Iron Cages
Drinnon, Richard
defense of naive realism against skeptical objection. "The very act of denying all 'naive' realism presupposes an objective standpoint," he remarks early in the book; and both the gist and the terms...
...Picking up Max Weber' s"iron cage" metaphor and multiplying it, Takaki argues that following 1776 the Revolutionists put their instinctual life under arrest, "promoted a republican ideology rooted in the Protestant ethic and devised what may be called republican 'iron cages' to help [white?] Americans rule the emotional part of themselves...
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...Many of Graft's subsidiary points deserve more than the terse summary that follows: He corrects the false assumption, implicit in much modern criticism, that texts which represent the ambiguity of experience are themselves necessarily indeterminate in meaning...
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...they visit the sick in the villages, teach catechism, and administer relief in times of famine...
...Echoing their master's con-tempt for the "vegetative" life of native peoples, Gramsci and other Marxists have shared fully the Western colonial dream of escape from "civil" society into a world without people, those desert islands where desires for domination have free play amorig obliging natural objects called Fridays or "natives...
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...Seeking to understand the hegemonic Anglo-Americans, Takaki undertakes a comparative analysis of their responses to Native Americans, Afro-Americans, Chicanos, for skeptics...
...And in the 1890s came a still more terrifying prison, the "demonic 'iron cage' "of an imperialistic war and overseas colonies...
...To secure these points he makes judicious use of the work of E. H. Gombrich, whoseArt andlUusion has sometimes been treated as a handbook Up from substructure IRON CA|ES: Race and Culture in Nineteenth-Century America Ronald T. Takaki Knopf, $15.95, 361 pp...
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...The implication is that all marked categories, such as "dis- tortion,""myth,"" fiction," are dialec- tical categories...
...the necessity to any discourse of some conventional code does not establish that the code or sign-system is in itself suffi- cient to generate meanings...
...After reading Robinson Crusoe as a boy, he had "become obsessed by these things" and never left the house without preparing to be "cast onto a desert island and totally dependent upon my own re- sources...
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...and Chinese Americans...
...Not G-ramsci's letter but his currently fashionable notion of hegemony is the starting point of Ronald T. Takaki: "By culture, I essentially mean what Antonio Gramsci has called cultural hegemony, 'an order in which a certain way of life and thought is dominant, in which one concept of reality is diffused throughout society...
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...and both the gist and the terms of this remark recur again and again...
...Professor Graft has published humor- ous essays on a few of these topics, but they are not part of this book...
...With the substantial increase in the cost ofmatedais, they find themselves seriousiy in debt...
...History doyen C. Vann Woodward has reviewed this reading of our past with what Albert Camus would have called "atrocity bartering": where is any men- tion of what happened to aborigines south of the border, to Jews in Germany, to inmates of the Russian gulag, and-- most egregiously--to racial minorities in U.S.-ravaged Indochina...
...Jtichas'd Drinnon I N ONE of his letters from prison, An- , tonio Gramsci lamented the passing of "Robinsonism, which provided an im- aginary world for so many generations...
...Whites set themselves apart from and dominated all these peoples through stern self-denial or what Alfred Thayer Mahan approvingly called "self-repression...
...therefore they logically "presuppose" their opposites...
...Fomation House Because of a yearly increase of vocations, the Ursuline Sisters of Ranchi have built a Formation House for novices and postul- ants...
...He need not write about victims everywhere to show that in this country repression and racism have always been locked in their unloving embrace and that caste, class, and sex are integral components of our Commonweal: 510...
...But such defensiveness leaves untouched the vital importance of Takaki's topic...
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...in particular, that the necessarily subjective nature of the mechanisms of perception does not in itself guarantee that the result must be in error...
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...in general the tone is earnest and even somber...
...In general, he argues that the preconditions of any action do not exhaust its significance...
...The occasional joke (like calling the unre- fusability of experience "the Godfather Effect") is more likely to provoke de- construction than direct amusement...
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...Often the point takes a somewhat broader form, patterned after a comment by the Marxist critic Georg Luk~cs...
...But then nobody should turn to this book for a holiday or entertainment, when Graft's main ambition is to have us recognize that literary criticism is serious work...
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...Readied thereby for Jackson and the Market Revolution, whites appropriated Indian and Mexican lands, exploited laborers black and white, and moved into new quarters, "the corporate 'iron cage' of bureaucratic capitalism...
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Vol. 107 • September 1980 • No. 16
