LATIN AMERICA: PRESIDENT CARTER'S CROICES

...The Council works closely with the American Chamber of Commerce (40 percent of its international branches are in Latin America), entertaining government leaders and courting U.S...

...Supporting this front line is another David Rockefeller group, the Council of the Americas, in which Vance has played a key role...

...And Carter as candidate insisted that he takes the rich-country/poor-country conflict more seriously than did Kissinger or other recent policy-makers...

...Can we expect change from President Carter...

...The Center for International Policy revealed in January that 69 percent of aid to the Third World, bilaterally and through institutions whose decisions the U.S...

...Business, and only business, knows what it wants...

...We used World War II to eliminate our English and German rivals for influence and to establish a unified foreign policy set by us, a policy neatly transformed later into an anti-Communist alliance...

...foreign policies are inimical to the ultimate achievement of human rights...

...The choice of Jamaica as starting point could be read as showing a country can be democratic, left-wing, friendly to Cuba, and still our friend...

...policy-makers, viewpoints the more acceptable because the recipients have come from business and plan to return to it...

...today, as globals, they often find it profitable to make decisions that produce inflation, unemployment and even national security problems in the United States...

...Much of these efforts comes under the newlyformed Latin American Economic System (SELA, after its Spanish initials...

...Neither objective remains valid today...

...The creation of Latin multinationals is considered the pillar of economic integration...

...diplomats must not "give away" the humanrights issue, but rather manipulate it to obtain political value, political leverage...

...Chile, as well as Argentina, also gets equipment and police training under the Drug Enforcement Act, aid reputedly used for "internal security" as well as drug control...

...Similarly, it is increasingly clear that support of the global corporations does not automaticaUy benefit the United States...

...The few announced cuts i.n military aid do not qualify...

...Only 21 percent of $357 million to Chile last year was debated and authorized by Congress...

...LATIN AMERICA FORGING ECONOMIC UNITY AGOSTINO BONO Now that Jimmy Carter is settling down in the Oval Ot~ce to conduct practical dealings with Latin America, he will find a region much more united than in the past...

...And the reality is that the key policy people, many retreads from former administrations, are business-oriented and business-involved, with little interest or experience in Latin America...

...The integration of Latin America will be done by ourselves for ourselves or it will be done by transnationals for industrialized countries which give them their strength and political support," said Perez...

...The U.S.-Brazii Businessmen's Cotincil and similar organizations in other countries dominate the monthly meeting of our ambasCommonweal: 617 sador with U.S...

...and it will be a college textbook for a decade or more...

...In office, Spanish-speaking Carter has made the symbolic moves expected of a Democratic President...

...The introspection is based on the growing current belief that Latin nations cannot individually stand up to pressures applied by foreign-based companies and industrialized nations...

...Carter is consequently impotent until he develops advisers from areas other than business--labor leaders, scholars, cultural and humanitarian groups...

...Other methods of circumvention also exist...

...The United States has found no alternative rationale for its cold-war justification for neofascist dictators...

...A learned journal last year sent me for review Latin America in the Year 2000...

...Peter asked Dante who had recited the Creed to establish his right to enter heaven: "Well indeed have you described of these coins the purity and weight...

...companies abroad were indeed U.S...

...gaffe in dealing with our macho neighbors...

...New administrations in Washington do not change our attitudes and policies significantly...

...To guide Todman and t h e President we have 15 members of the Trilateral Commission organized by banker David Rockefeller in 1973 to defend the rich nations against the poor by coordinating policies of the United States, West Europe and Japan: Vice-President Mondale, national security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski, Sec/State Cyrus Vance, See/Treasury W. Michael Blumenthal, Sec/Defense Harold Brown...

...It was a 1975 translation of a 1968 meeting in Lima of the Inter-American Planning Society...

...publications...

...economic--to ensure maximum access and freedom of action to U.S.-based global corporations...

...Democratic Presidents, with Roosevelt and Kennedy as the normative examples, traditionally make cosmetic changes in Latin American policies...

...The idea is to pool resources, capital and technology making it easier to compete with foreign-based firms currently dominating the re, gional markets...

...it was about to buy fighter planes costing $250 million from the Soviet Union...

...Actions So what significant action has Carter taken so far...

...Todman, says a State Department colleague, is a hardiiner, tending to "dub as Communist all reformist activities...

...They are backed up by the American Bankers Association, the American Petroleum Institute, and the National Association of Manufacturers...

...The practical results of this" introspection include plans for Latin American multinational companies, greater trade movement within the region, greater sharing and development of indigenous technology and formation of producer associations similar to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries...

...It is quite likely in the near future," he said last August, "that issues of war and peace will be more a function of economic and social problems (north-south) than of military problems (eastwest) . . . . As long as the more powerful nations exploit the less powerful, they will be repaid by terrorism, hatred and potential violence . . . . Insofar as our policies are selfish or cynical or shortsighted, there will inevitably be a day of reckoning...

...17, 1975 by 25 Latin American and Caribbean countries to foster economic integration...

...foreign policies--in the same way as the Soviet Union 30 September 1977:616 and the Third World use "exploitation" and "imperialism"--when some of these U.S...

...Sub-secretary of State for Latin America Terence Todman, has spent most of his diplomatic career in Asia and Africa...

...Behind the gestures, the reality...

...Venezuelan petrodollars are helping finance regional integration projects...

...Our overriding concern since 1945 has been to maintain the status quo for military and economic reasons: military--to keep Russian (later, also Chinese) influence at a minimum...

...The general public is abysmally ignorant, thanks to the near-total dependence of the media on information provided by the public relations experts of the global corporations...

...He must build a new and radically different team if he is to reverse the U.S...

...Che Guevara's shortlived crusade in the Bolivian highlands, the one serious effort at outside infiltration, was a fiasco...

...It is abundantly clear that Communism thrives in Latin America, not through externally-inspired agitation, but through the reality of masses of hungry, unemployed and frustrated people...

...And sending his wife to amuse the children while he was busy with grown-ups on both sides o f the Iron Curtain has seemed to some observers a typical U.S...

...LATIN AMIRIRICA PRESIDENT CARTER'S CHOICES GARY MacEOIN He will discover they are few and radical The United States has traditionally regarded Latin America as a region to be manipulated in its own interest...

...and Chile for all the pious denunciations of candidate Carter is not on the condemned list and has never been named by President Carter for its monstrous continuing violations of human rights...

...An emphasis on human rights can be used externally as a legitimating theory for all U.S...

...He must improve the government input of knowledge enormously, for example, by tapping nongovernment specialists to write unclassified reports and to work for short spells in the State Department...

...So we must ask, as St...

...He stresses human rights...

...Neither have we yet realized that these dictators--who must escalate repression and violation of human rights exponentially to maintain order without justice--are not necessary to or even supportive of the well-being of the United States, but necessary only to the global corporations whose purposes and objectives no longer coincide with ours...

...Last year, for example, a consortium of U.S.-based banks---and bankers are now the cutting edge of and dominating factor in the global corporation commtmitymlent $210 million to Peru when they knew GARY MAC Eom /s the author most recently o] No Peaceful Way: The Chilean Struggle for Dignity...

...Or as DuPont chairman Irving S. Shapiro said in March on Carter's human-rights statements: "There is little danger of economic retaliation by other nations so long as we are in the area of talk and not action...

...What is, however, really significant is Carter's choice of advisers...

...The unity is being forged around economic matters as Latin nations are turning inward to see how they can complement each other rather than constantly seek aid from abroad...

...The arbitrary choice of countries to visit and not visit may suggest a desire to continue recent efforts to downplay Latin America as a force and stress bilateral arrangements between the shark and individual sardines...

...SELA, headquartered in Caracas, Venezuela, stems from an agreement signed Oct...

...More than 220 corporations are now members, with a $1 million budget, full-time staff in Washington, and representatives in Latin America...

...companies formerly, and they returned profits...

...Their effect will long be minimal because of major amounts in "the pipeline," amounts the Pentagon can multiply as miraculously as the loaves and fishes by the frequently used expedient of declaring the appropriate items "superfluous to our needs" and selling them at bargain-basement prices...

...He has cut off some military funds to some dictators for violating human rights...

...administration can manipulate, is not reviewed by Congress...

...And that's where most of our academics are at, except for a few young Turks whose audience and impact are woefully limited...

...Today's world, with the strength of the transnationals and the vigor of industrialized countries, will not allow authentic independence and authentic development to any of our countries," he added...

...Brady Tyson's experience is significant...

...We have "image-making" persons known to favor radical change in domestic and foreign policies, Andy Young and Brady Tyson at the UN, Pat Derian as State Department coordinator for human rights and humanitarian affairs, Sam Brown to head ACTION...

...public opinion with full-page advertisements in influential publications...

...It started modestly as an advisory body of 20 top executives to help President Kennedy "implement" the Alliance for Progress, meeting regularly with State Department officials, an arrangement never duplicated for any interest group...

...while the inclusion of Brazil shouted aloud that a dictatorship can be tyrannical, right-wing, but also our friend...

...Already, over 10 Central American and Caribbean countries have pooled their shipping fleets to form a multinational transport company capable of serving Caribbean needs...

...AGOSTINO BONO, a /requeril contributor to these pages, writes on Latin American affairs /or several U...

...Our universities, however, are so far behind the current realities in our kaleidoscopically changing world as to provide little useful output...

...He was slapped down, not for his comments on Chile far less critical than those of Carter as candidate--but for not appreciating that U.S...

...Cuba was one of the original signers, an indication of rising Latin political independence from the U.S., which still does not have normal diplomatic and commercial ties with Fidel Castro's island country...

...The integration of our economies is the only way to escape our dependence," said Venezuelan President Carlos Andres Perez, one of the prime movers of Latin economic unity...

...The companies can be formed by private and/or state capital from two or more countries...

...Deputy Sec/State Warren Christopher, Coca-Cola chairman Paul Austin as adviser...

...Academia should logically serve as a counterforce, an alternative and unbiased source of the knowledge that is power...

...but tell me, do you have some of them in your purse...

...Nor was any clear policy line discernible in Rosalynn Carter's tour...

...His known qualifications for the job are study in Puerto Rico and two years in Vesco-controlled Costa Rica, an experience calculated to give the illusion of understanding Latin America President Johnson revealed when he said he needed no advisers for dealing with the Dominican Republic because of his years teaching Chicano kids in Texas...

...Individual countries lack the quantity 30 September 1977:618...

...Secretaries of State in particular are a Rockefeller monopoly, John Foster Dulles, Christian Herter, Dean Rusk, Henry Kissinger, and now chairman of the board of Trustees of the Rockefeller Foundation Vance...

...Carter shows few signs of a determination to seize and wear that historic mantle...

...policies that have been the dominant factor in producing the present order without justice in Latin America, policies thatBif continued--promise to engulf all of us in chaos by the year 2000...

...citizens, so that the viewpoint of the global corporations is fed into both ends of the machine...

...But politics is devious...

...All these are subordinate positions, in which the role and radius of action--as Brady quickly learned--are determined by higher-up policy makers...

...Business is thus the only interest that consistently presents its viewpoints on Latin American affairs to U.S...