Communications
MARSHALL, CHARLES C. & LAFARGE, REV. JOHN & FITZGERALD, CHRISTOPHER I. & O'Hara, Linda Maley & Moran, Eugene A.
COMMUNICATIONS MR. MARSHALL INQUIRES New York, N. Y. TO the Editor:-I am in receipt of a public letter from you, as president of The Calvert Associates, with the request that I would be kind...
...I am an advocate of religious liberty, and gratified to be numbered as such by His Eminence and by The Calvert Associates...
...Anyone familiar with the courts of England at that period (1777) knows that no agreement for the child's apprenticeship could have been made before Lord Mansfield, or signed or sealed by him, as Lord Chief Justice...
...The fact of religious peace, between Protestants and Catholics, being both the spirit and the practice of the early colony, as long as the proprietary and his chosen associates held sway, is shown by the records, as well as by the traditions which lingered in the memory of Protestant Maryland as late as 1758...
...Yet, says the Presbyterian Irving Spence, from the institution of the government of Maryland "until the expulsion of the unfortunate James II from the British throne . . . the principle [of toleration] was not only recognized, but carried out in practice...
...In the year 1799 Pamela was a resident of Hamburg, where her means of existence were precarious and straitened...
...They dwelt first at Frescati, at Black Rock, near Dublin, and later either at Castletown, Carton or Leinster House...
...The official record of her death is to be found in the "Marie of the Premier Arrondissement of Paris"-"Du huit Novembre, mille huit cent trente un, a trois heures du soir...
...Eugene A. Moran...
...MARSHALL INQUIRES New York, N. Y. TO the Editor:-I am in receipt of a public letter from you, as president of The Calvert Associates, with the request that I would be kind enough to aid your Association by attending a highly important event which will occur, you say, on March 25...
...Seymour" (25) guineas to bind the contract...
...The obscurity is furthered by Pamela's marriage contract, dated December 27, 1792...
...The very dagger, however, was stolen from Mr...
...We must not, however, misinterpret their diffidence: in their case silence is not consent...
...On March 12, 1798, Mr...
...This document reads: "Edward FitzGerald, natif de Londres, fils du fen due de Leinster, age de vingt-neuf ans, et Stephanie Caroline Anna Simms, connue sans le nom de Pamela, agee de dis-neuf ans, native de Londres, fille Guillaume Berkly et de Marie Simms...
...Christ comes but to fulfil it, as before...
...She survived her mother, Madame de Genlis, by eleven months, dying in the year 1831...
...Meynell's views may find in the following poem which she published in the Dublin Review soon after the United States had embarked upon the "noble experiment" some light upon her attitude at that time...
...Swan (deputy town major) by the son of an intimate friend and was, in 1837, m tne possession of Emma Le Fann, wife of Lord William R. Le Fann, commissioner of public works in Ireland...
...TO the Editor:-While everyone silently waits for the outcome of the London naval parley, we might while away the time by considering the almost forgotten subject of farm relief...
...Philippe Egalite," and others...
...Were they less single-minded than they seem to be, they also might coin this perversity into fabulous wealth by including wheat, hogs and hominy in the mala prohibita, for do not men sin by eating as well as by drinking ? Let us then abolish the bakeries and we shall soon have a generation which knows not the taste of baker's bread, for the housewife will add to her accomplishments the illicit making of the home-baked article, and incidentally the unemployed could be drafted as moral policemen whose field of operations would not be limited to our border lines, but would extend to every cook-stove in the land...
...We owe them much, e.g., the firm establishment of morals as the exclusive concern of politics, and the resultant prosperity of the grape growers of California and the bootlegging and law-enforcing industries of the North and East...
...Christopher I. Fitzgerald...
...With such mixed Protestant and Roman Catholic antecedents, Cecilius found it natural to promulgate the law above referred to, dealing out religious liberty to Trinitarians, but death and destruction to Unitarians, Quakers, Jews, and all unbelievers...
...Moreover, after a careful search among the records of the court of King's Bench, no such deed of agreement as that described by Madame de Genlis has been found...
...When dissension and civil war in the mother country and at home seemed to threaten the overthrow of what had proved so great a blessing, the proprietary and the legislature, in which both faiths were represented, did what they could to secure tolerance by making it the law of the land...
...These facts are, I think, stranger than the fictions and folklore of the article...
...they may be too proud to beg...
...In point of fact, no such interference by the Chief Justice or judges could occur, or did occur...
...He was later taken in the same city...
...Moore in the first edition of his life of Lord Edward Fitz-Gerald said: "Pamela was the adopted, or as it may be said, without scruple, the actual daughter of Madame de Genlis, by the due d'Orleans...
...Rev...
...Your circular further refers to your meeting as an annual event celebrating "the anniversary of the landing of the Catholic pilgrims in Maryland," and that the meeting-"A Meeting for Religious Liberty"-will be held under the patronage of "His Eminence Patrick Cardinal Hayes, archbishop of New York, Right Reverend William T. Manning, D.D., bishop of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of New York, and Bernard S. Deutsch, president of the American Jewish Congress...
...Seymour, who had married (being an English gentleman of birth) against the consent of his family, a person of humble condition, named Mary Simms...
...Madame de Genlis goes on to state, that upon agreement between "Mary Simms Seymour" and herself, they two went into the court of King's Bench, before Lord Chief Justice Mansfield (who, she says, also affixed his name and seal to the agreement) and according to the usual forms took "Pamela" as an apprentice, paying "Mrs...
...It is, sir, a well-known fact that George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, was originally a member of the Church of England, a brilliant figure at the English court, and a distinguished official in the English government...
...To try to minimize, as again some few have attempted, this evident practice of toleration by ascribing it to the charter alone, its authors or grantors, is placing on the charter a weight of interpretation which that document, taken by itself, does not clearly sustain...
...Such is the consummation you invite me to celebrate as signifying religious liberty...
...This marriage contract is signed by "Edward FitzGerald," "Pamela Simms," "L...
...You enclose a circular reprinted from the advertising columns of The Commonweal explaining that event to be a meeting of your Association at the Metropolitan Opera House, and referring to the purpose of your Association to draw public attention to the principle of religious liberty established in Maryland by George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) in whose honor your Association, it says, was founded...
...Moreover there is no record of any official persecution of anyone, Jew or Gentile, for religious beliefs or lack of beliefs, or of any such persecuting attitude on the part of the clergy of those days...
...On December 27 this same year, Pamela was married at Tourney to Lord Edward FitzGerald...
...Marshall finds a connection between the Puritanical features of the Act of 1649 and the two long-preceding facts: (A) that Cecilius's father had returned to the religion of his ancestors...
...TO the Editor:-Some few days ago I read with surprised interest the article in the issue of January 22, 1930, Irish Earls and Irish Castles by Padraic Colum...
...ABOLISH THE BAKERIES Dorchester, Mass...
...W. T. Russell, in his work, Maryland, the Land of Sanctuary, points out on page 204: "The latter part of this Act in which toleration is limited to Christians, bears a close resemblance to part of the ninth section of the Agreement of the People (January 15, 1648) by which religious liberty was guaranteed to all in England except Catholics and Episcopalians...
...From the Protestant king and government of England he and his son Cecilius obtained a grant of what became the province of Maryland...
...Her father was the due de Chartres, afterward due d'Orleans, not Philippe Egalite...
...but Lord Edward FitzGerald eluded pursuit and for some time lay in concealment...
...Charles C. Marshall...
...A REPLY New York, N. Y. TO the Editor:-The celebration of March 25, as I understand it, commemorates not the Act Concerning Religion, but the fact of religious liberty, as actually exemplified in the early days of the Maryland colony...
...Poets are often liable to be impressed and carried away with fancy at the expense of fact...
...is it anything else than discourteous and intolerant for you to send me a communication describing Bishop Manning as the "bishop of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of New York," while to His Eminence Cardinal Hayes you ascribe the title-not archbishop of the Roman Catholic province of New York-but "archbishop of New York...
...You know that my bishop, by the constitutional usage of the Church of which I am a member and of which he is a bishop, is designated as the bishop of New York...
...To ascribe to the founders, as some have done, mere mercenary motives is belied by the evident idealism which inspired the Maryland adventure...
...Mr...
...I desire to recognize every element of courtesy in the letter and invitation with which you have honored me, and I am eager to extend what humble aid is in my power to the cause of religious liberty, but I cannot feel that this cause will be advanced by celebrating an event directly connected with the promulgation of one of the most intolerant enactments that has defaced the statute books of time...
...When the Constituent Assembly in France terminated its labors, Madame de Genlis, accompanied by Mademoiselle d'Orleans and Pamela, and attended by two deputies, Petion and Voidel, went to England...
...This Act, concerning which so much has been said and written, is generally regarded by students of Maryland history as a compromise measure, by which the proprietary and his council sought to salvage what they could of their idea of toleration in the face of the rising tide of Puritan intolerance...
...I should be as glad to join you in celebrating the landing of those whom you refer to as "the Catholic pilgrims in Maryland" as in celebrating the landing of the Puritan pilgrims in Massachusetts, but not in either case as signifying religious liberty...
...Linda Maley O'Hara...
...During the conflict of capture, both he and one Captain Ryan were mortally wounded...
...You are personally acquainted with my churchmanship...
...IRISH EARLS AND IRISH CASTLES Wanwatosa, Wis...
...The section which imposes the penalty of death for blasphemy, denial of the Trinity or of the unity of the Godhead is apparently taken from an act of the Presbyterian Parliament of May 2, 1648...
...The first picture we find of her is the one which has always hung in the galleries of Versailles called "La Lecon de Harpe...
...The wine within the chalice need not hide, For it is wine no more...
...This latter has, however, his name, among others on her marriage contract...
...He was converted to the Roman Catholic religion in 1625...
...This assertion is supported by the statement of Mademoiselle d'Epinay, daughter of one of Pamela's intimate friends...
...As your letter to me is a circular and public letter I shall give this reply to the religious press, and I request space for its publication in The Commonweal, the organ of The Calvert Associates...
...After this union the couple enjoyed happiness up to the time of Lord Edward's death upon June 4, 1798...
...This belief prevailed at the time of Pamela's marriage, which is recorded in the Masonic Magazine for January, 1793: "The Honorable Lord FitzGerald, knight of the shire for the County Kildare, to Madame Pamela Capet, daughter of his royal highness the ci-devant duke of Orleans...
...The Law of Prohibition Yet are there nooks of vine In little furtive vineyards that escape The righteous law, and foster for its wine The altar-destined grape...
...It provided that all persons within the province of Maryland who denied Jesus Christ to be the Son of God, or who denied the Holy Trinity, or spoke reproachfully thereof, should be punished with death and confiscation of all lands and goods...
...The proprietary's spirit was caught by the first colonists, and the beneficent working of the policy was felt by all...
...Yet does the law abide...
...Acte de deces de dame Anne Caroline Stephanie Symes, rentiere, agee de cinquante sept ans, veuve en premier noces de Sieur Edward FitzGerald, et mariee en second noces a Sieur Joseph Pitcairn...
...If only the farmers of the South and West would tell us what they want...
...How the Catholic proprietary regarded the repressive features of the Act, is shown by his reinstatement of Jacob Lumbrozo, the Jewish merchant who had been delated by zealots for alleged "blasphemy...
...That this prosperity is based upon a perversity of human nature which neglects the good things that are free, while seeking the evil things which are prohibited, disturbs not these farmers who bestowed upon us our new morals and our new prosperity...
...Swan, a magistrate of the county of Dublin, apprehended at the house of Oliver Bond, in Bridge Street, some of the leaders of the United Irishmen...
...La dite de functe nee a nouvelle angleterre, et decedee a Paris, Rue Riche Janse, nombre 7, aujourd 'hui a midi dix minutes...
...The situation is aptly summarized by Scharf, in his history of Maryland, volume 1, page 182: "The peculiar provisions of the charter, while they by no means proscribed toleration, yet, by making the province a palatinate, placed it in the power of the proprietary to carry out his liberal policy without molestation...
...Moore attempts to correct his earlier assertion by a note in a later edition of his work...
...Here also she became acquainted with an American of the name of Pitcairn, a United States consul...
...It has been compared with the Poor Laws of Elizabeth, which marked the expiration of a period of Christian charity in dealing with human want...
...The connection does not seem clear, unless on some a priori assumption that being a Catholic Calvert, father or son, must necessarily have been intolerant, with which assumption we are not here concerned...
...Madame de Genlis, her mother, in her memoirs, attempts to hide her real identity (Pamela's) by a narrative of pretense to the effect that "Pamela," her natural daughter, was one "Nancy," the offspring of a Mr...
...A procedure of that nature was totally at variance with the practice of the law courts...
...Both events led to intolerance and persecution, and from religious liberty are equally remote...
...Negatively tolerant-and deserving of great honor for that-the charter conferred upon the proprietary such quasi-regal powers and left such a degree of latitude in making religious restrictions that, with all regard to Catholic disabilities in the home country, he could have easily shown an intolerant or narrow-minded spirit if he had so wished...
...and (B) that his father had obtained the charter from a Protestant king...
...Shortly after they married but neither happiness nor contentment resulted for Pamela...
...Such are the details of the marriage, birth and parentage of Pamela...
...The real story of Pamela (the wife of Lord Edward Fitz-Gerald) obscure in its opening, tragic in its course, and mournful at its close, is a romance of real life, far more engaging than the given one based on hearsay and folklore...
...In 1820, Pamela, under the name of Lady FitzGerald, was living in obscurity at Toulouse, apart from her second husband...
...During this sojourn (1792) Pamela is said to have formed the acquaintance and won the admiration of Richard Brinsley Sheridan...
...After the death of her husband, Pamela and her children were left dependent on the kindness of friends as a result of an English bill of attainder passed against the estate and goods of Lord Edward...
...John LaFarge, S.J...
...Moore gives a description of the dagger Lord Edward used in his death struggle, and at the Dublin Exhibition of 1872, a dagger was exhibited purporting to be the weapon in question...
...The Maryland Act of religious liberty (described in your Catholic Encyclopedia as "this celebrated Act of Toleration") was promulgated April 21, 1649, by Cecilius, son of George Calvert, Lord Baltimore...
...MEYNELL'S VIEWS Washington, D. C. TO the Editor:-Those of your readers who are interested in Mrs...
...MRS...
...In hiding, day by day, In western suns the sweetened cluster fills, As in the league-long vintage far away On European hills...
Vol. 11 • April 1930 • No. 24
