit university in an ecumenical context, shares resources with eight other member schools in the Boston Theological Institute...
...By the time she comes counter with Spirit/Wisdom, of course, is all to a life so defined...
...Any rebuttal of The spirit of Vatican II lives at the Washington Johnson, I submit, must argue from the Theological Union, where men and womensame ground that she has now occupied...
...in Theology Marquette University most remarkable accomplishments: she Ph.D in Religious Studies Department of Theology has refused to abandon or dismiss or trivMilwaukee, WI 53233 AREAS OF STUDY ialize the tradition...
...But Johnson is not in- and male lives...
...they sometimes on target, and their anxiety words of Scripture, creed, and liturgy...
...Its God acknowledge, the language of "son- incidents...
...Johnson's argument here is compelling, and has the For more information, -I I. call or write: effect of defining its rejection as a form of "scotosis...
...Whichever analy- express regret at the realization that chang- ficient to assert in a by-the-way fashion sis is correct, the combatants at least agree ing language about God will not get fem- that they are entirely in favor of "full that something fundamental is afoot...
...tend to reinforce harmful stereotypes con- essay in Speaking the Christian God) but rather that women's historical experience of the world in its specific social systems has both a positive and a negative revelatory potential...
...in the "mighty concerns" of contemporary the use of cosmic and metaphysical symA proper assessment of Johnson's work social issues as well as current feminist bols ...this book's choice to use mainly febegins with the recognition that it is truly and theological debates...
...A word on each for patriarchal social arrangements...
...MA in Theology, with concentrations in Bible, History, Systematic Theology, and Ethics...
...they attribute the feminist prayerful doing of the truth in love...
...Finally, the classical theological tradiPrinceton Theological Seminary is Participating at tion, for all of its explicit marginalization Rome and St...
...of the female (her dissection of Aquinas American Summer Institutes on this point is exquisite), also offers unP.O...
...Johnson's moral passion is rootsymbolum and definitio...
...biblical (male) Jesus, but rather the resurrected with the tradition, its irenic and conreferences to Jesus as God's "child," for one, the cosmic Christ whose genderless structive tone, its poetic and even prayerexample (Acts 3:13, 26...
...Of special im- male symbolism for God, let me state a theological rather than a political in- portance here is her insistence that the clearly, is not intended as a strategy of substrument...
...If female language about The WTU offers: God is inadequate and ambiguous and re- Graduate degrees-M.Div., M.T.S., M.A...
...pantheism," but as Johnson shows, some tive to God's self-disclosure in the world, The peculiar power of this book may version of that understanding of God's reand that this self-disclosure is character- owe something to the fact that Johnson is lation to the world underlies a great deal istically surprising, paradoxical, and up- a Roman Catholic nun...
...Anthony J. Saldarini, Acting Director of Graduate Studies, Box "C," Department of Theology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167...
...John Laurance, S.J...
...By no means does ness to the "Glory of God" (understood the investigation of a suppressed world dishe consider God-talk irrelevant to prac- in Irenaeus's terms as a "humanity fully rected ultimately toward the design of a tical issues...
...Petersburg/Tallinn - June 29 to July 17 which Catholics recognize as canonical and Directors: Ralph and Birgitta Peterson Protestants do not...
...Graduate studies at Boston College are supported by 35 full-time theology faculty with specializations in foundational, dogmatic, philosophical, and contemporary theology...
...Andrews - June 26 to July 13 it provides a spectrum of specifically fe(Optional: Iona and the Highlands-June 23 to June 26) male images for divine activity in the Directors: George and Rose Hall and Dick Cassel world and among humans: activities of creating, sustaining, calling, teaching, inRome - July 2 to July 16 spiring, saving, judging...
...The feminist theological Christian logos (speech...
...She places her endeavor with- male terms used equivalently, as well as and interpreted...
...While they reveal varying degrees Others, such as Rosemary Radford of sympathy with the intellectual efforts Ruether, Letty Russell, Anne Carr, and of their opponents, they all claim a comElizabeth Schussler Fiorenza, have worked fore says, "A revolution is now taking place mitment to women's political and social out a variety of options for negotiating the in the worship and discourse of English- equality...
...Michel Barnes cause the language she has found does City - _. Rev...
...And women's Daly and Rebecca Chopp and Isabel Carter guage...
...And she has performed the E MU Systematic Theology Marquette University most fundamental function of a true Theological Ethics Department of Theology Theology and Society Mar queue Coughlin Hall theologian, which is to provide a vision Unrverarty Milwaukee, WI 53233 of God worthy of prayer...
...The lessons of such experience can help both men and women see ASI how destructive purely patriarchal systems American Summer Institutes are, and can provide alternative images of SUMMER 1993 social life (human and divine) predicated THEME: "WHERE WE ARE" on solidarity and intimacy rather than on dominance...
...by Elizabeth Achtemeier ("Exchanging those committed to true speaking about There is an issue of intellectual crediGod for `No Gods"') and Leslie Ziegler God and loyalty to the gift God has en- bility when the feminist critique is posed ("Christianity or Feminism...
...Edward Kilmartin, S.J...
...In any case, the synthesis at once bold and discerning, ed in specific experience...
...Here Johnson's argument exposes the implica20: 29 January 1993 Commonweal tions of apophatic theology, which insists true God from true God, begotten not to language about "the trinity in itself...
...Finally, she asserts that "Christ methodological awareness, its systematship" is not the only appropriate lan- for us" is now no longer the historical ic character, its thorough engagement guage concerning Christology...
...But es "female" images rather than "femi- topic: Johnson does not suggest that her treatise does not directly address what nine" ones, because of the way language women have distinctive experiential or should be done...
...This is particularly the (most seriously) shakes the founda- has been abusive, even and sometimes escase, unfortunately for overall impres- tions of Christology...
...The Nicene Creed itself WASHIN Director of Recruitment shows that the biblical symbols of THEOLO Washington Theological Union "Father/Son" can be misapprehended 9001 New Hampshire Avenue when taken literally, and require critique U Silver Spring, MD 20903-3699 and correction by other terms, as it offers A Roman Catholic School for Ministry (301) 439-0551 these qualifications: "begotten from the father before all the ages, light from light, Commonweal 29 January 1993: 21 sition in the world and the human story...
...What is innovative is God, cannot adequately comprehend the n parts 3 and 4 of her book, her choice of moving from the human enmystery which even when spoken remains Johnson turns to her constructive counter with "Spirit/Sophia" in the world, ungraspable by any human mind or words...
...That procedure is also rooted in traditional about God, even revealed language about theological method...
...The essayists in Speaking the Christhat theology, if it is not to fall into will- Christianity pervasively and profoundly tian God worried about feminists' ful blindness, must always remain atten- marked by feminist values...
...perception that theology has to do with the critical and doxological, at once engaged But her Roman Catholicism also shows living God who continues to speak to with the classical sources of Christian in the capaciousness of her theological vipeople in their present experiences, and theology and committed to a vision of sion...
...Mary Daly's Beyond Books discussed The eighteen essays that Kimel has God the Father: To- in this essay gathered in Speaking the Christian God ward a Philosophy of She Who Is: The Mystery of God clearly have a counterrevolutionary purWomen's Liberation (1973) explicitly chal- in Feminist Theological Dis- pose...
...Ecological, NuclearAge (1987) are favorite Elizabeth Johnson's expression, speech Lacking a generous appreciation of targets...
...dimension comparable to that involving nism" and demands its rejection by Their refusal to leave and their insis- Gnosticism in the second century C.E., for Christian theologians...
...How did we get to the Alvin F. Kimel, the editor of Speaking the suggestion that calling God "She" might Christian God, distinguishes between not be a bad thing...
...Andrews...
...Thus, exclu- multiple linguistic options...
...She fully subscribes to the fem- alive") or a "scotosis" (meaning a "dark- new whole...
...substance if daring in expression...
...Ph.D...
...10038 sues, is a disappointment...
...1 Tim...
...2:11-15...
...Rather it is a treatise De Deo Trino...
...Something fundamental ix afoot LUKE TIMOTHY JOHNSON Imost twenty years community defines its sense of historihave passed since cal continuity...
...Unlike some of the very best Roman Catholic theolosetting of accustomed verities, is absent Protestant feminists, therefore, she has gy of this century...
...City...
...These asthe several books of Rosemary Radford slow and patient process of education and sertions may be right or wrong, but a reRuether and above all Sallie McFague's discernment such momentous alterations sponse that does not acknowledge them Models of God: Theology for an demand...
...She sees that our refusal tentionality of that language has been conceive of the "Spirit-God" in such terms, even to consider that God could have be- thoroughly established...
...inist critique of sexist practices, and takes ening" of the light willfully chosen...
...only in recondite matters of language, but how radical those pillars of the tradition in the specifics of practice...
...Indeed, she is attracted to considers "the dense symbols and their dark even the value of the feminist agenda...
...The and Faith's Freedom: A Classic Spirituality for true force of Daly's unforgettable aphoContemporary Christians (both Fortress...
...Perhaps and women not because men have a more our attempts to describe God...
...by involves God's own critique of patri- deeply engaged not only with classical In this section, Johnson applies her method archy: humans are saved not by a domi- Trinitarian doctrine (especially Augusof critique, retrieval, amplification...
...Ecrdrnans, 521.95, 337 pp...
...But inist commitment...
...She begins with "speak- to the specifically Christian teaching of Johnson also examines the implications of ing about God from the world's Incarnation and Resurrection through analogical speech about God, especially the history," which means in effect "Jesus/Sophia," and from these to way in which it always presupposes a cri- that her analysis proceeds from the "eco- "Mother/Sophia," the originating power tique of positive affirmations, and always as- nomic trinity" revealed in the human story, at work in all this mysterious self-disposerts the dimension of "greater dissimilarity" even as it acknowledges the possibility of "similarity" in attribute between human and divine realms...
...in Theological Ethics in the Roman Catholic tradition in a joint program with Weston School of Theology...
...advance in the debate over the appropriterested in denying the maleness of the In the last section of her treatise, Johnson ateness of female language about God and human Jesus...
...demanded by the Christian ethos...
...4:17, 30), are not Spirit touches and transforms both female ful language, all mark it as a significant gender-specific...
...The index confirms a about in lectionaries (not only not what women want but what humanireader's impression that although Mary with respect to inclusive lan- ty, male and female, needs...
...Because she FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Please send me information on Marquette has tried to find language more capa Tuition Scholarships University's Theology Department Graduate Teaching/Research Program...
...Part I is pro- ideal of language for God in male and ferevelatory quality if carefully discerned grammatic...
...fads in theology that come and go," and The authors of these essays think that this movement, which not only critiques the progression from the edges of social traditional ways of thinking about God and critique to the heart of Trinitarian theolChrist, but also "embodies this critique in ogy was from the start implicit in the very practical directives that alter the premises of feminism...
...3:7...
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...If feminist scholarship says by Janet Soskice, J.A...
...Commonweal 29 January 1993: 19 els showed itself profoundly comfortable Following the lead of Paul Ricoeur's prin- cerning both men and women...
...Precisely because, to use cannot be viewed as adequate...
...They insist, in fact, that such is tension between Christian faith and fem- speaking Christianity...
...Instead, she has (414) 288-7170 Biblical Theology sought by a faithful yet critical reading Historical Theology to enrich it...
...It is not a tract for the times but choice now before us involves an open- stitution, still less of reversal...
...Zip There is therefore an issue of moral credibility when the essayists consider it sufthen the male is God...
...remind me of the balance ly in terms of a supposed "worldview" inPatrons $250 in 6 months trinsically incompatible with Christianity) Charter $125 is a form of trivialization inappropriate Sustaining $50 (Memberships are tax deductible...
...cient Israelite henotheism...
...project...
...Allow me to make the terms of the argument specific...
...He is authorof The sion grew inescapable: practice could not Writings of the New Testament: An Interpretation, change without a change in ideology...
...think of God as "a man" or even worse The rich cultural, social and educational life of the in terms of the barbaric war god of an- nation's capital...
...There are argument: "Theoretically, I endorse the legitimately be thought to have a certain four parts to her exposition...
...Sometimes her own language grows mushy with affect...
...In 18: 29 January 1993 Commonweal less defensive a posture, one wonders as I can tell, is the most substantial and sued so as to restrict priesthood only to how comfortable these authors would be sophisticated effort yet undertaken to con- sandal-wearing Jewish peasants from with such an etiolated understanding of nect "feminist and classical wisdom" in a Galilee...
...Surely we by now should be able colleagues...
...She will not God," as found in women's interpreted exsively masculine language about God abandon the name "God," (to replace it perience, Scripture and its trajectories, leads to and provides ideological support with "Goddess" or "Godless...
...It is, of course, (Optional: Tuscany, Siena, Florence-July 16 to July 21) noteworthy that the most splendid examDirectors: Theo and Ruth Ann Gill and Paolo Ricca ples are found in the Book of Wisdom, Uppsala/Helsinki/St...
...and, she with the notion that the revelation of God ciple that "symbol gives rise to thought," chooses "equivalent images," rather than continues in our world, and that the nar- she attempts to demonstrate how the use the replacement of male images with feratives of human experience form a le- of female symbols can enrich our think- male ones...
...Also Part 2 of her exposition examines the as axiomatic the feminist principle that significant are her three choices among "resources for emancipatory speech about symbols give rise to praxis...
...Only oc- about God threatens the symbolic pressed those rights...
...But excesses and lapses are in my PROGRAMS For information write or call: judgment redeemed by Johnson's two M.A...
...These last are in- pecially by earlier staunch defenders of orsions, with the opening and closing essays deed weighty issues, requiring of all thodoxy and tradition...
...I find Johnson's not the incidental facts of Jesus' life are as the "suffering God: compassion poured treatment to be thoroughly orthodox in salvific, but, as Paul argued, the funda- out...
...Some feminists, like Daly her- The Holy Trinity and the Chal- rejection of the premises and conclusions self, decided that Christianity is irrevocably lenge of Feminism, edited by 4.1...
...14:33-36...
...as though it were entirely a self-serving enquaintance with some important primary terprise by women "always learning [who] feminist sources, although a sympathetic n fact, I share the essayists' sense can never arrive at the knowledge of the reading of them is rarer (mainly in the es- of outrage at the ways in which truth" (2 Tim...
...She splendid isolation, but returns again to the Incarnation, and the centrality of Jesus argues, furthermore (surely correctly), that involvement of God with the human story in the Christian tradition...
...she choos- and in classical theology...
...The tendency Benefactors $1.000 Full amount enclosed...
...It is nothing less tence on continuing to speak within the it implicates the whole range of Christian than the application of a feminist critique church has forced the recognition that ethos (identity) and praxis (practice), as to the very language about God and feminism is something more than a tem- both derive from the disputed territory of Christ, and, by implication, to the adeporary crisis...
...and relativization by other terms, lest we Financial aid and on-campus housing...
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...I the "fittingness" of his having been male, light" of the inner life of the Triune God...
...E 22: 29 January 1993 Commonweal...
...God as "a woman," or, even worse, in Sabbatical program-1 or 2 semesters...
...previous and fuller studies dealing with The subsequent debate has intensified and Speaking the Christian God: the disputed issues...
...trusted to the church both intense labor entirely in terms of "what women want," The authors demonstrate decent ac- and great delicacy...
...DeNoiia, and many changes have been brought is heard more accurately, the issue concerns Ray Anderson...
...gitimate basis for rereading and ing about God...
...have accepted the uncomfortable role of flected in these books has a historic But what constitutes "radical femithe loyal opposition...
...Box 40 - Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 expected but rich possibilities of "emanTelephone (609) 799-5349 cipatory discourse" about God...
...toward broad characterization (especialSupporters $500 Half enclosed...
...Scripture, in turn, offers far Leysin - July 18 to August 1 more than the occasional female metaphor (Optional: Zurich-August 1 to August 6) or simile...
...that God's revelation is entirely something agenda to a faulty worldview, alterna- But although the concerns raised by the of the past, but also comprehensively and tively characterized as Kantian dualism, essayists are legitimate, their criticisms unambiguously contained in the literal monism, projectionism, Gnosticism...
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...rights for women" without acknowledgThe essays in Speaking the Christian More substantively, the essayists fre- ing the ways in which Christianity has God are generally civil in tone, although quently assert that changing language helped sponsor structures that have supa polemical edge is not lacking...
...about God takes place "at the intersection feminists' loyalty or goals, the essays in The contributors were obviously given of mighty concerns," the most exquisite Speaking the Christian God increasingly a free hand to shape their essays, with the loyalty, love, and delicacy must be used manifest a defensive closure against danresult that there is considerable overlap- in its deployment, for the identity of the gerous "outsiders" rather than an open disping of themes...
...They unite in a flat broadened...
...It is entirely charthe next more difficult steps are taken more come incarnate in a woman is one of the acteristic of this work, however, that the easily...
...sometimes she is so open and generous in her sensibilities that she can be challenged as uncritTHEOLOGY MUUniversity ical concerning contemporary ethos...
...Multidimensional programs help so perspicuous nor so "proper" a lan- develop pastoral skills, a broad theological guage about God as (for example) the es- understanding, spiritual depth and personal sayists of the other volume suggest...
...The last point is of particular signifireinterpreting the sacred texts of the tra- Although clothed in extraordinarily rich cance, showing the fundamentally irenic, dition...
...Particularly in the female perDirectors: Ted and Katie Gill sonification of Wisdom (Hochma/sophia) St...
...The outcome of quacy and authority of biblical revelation...
...They are written by battle-tested vetlenged the symbolic structure of traditional course, Eli-, aheth A. .Ioho.+un, erans, virtually all of whom can cite Christianity from a feminist perspective...
...certainly her tendency to dismiss everyFor more than 25 years, Marquette University has provided a thing negative about women as the result tradition of excellence in graduate theology for lay men and of "feminization" within patriarchal strucwomen, clergy and religious...
...The debate re- radical feminism...
...rism became more evident: "If God is male, Commonweal 29 January 1993: 17 about where all this will lead approprir TBECOME A 1993 ASSOCIATE ate, this collection of essays, taken as a r COMMONWEAL ASSOCIATES major statement concerning the central is15 Dutch Street, New York...
...do not suggest that Johnson's work is withsince his kenosis (self-emptying) there- It is a rich and fascinating discussion, out fault...
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...Johnson has carried the discussion to the heart of the classical tra- `SPIRIT...
...they question whether there bying and political pressure and manipu- uct appears self-interested, and so is something identifiable as "Women's lation, but matters requiring passionate and simplistically stated as to suggest not only Experience...
...Johnson is there- were in their assertions concerning the via If he earlier published efforts fore able to show how a "male centered negativa and how cautious they were by Elizabeth Johnson are Christology" shapes sexist practice by about the via analogia and how thorgiven relatively positive no- citing the egregious argument from the oughly inadequate (indeed misleading) tice by the essayists in "Declaration on the Question of the they regarded the via positiva if it has not Speaking the Christian God, Admission of Women to the Ordained been tempered by apophatic criticism, which made me wish that her most recent Priesthood" that men should be ordained with its emphasis on the inadequacy of book had been available to them...
...In my reading, this is the heart of Johnson's argument, and the element that makes her book necessary reading for any- aQtck the one wishing to pursue this issue in a responsible way...
...and liturgical texts through polit- learning is precisely a distinctive approxHeyward and Elizabeth Schiissler Fioren- ically correct committees, changes imposed imation of the truth about God that enables za all come in for discussion or criticism, on the people previous to the necessarily both men and women to grow...
...All language made, one in substance with the father...
...George Tavard, A.A...
...nism...
...Rather, it entertains the about "feminine/masculine" attributes cognitive access to God (see Morelli's question of how God should be spoken...
...character-the prerequisites of effective ministry...
...Near Eastern mythology, so also does male As well as: language about God (yes, even that spo- Cross-registration at six other schools of theology, ken by Jesus) require a negative critique through the Washington Theological Consortium...
...cious of the many dimensions of the livAssistantships Name ing God who calls us to a share in the glory which is fullness of life, and beNEW FACULTY FOR 1992-93 Address Dr...
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...If the reader is sufficiently bold to of Incarnation...
...The same essayists from this book...
...Another observer might perceive that the LUKE TIMOTHY JOHNSON is professor of protest against sexist practices met such New Testament at the Chandler School of unreasonable resistance that this concluTheology, Emory University...
...The nant distant male, but by a male who tine's) but also with a variety of recent sysbrilliance of starting with the human en- empties himself out in service and invites tematic theologies...
...Kimel there- principle-based character of their rejection...
...dition, and suggests that the truest reading of that tradition's own principles legitimates her project...
...many names" for God, without in principle excluding the legitimacy of female names...
...Phone Number ( ) er with an "emancipatory discourse," whose first freedom is the freedom to pray...
...nation...
...It therefore seems logical to sug- and evocative language, her argument tentative, and constructive character of her gest that "women's experience" also might proceeds in systematic fashion...
...The authors repetitively people as well as the truth about God is cussion with faithful if perhaps distanced bewail what they regard as the feminists' at stake...
...agenda, furthermore, has extended be- this wide-ranging and sometimes acri- But wait: all the way back to Elizabeth yond the moral denunciation of sexist pat- monious debate will affect the shape of Cady Stanton there was a challenge to terns in church and society to encompass Christianity for succeeding generations, Paul's statement that women should be an ever more explicit engagement with the including the ways in which the Christian silent in the assembly (1 Cor...
...most telling symptoms of the disease the final chapter does not consider God in What about the key issue of the feminist critique seeks to diagnose...
...As a result, however kind- survived within a communion which is still worry about the status of metaphor verly delivered, the cumulative message from the most patriarchal in its structures and sus simile, but Johnson is able to delve these authors to "women" can be heard as systematically repressive of women, not into Augustine and Aquinas and show just "be silent, or leave...
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...As a result, the very invoca(especially McFague's) inadequate grasp to agree that these are not matters for lob- tion of tradition as a tamper-proof prodof metaphor...
...central symbols of the Christian tradition...
...religious and lay-prepare for a variety of roles of And from that height, she asserts that lan- service, witness, mission and leadership in the guage about "father and son" is neither Catholic Church...
...It is entirely disincasionally does a scarcely controlled an- framework of traditional Christianity, genuous to defend the intention of the imus disrupt the tone of reasonable challenges the absoluteness and author- Scripture's language without at least condiscourse, and broad characterization re- itativeness of biblical revelation, and fessing that in fact the use of that language place analysis...
...Finally, she suggests that classical theology also legitimates the use of Preparing for ministry...
...Johnson's argu- to consider the essential life of God as "She that already in the biblical tradition, this ment is rather that Jesus' maleness is an Who Is," the reader is neither shocked nor "face of God" is either genderless or fe- accidental rather than an essential feature repelled, for the precise and positive inmale...
...Committed to scholarship and tures requires close and critical examidialogue within American Catholic theology, Marquette offers a diverse faculty nationally recognized in theological research...
...Rather than leave in pur- His assessment is neither melodra- they emphatically reject the project of suit of a more comfortable spirituality, they matic nor inaccurate...
Vol. 120 • January 1993 • No. 2
