Paper Medicine Man

...Name Address City/State/Zip Mail to: Liberty Fund, Inc...

...but we have a great deal more bread and butter...

...Helping whites understand their own prehistory, anthropological knowledge could, it was thought, also ease Indians down the "white man's road"—and since Indian cultures would presumably vanish now that no permanent tribal "preserve" was foreseeable, it was imperative to study them within a generation...

...a colleague judged him to be "killing himself with too many hours a day at the Congressional Library," while in Washington, and one cannot avoid the impression of a death hastened by overwork...

...A major resource for academic readers — a collection like this has been needed for very many years — but also a work that will be useful for general readers concerned with some of the seminal ideals of modern western culture...

...in the veins of every Navajo urchin courses the life-tide of 100 warriors each as brave in battle as the gallant Greeks who perished with Leonides...

...He added that it was a small boat...

...Rationalistic, rejecting racialist theories, and with a model of man and society borrowed from Scottish Enlightenment philosophers, Bourke and his fellow ethnologists "saw in nonindustrial cultures the living history of their own civilization...

...Analyzing On the Border with Crook, with its denunciations of America's Indian policy, he points out that its enlightened sentiments were not always those Bourke had entertained during the period described...

...Edward Norman, Cambridge University Essays in the History of Liberty The unifying theme of Volume I is Lord Acton's famous work on the history of freedom...

...Can this be the Christian land of America...

...He was often ill, nervous, and exhausted...

...He became rather a heretic even among humanitarians, finally opposing the Indians' forced, rapid assimilation and actually suggesting that some Indian customs should be preserved...

...Bourke, for example, excused Indian mutilations as natural in a "savage" hunting society...

...Terming Miles "a shoulder-strapped fraud," Bourke, already an open fighter for Indian rights, joined other humanitarians in trying to aid the Chiricahuas, regarding the end of the Apache wars as a victory without honor...

...Your religion brought you the buffalo, ours brought us locomotives and the talking wires...

...The history of human societies was seen as a progression from "rudeness" to "savagery" to "civilization''—the highest state, of course, being a thoroughly modern Victorian...

...Numbering among his eminent friends and patrons Theodore Roosevelt and the historian Parkman, embraced by Washington's intellectual community, and enjoying both popular and critical success (the German edition of his Scatologic Rites of All Nations boasted a foreword by Freud), All three volumes NOW available bbert3Avss/Lthertyaasscs SELECTED WRITINGS OF LO 111) D ACTON in Three Volumes I \ By John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton Edited by J. Rufus Fears, Boston University lord Acton was among the most significant figures and illustrious historians in the intellectual life of nineteenth century England...

...We enlightened people who prate so much about our goodness and elevation would do just the same," he admonished, holding that whites had "but little more morality than the savage, mean as he is...

...By 1881 Bourke had compiled over 4,000 pages of notes on Indian cultures, and his writings attracted the attention of the government's new Bureau of Ethnology...

...His dissections of Bourke's writings are quite valuable...

...On his last birthday in 1896 he described himself as "the author of a few writings, which, altho' true and exact, will not long survive me...

...The Acton Legacy" is composed of excerpts from his remarkable letters and unpublished notes...

...But frontier whites denounced Crook for the heretical notion of.trusting Apaches, and even Sheridan, disliking his reliance on the scouts, replaced him as department commander in 1886 with the sometimes admirable General Nelson A. Miles...

...Bourke served again as Crook's aide during the final Apache campaigns...

...Like many Army officers, he got along rather well with former Indian enemies, collecting pictographs, seeking out informants so old they could remember having only dogs as pack-animals, and quizzing warriors who had helped destroy Custer...

...though revolted by such mutilations, Bourke acquired a necklace displaying ten fingers and a human scrotum...

...Precisely because Apache medicine men were among the most intelligent and astute men of their tribe, he insisted that their power had to be "shattered" before the Indian, as an Indian, could disappear as he and other white humanitarians desired...

...Working with the Apache scouts enlisted by General George Crook, and intrigued by his efficiently lethal companions, he found himself shocked by some of their customs—and carefully recording them in his diaries...

...He also proved more methodical than one recent chronicler who, bewailing the blow to "Cheyenne material culture" dealt by the camp's destruction, mysteriously forgot to mention these items...

...Oddly, Porter terms Indian fighter Bourke, introduced to Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West audience, an "anachronism in uniform" by 1895...

...gratified, if puzzled, by his quest for knowledge, some of his Apache friends even took the name "Bourke...

...Finally forced discreetly to adopt Crook's methods, he shamelessly orchestrated Geronimo's surrender in a way that can boil the blood a full century later, exiling to sickness or death in Florida not only Geronimo's few followers, but also some 382 peaceful Chiricahuas—ineluding his own loyal scouts...

...If Porter does not quite succeed in conveying the peculiar cruelty of the Apache wars (J...

...Posting eight witnesses to avoid missing details of the Sioux Sun Dance, and finding his surroundings "in many respects diabolical" but also fascinating and impressive, he secured bloody skewers torn from dancers' breasts...

...By the age of twenty-three, the precocious Bourke had left college, become a sixteen-year-old Pennsylvania cavalryman, earned a Medal of Honor under Confederate fire, and been graduated from West Point into the tiny postbellum army...

...Please allow 4 to 6 weeks for delivery...

...588 pages Liberty Fund edition, 1985 Essays in the Study and Writing of History Volume II 'covers Acton's distinguished study of history and his belief that it had to be impartial and based on moral judgment...

...Bourke knew that cornering the "bloody-handed old reptile" Geronimo and his band of Chiricahua diehards—able to travel amazing distances over terrain "where the white soldier droops and dies"—was virtually impossible using regular troops...

...in 1875, for example, he had thought it quite the thing to dismiss Sioux claims to the Black Hills of the Dakotas...

...Paper Medicine Man is designed not to replace Bourke's still-popular Indian Wars books, but to complement them...

...Although he did not belittle their richly complex religion, for Porter Bourke illustrates "the paradoxical existence" of cultural relativism and ethnocentrism within Victorian ethnology—a "salvage anthropologist" striving merely to rescue as much information as possible before that religion vanished...

...yet these Indian Wars became an oddly dreamlike memory almost instantly, Cody re-staging his killing of "Yellow Hand" almost before the scalp was cold...

...Through his own writings and those of sympathizers, he tried to turn local opinion toward Crook's favorite tactic of using scouts from the enemy's own tribe...

...Bourke died at the age of forty-nine, still a captain after thirty-four years of service...

...If they offered us Bourke the broadminded soldier, Porter reveals the self-doubting, systematic scholar of "the closing hours of the Stone Age"---a bold, sometimes mournful witness standing at the point of struggle between retreating barbarism and ruthlessly advancing civilization...

...When he was with a Crow, Cheyenne, or Lakota warrior, Bourke was not only talking to a friend, a fellow fighting man, and a knowledgeable source about the events of the Great Plains, but, in his opinion, also with a living historical specimen...

...By 1890, writes Porter, he was "reflexively, unthinkingly, and emotionally condemning all government Indian policy, even when he was not personally well acquainted with the situation"—his diaries and letters "hysterical in tone" as he compared the controversial fight at Wounded Knee with such massacres as Sand Creek, illogically blaming General Miles even for this tragedy...

...Such an impression of Bourke is not so much incorrect as incomplete...

...Impressed when researching the Navajos, he then visited twenty-two Indian pueblos in eight months, sometimes displaying a condescension that he had never felt toward the Apaches, Navajos, or Plains Indians...

...rr his first full-length biography emphasizes Bourke the anthropologist while covering other matters more concisely...

...dollars...

...but then, as Joseph C. Porter demonstrates in Paper Medicine Man, Bourke kept busy...

...zill orders must be prepaid in US...

...but things are of course quite different now, and we are expected to tolerate everybody (save perhaps benighted Victorian ancestors...

...Captain John Gregory Bourke, one of those eminent Victorian soldier-scientists who sought to view other cultures with professional detachment, is best known today for his 1891 frontier classic On the Border with Crook—a panorama of barbaric combats, picaresque scouts, manly soldiers, and stalwart red men, unrolled in charming style by an obviously perceptive and broad-minded officer...

...Enclosed is my check or money order made payable to Liberty Fund, Inc...

...607 pages Liberty Fund edition, 1986 NEW Essays in Religion, Politics, and Morality Acton focuses on moral and political issues as they relate to religion and to liberal Catholicism...

...ticipated in Colonel Ranald Mackenzie's attack on Dull Knife's Cheyenne village, the captured lodges yielding up trophies of the Little Big Horn—as well as a Shoshoni woman's arm and hand, and a bag holding the right hands of twelve Shoshoni babies...

...Boorishly, he barged into sacred ceremonial chambers (once being bodily ejected), asked insulting questions, violated custom by buying sacred objects, and fought down panic while watching with "indescribable horror" (but without permission) the Hopis' Snake Dance: "You stick a pin in your leg: 'Can this be the 19th Century...

...Our Victorian ancestors, placing little emphasis on tolerating others' customs, might have smugly denounced such "savagery...

...when Bourke requested a free-roaming ethnological assignment in 1881, Sheridan gladly placed men, supplies, and transportation at his disposal...

...It was not Miles's finest hour...

...Of all the Indians he met, he most admired these hardy warriors (though even among them he could go too far, sneakily sketching a blind man's medicine cap and damaging its Power...

...Bourke was sometimes less considerate...

...Embittered at remaining a captain and an assignment to border duty in Texas (where he fought bandits and studied Mexican folklore), he scornfully refused the "brevet" majority awarded him for Indian campaigning, bitterly scrawling "Nothing worth mentioning" rather than indicate his scholarship and writings on an efficiency report...

...Fighting with the Third Cavalry against Apaches, his attitude toward "these incorrigible devils" was unremarkable, and when a friendly Apache presented him with a "hostile's" scalp and ears, Bourke had the ears framed and used the scalp for a lamp mat: only when a friend nearly fainted at the sight did he realize "how brutal and inhuman I had been" and ordered them buried...

...776 pages Liberty Fund edition, 1988 Individual Volumes: Hardcover $15.00 Paperback $ 7.50 Three Volume Set: Hardcover $45.00 Paperback $22.50 Please send me: Selected Writings of Lord Acton Quantity Price Per 'Total Ordered Title Edit ion Copy Price The Complete Set Hardcover $45.00 Paperback 22.50 Essays in the Hardcover $15.00 History of Liberty Paperback 7.50 Essays in the Study Hardcover $15.00 and Writing of History Paperback 7.50 Essays in Religion, Hardcover $15.00 Politics, and Morality Paperback 7.50 Subtotal We pay book postage rate...

...P. Dunn noted in 1886 that some whites "willing to extend sympathy and assistance" to other Indians also advocated the Apaches' extermination), he better captures the pageantry and misery of Plains warfare, fusing his own vivid descriptions of the campaigns with Bourke's unique observations...

...Porter sees his Plains experiences as concluding a shift in attitude, Bourke henceforth approaching Indians less as a potential opponent than as a student, eagerly awaiting his chance to savor the delicacy "choked-pup...

...When an Oglala chief urged him not to think the Sioux "strange," Bourke could soothingly reply, "Our grandfathers used to be like yours hundreds and thousands of years ago, but now we are different...

...He proved more empathetic with the Zuni and, though his prudery sometimes hindered his descriptive powers, more tolerant of their customs, including an (expurgated) Urine Dance during which the "dirty brutes drank heartily" of urine—and "miserable stinking rotten urine to boot"—after parodying a Catholic Mass...

...Study never implied retarding the march of progress as commanding general Philip Sheridan well knew...

...After Custer's defeat, when "Grief, Revenge, Sorrow, and Fear stalked among us," he parWayne Michael Sarf is the author of God Bless You, Buffalo Bill: A Layman's Guide to History and the Western Film...

...Please send me a copy of your latest catalogue...

...But while using their own culture as a standard, they sought to analyze rather than denounce...

...As Crook's aide during the 1876 Sioux War, Bourke was inspired to learn the Plains sign language, though still asserting that he had not seen enough "nobleness of mind" among Indians to equal that of an ordinary "Bowery tough...

...Bourke did not live to see the irony of 1960s PAPER MEDICINE MAN: JOHN GREGORY BOURKE AND HIS AMERICAN WEST Joseph C. Porter/University of Oklahoma Press/$29.95 Wayne Michael Sarf 38 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1988 Aquarian Agers glorifying bellicose Indian cultures while insisting on their innate pacifism, but was instead moved to scorn the Hopis, or Moquis, partly by their very lack of martial prowess: "The Moquis are a nation without a hero...

...7440 N. Shadeland Avenue, Dept W-101 Indianapolis, IN 46250 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1988 39 Bourke lived in dread of failure...