The Nation's Pulse/Hurricane Carter's Comeback
Tucker, William
In the great battle twenty odd years earlier for Lenin's mantle, Stalin was the moderate and Trotsky the radical. Trotsky wanted to push the revolution onward and outward without respite, while...
...He stopped it...
...Bello, it eventually emerged, had been acting as a lookout for another ex-offender, Dexter Bradley, who was burglarizing a factory next door...
...514.95/510.95friend who was a parole officer, and was advised to "disappear" during the first trial, which he had done...
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...VATICAN PARALYSIS by Mary Ball Martinez Because Pope John Paul's announcement that he had convoked a special synod to evaluate the results of the Second Vatican Council gave no indication as to how he evaluated them, a spontaneous media buildup began early last year which eventually brought more than 300 correspondents to Rome in November...
...Bradley, the The ancients...
...It was set aside for Carter, a friend of Rawls and a regular patron...
...Hogan got in touch with Selwyn Raab, who was just moving from PBS to the New York Times, and Hal Levinson, also of PBS, who broke the story...
...It made it past the New Jersey Supreme Court on a 4-to-3 vote...
...Nothing happened for a while...
...Priest-columnist Andrew Greeley warned the Vatican that "to turn the clock back by abrogating any of the reforms of Vatican II will only make a chaotic situation more chaotic...
...A026SK Please enroll me as a Thal Member and send me the four books whose numbers I have listed below...
...Governor Brendan Byrne was petitioned by many people to grant Carter an outright par-don...
...Fearing that he might become an expendable witness—and looking for a deal on his own burglary charge—Bello went to police and told his story...
...He also knew there was talk of a "shaking"—some kind of retaliation—in the black community...
...In 1967, the trial judge had not allowed the prosecution to talk- about the circumstances surrounding the murders...
...In 1974, Carter received a $10,000 advance from Viking Publishers for writing his life story, The Sixteenth Round...
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...ake any 3 for (with Trial Membership) ...the Heavens orld the Earth 2865...
...When the officer went to the scene a few minutes later and heard Valentine's description, however, he realized it matched Carter's brand new Manhattan-rented Dodge...
...Select three books for 994 each (values up to $110.00) when you take a fourth book at the low Members' Price...
...THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR FEBRUARY 1986 3 3 Just before the New Jersey Supreme Court reversed the first conviction, another "trial" took place...
...Without private American help Senora Chamorro will almost certainly be forced to close down this staunchly democratic newspaper after fifty years of publication...
...Located just up from Holloway's bar on the street that divided the black and white neighborhoods, it was known as a "redneck" hangout whose owner—who was killed in the shooting—had frequently refused service to blacks...
...If you should receive an unwanted book because you had less than 10 days to decide, you may return it and pay nothing...
...After a 31-day trial, Carter and Artis were both convicted of first-degree murder...
...Except for a few elderly cardinals who had taken part in the Council, the great majority of those scheduled to speak were presidents of episcopal conferences...
...In particular, the Hawkins report turned up a woman whom police had known about but whom the prosecution had deemed too unreliable to put on the witness stand...
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...At first Bello was "uncooperative," but after several meetings he announced he was recanting his testimony identifying Carter...
...Also identifying the car was anotherwitness, 22-year-old Alfred Bello, a reform-school veteran whom police had discovered inside in the bar when they arrived...
...John Artis, a young athlete from neighboring Clifton who was just beginning to cut a name for himself in the community and who idolized Carter, was another frequent customer...
...Shortly thereafter, Hogan began a series of meetings with Bello, who was back in jail and reportedly angry because he hadn't received a $10,000 Join me in helping Violetta Chamorro continue to publish La Prensa–Nicaragua's only remaining voice for freedom...
...If the shadow of the strong critique hung over the synod, no participating cardinal, bishop, or priest admitted it...
...All are equal to the publishers' editions, never "economy" reprints, and are available at savings of $3, $4, $5, or more, off bookstore prices...
...Here's my contribution to ship 250 tons of donated newsprint to Violetta Chamorro...
...Senator Orrin Hatch ---------------YES...
...But is it worth the effort...
...Although the Court said it didn't believe the recantations, it settled on a technicality that accomplished what Bello's new testimony failed to achieve...
...Others testified that Carter had spent part of the evening looking for a gun...
...In searching the car, police turned up a shotgun shell and a handgun bullet of the same caliber as the ammunition used in the shooting...
...Trotsky wanted to push the revolution onward and outward without respite, while Stalin wanted first to consolidate...
...Carter testified before the grand jury that he had heard about the earlier killing...
...price) when it is made available, La Prensa is facing financial ruin in weeks...
...For the many thousands of Nicaraguans who depend on La Prensa for inspiration in a totalitarian state that would be tragic...
...Inside were Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, the pride of Paterson's black community and the nation's numbertwo-ranked middleweight boxer, and a 19-year-old named John Artis...
...Now the Sandinistas are threatening her newspaper's survival...
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...It is a rule of thumb in criminal cases that they become more difficult to prosecute as time goes by...
...There is still hope...
...The money immediately went to Fred Hogan, an investigator with the public defender's office in Monmouth County who was acting as Carter's "agent...
...When he realized they had just shot up the bar, he turned and ran...
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...A fourth witness also said that Carter had approached him and asked him to provide an alibi...
...Boldface shows Members' Price...
...We'll never know what would have happened had Trotsky prevailed, but who in the West will argue now that Stalin was the more desirable foe...
...It also became clear that some of Carter's charisma had faded in the Paterson community...
...The need is urgent...
...Supreme Court, as part of the broad expansion of criminal defendants' rights during the 1960s and 70s...
...Cruising back through the streets of Paterson a few minutes later, he spotted a white car traveling William Tucker is The American Spectator's New York correspondent and author of the new book, Vigilante: The Backlash Against Crime in America (Stein and Day...
...Your total savings as a Trial Member, including this Introductory Offer, can be more than 50...
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...Forced to buy inferior quality Soviet newsprint at outrageous prices (about twice the U.S...
...THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR FEBRUARY 1986 31 Carter had enormous prestige in Pater-son, and the prosecution felt it had a weak case since there were as yet no positive eyewitness identifications of the two men...
...Bello and Bradley also personally identified Carter and Artis as the men who had emerged from the bar—although it seems almost impossible that Bradley, who had been down a long alleyway, could have seen anything...
...Every few weeks (14 times a year), you will receive our Review and a dated reply card...
...Save Nicaragua's Last Voice For Freedom KEEP THE PRESSES OF LA PRENSA ROLLING An Open Letter from U.S...
...22.50/$16.50 -----------The History Book Club, Dept...
...As such they would have no more desired to turn back the clock than they would to join in what could only appear to them an unseemly outburst on the part of the Prefect...
...For Catholics, the Council that changed the Church was a water-shed, and one's attitude toward its con-sequences marks a Catholic as traditionalist, conservative, progressive, or radical...
...THE NATION'S PULSE HURRICANE CARTER'S COMEBACK by William Tucker No fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any courtroom of the United States, than according to the rules of common law...
...Since the original trial, discovery rules had been recodified by the U.S...
...Alerted to La Prensds urgent need, AMERICARES Foundation contacted American newsprint suppliers...
...But there is an essential difference between ideologies like Marxism or revolutionary nationalism and "ideologies" like liberalism or conservatism...
...The defendants also presented three witnesses—two women and a man—who said they had been elsewhere with Carter and Artis that night...
...Time is running out for La Prensa...
...But a true ideology elevates one single issue—be it the struggle for socialism or for Palestine—to a place of overarching importance and judges all other issuesonly in terms of their impact on it., Tactical flexibility may actually come easier for ideologues than for others because the goal is firmly fixed, but compromise about the goal itself is unlikely...
...One witness said he had seen Carter talking with Eddie Rawls after the first killing...
...But Bello wasn't the type to cooperate with police and said nothing...
...But he had not heard that anyone had intended a shooting...
...That evening Carter sought out Morrison to con-front him with the woman in an effort to retrieve the guns...
...Minutes later, a patrol car that had already heard a radio report of the shooting saw two cars—a white one followed by a dark one—speeding down one of Paterson's main avenues...
...Referring to the evidence in the case as "disputed," Sarokin said that in his judgment the case did not merit a conviction...
...HOW THE CLUB WORKS: As a member, you'll be able to choose from 150 to 200 books each month...
...Each successive reversal bludgeons the public into believing that prosecutor and juries really have no power against the higher courts, and that the criminal defendant is playing the winning hand...
...Given our current system, where a single federal judge, reading a trialrecord, can not only overturn the verdict of twelve jurors who actually see and hear the witnesses, but also nullify the reviewing powers of a state's entire judicial apparatus, convictions can no longer be measured in terms of finality—stare juris, as it was once called, long the pride of English law...
...Hogan nevertheless insists that he didn't offer Bello any money...
...the Jesuit rector of Rome's Gregorian University simply called them "sad...
...A jury of ten whites and two blacks once again convicted Carter and Artis on three counts of murder...
...city I State Zip In Canada: Mail to U.S...
...The Passaic County prosecutor's office has not said whether it will attempt a third trial if its appeals are denied...
...On the evidence, another conviction is not impossible...
...after that you'll save even more through Bonus Books that you may choose from our entire list...
...He urged that in the name of "justice and compassion" Carter and Artis not be retried...
...Hogan's own notes—introduced at the second trial—indicate that Bello asked for a payment of $10,000, because, Hogan says, "he said he was going to sell his story to the highest bidder...
...He said that the Passaic County prosecutor's suggestion of possible racial motives in the killing had violated the defendants' constitutional rights...
...Bill those on the left at 994 each and the fourth at the low Members' Price plus postage and packing...
...Applying these rules retroactively, the Court said that the prosecution had withheld information that detectives had made certain promises to Bello—even though the only promise was that Bello's parole would be served outside of Passaic County because Bello feared retaliation...
...Bello said he was about to enter the Lafayette Grill for a pack of cigarettes when two black men rushed out with guns...
...I'll help keep the light of freedom shining in Nicaragua...
...A popular campaign was begun to release Carter and Artis...
...Byrne did not pardon Carter...
...One after the other lauded the conciliar changes...
...Please help the Nicaraguan people keep what little freedom of expression they still have...
...had sold it to a black man named Roy Holloway...
...Address <I ----------The Gettysburg Canipaign 1 Midi in (?xnncux/ i DA IN B ( 01)111,4 30'), 8284.$1I.95/$8.95 8862...
...Both Pat Valentine and a reporter from the Passaic Herald-News testified they had seen the police officer find the two bullets in the car...
...Although no bishop had spoken up when the Ratzinger declarations were published, several leading theologians in England had pronounced them "negative and infantile...
...Values up to $110.00...
...And as the Almarales case reminds us, the same flexibility that allows them to talk so reasonably at one moment also allows them to act with utmost ruthlessness when they judge that their cause demands it...
...But for Lenin and Stalin, it signified no such thing...
...Hogan says Carter asked him to handle the money because "he couldn't cash the check while he was in jail...
...Meanwhile, progressives panicked...
...Even traditionalists looked up...
...Book shipments will be charged to your account at low Members' Prices, plus postage and packing...
...Holloway, of course, refused to sell...
...Police had to form a cordon to escort Conforti out of the bar and on to the police station...
...Lenin added, "Left doctrinairism persists in . . . failing to see . . . that it is our duty as Communists to master all forms .. . and to adapt our tactics...
...The latter are nothing more than attitudes or predispositions with which various issues are approached...
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...The case had been tried simply on the hard evidence...
...The woman mentioned in the Hawkins report claimed to have been in the second car...
...The Holy Father would Mary Ball Martinez is a long-time observer of Vatican affairs...
...Speculation mounted...
...In October Carter and Artis were indicted on three counts of murder...
...The second time, however, the district attorney was allowed to go into lengthy detail about the murder of Holloway and the subsequent events...
...After several months, the committee submitted a report concluding that Carter and Artis were in fact "at the scene of the crime," but that other people may have been involved in the shooting...
...In addition, the three witnesses who had provided Carter's alibi at the first trial now testified that Carter had asked them to lie for him...
...Carter had lost two guns a year before and had later been told by a woman that a man named Neil Morrison, one of his former sparring part-ners, had stolen them...
...On the night of July 16, Conforti walked into the bar with a shotgun and killed Holloway...
...A grace of God and the most important event of the century," said Irish Cardinal O'Fiaich...
...Conforti was convicted of murder and served a "life term" of fourteen years...
...You need take only four more books in the next two years...
...It would be tragic if this newsprint stayed on the dock...
...Then—again according to his own account—Bello heard from a woman in a bar one night that Carter knew Bello had seen him the night of the shooting...
...La Prensa has been censored for five years by the Sandinistas, was censored for five years by Somoza, and was looted and occupied by the National Guard in 1967...
...Was the German cardinal speaking with his master's voice, as Time suggested...
...Carter and Artis were stopped a second time and taken to the Lafayette Grill...
...It came as something of a surprise, then, when in 1976 the Passaic County prosecutor's office presented a much more powerful case against Carter and Artis than it had at the first trial...
...Senator Orrin Hatch Unfortunately, the total freight cost for shipment is some $35,000–far beyond the limited means of AMERICARES...
...Artis received a life sentence, making him eligible for parole in 1981...
...The Bill of Rights, Amendment VII On June 17, 1966, at two in the morning, someone burst into the Lafayette Grill, in Paterson, New Jersey, and shot four people, killing two men, mortally wounding a woman, and critically wounding another man...
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...Today the newspaper is threatened again in a more subtle way...
...We Americans have little under-standing of ideology...
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...A woman named Pat Valentine, living directly upstairs, heard the shots and ran to the window...
...No guns were ever found...
...In other words, the Establishment...
...Another prosecution would cost Passaic County at least a half million dollars...
...We guarantee postage.other ex-con, who had almost certainly lied at the first trial, had recanted because "his conscience bothered him," but he could not be found by either side during the second trial...
...1487...
...Carter, who had testified on his own behalf at the first trial, did not take the stand...
...And so the case of Hurricane Carter may soon be over...
...The business had prospered under Holloway, and Conforti had decided he wanted it back...
...The prosecutors are appealing to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, and whoever loses there will certainly appeal to the U.S...
...Because the officer hadn't yet heard the full description of the getaway car—and because Carter was well known and highly respected in Paterson—the car was not detained...
...If you want the Editors' Choice, do nothing — the book will come automatically...
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...Adding zest to the buildup was a series of interviews and a book in which the Prefect for the Doctrine of the Faith, Cardinal Ratzinger, offered devastating criticism of post-conciliar abuses, calling the present situation a "crisis...
...Seven years ago Senora Chamorro's husband was gunned down on the way to La Prensds offices...
...sEma MIME MT ixxrmm Bw THE His bii II.,RWE1tKE11ER 3012...
...Carter and Artis were summoned to testify before a grand jury two weeks later...
...He asked Eldridge Hawkins, a black New Jersey Assemblyman and head of the judiciary committee, to investigate the matter...
...Using the blank check issued to federal judges by the U.S...
...Supreme Court for overturning local jury verdicts—in blatant violation of the Seventh Amendment—Judge Sarokin ruled the second conviction "unconstitutional" and ordered Carter released from prison...
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...Frank Conforti, a white man who once owned a failing bar right on the edge of the black neighborhood, Violetta Chamorro of La Prensa...
...Questioned separately at the police station, Carter and Artis gave conflicting accounts of what they had done that evening, and how they had ended up driving through Paterson at two in the morning...
...Bello, reversing himself a third time, once again said it was Carter and Artis he had en-countered outside the bar...
...European and British history...
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...Then he went back into the bar to rob the cash register...
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...Cardinal Law of Boston gave "witness to the blessings of the Council" just as "we bishops give to the Council our unanimous affirmation," and Yugoslavia's Cardinal Kouaric, calling 34 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR FEBRUARY 1986...
...35.00/$15.95 1966...
...Hogan even paid income tax on the money...
...Supreme Court, but now the New Jersey State Supreme Court called another hearing to review the new evidence...
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...All Club purchases are at low Members' Prices, and a postage-and-packing fee is added to all shipments...
...Carter received a double-life sentence, and was not eligible for parole until 1994...
...The implicit assumption of our quest for moderates is that tactical flexibility signifies a willingness to compromise about ultimate objectives...
...The second conviction held up longer than the first...
...The case had already been reviewed all the way to the U.S...
...I can cancel my membership anytime thereafter...
...From an alleyway he watched them get into a "highly polished" white car and drive away...
...Another witness down the street saw the same thing and called police...
...At the trial in May 1967, both Pat Valentine and Bello reported their identification of Carter's distinctive car...
...Thinking the cars were headed for New York, the patrolman took a shortcut to the entrance to Route 4, but the cars never arrived...
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...When Pat Valentine saw the car she not only identified it, but became hysterical and tried to run away...
...Because of their generosity AMERICARES now has 250 tons of newsprint awaiting shipment to La Prensa...
...Carter and Artis were released and a new trial was scheduled...
...Or, I will buy four more selections within the next two years, not including my choices above...
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...This courageous woman is the last independent voice of a free Nicaragua...
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...To someone living in Paterson, the Lafayette Grill would have seemed a likely target for retaliation...
...Bello had once seen Carter box in reform school, and—according to his later account—had recognized him as one of the men getting into the car...
...As a moderate, Stalin stood on firm Leninist ground...
...The defense argued that the police had planted the shotgun shells in Carter's car...
...She saw two black men climb into a distinctive late-model white car with "butterfly" taillights and New York license plates...
...The inventor of Communism had written in his classic pamphlet, "Left Wing" Communism An Infantile Disorder, that those Communist purists who would "not permit tacking, conciliatory maneuvers, or compromising," were guilty of a "mistake that . . . is causing great prejudice to Communism...
...Nearly twenty years after the shooting in the Lafayette Grill, Rubin Carter may soon stand exonerated for the "crime he didn't commit...
...Ed-die Rawls owned a dark car...
...They must be measured instead by how long they stand up in an appeals process that never, never ends...
...27.50/$19.50 (Counts as two of your three selections...
...Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, suspended a divinis for refusing to accept several Council documents, quipped, "The Cardinal says far harsher things than I ever said...
...The witness had consulted a xwrnnuwn...
...Holloway had a stepson named Ed-die Rawls, who was bartender at another Paterson establishment...
...An angry crowd immediately assembled and Conforti locked himself in the bathroom...
...Dictators on the...
...If the goal itself is threatening, those who are more flexible in their choice of tactics may well be the more dangerous foes...
...Witnesses die, memories fade, and victims and witnesses often become reluctant to relive a traumatic experience...
...You can save even more by taking advantage of our Introductory Offer...
...But last September it ran into Federal District Judge H. Lee Sarokin, who sits in Newark...
...modern conflicts . . . no other book club we know of offers you a wider selection or greater savings—an average of 33% off publishers' list prices...
...A pilot shipment of 44 tons arrived safely on August 9th...
...For just as La Prensa opposed Anastasio Somoza, so it now speaks out against the Soviet-backed Sandinistas...
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...We use the term loosely, often speaking of liberalism and conservatism as "ideologies...
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...THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR FEBRUARY 1986 reward offered after the shooting...
...25 ^ $50 ^ $75 ^ $ other Name city State Zip Please send your donation to: SAVE LA PRENSA Americares Foundation 51 Locust Avenue New Canaan, Conn...
...Hours before the Lafayette Grill shooting, another murder had taken place...
...Catholic Eye predicted: "John Paul's reassertion of papal authority is going to turn the synod into a battle-field...
...One small section of that bar was called "The Champ's Corner...
...Even as they jostled for seats along with some 300 resident vaticanisti in the overcrowded press hall, Vatican watch-ers could have told by a glance at the participants that this was not a meeting called to abrogate anything...
...Conservative Catholics took heart...
...Her husband was murdered under the Somoza regime...
...left and the right do not take kindly to criticism...
...Stalin did not believe in restricting socialism to one country forever, but only until circumstances were auspicious for its expansion...
...Carter will be eligible for parole from his two "life sentences" in a few years...
...That is why when confronted with ideological groups, the key question we need to ask is what is their goal, not who among them are the moderates...
...the Americans...
...at a normal rate of speed...
...They saw the whole irreverent show about to close—the far-out liturgies, gay seminaries, guerrilla priests, feminist nuns...
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...There had always been reports that a second, dark car had sped away from the scene behind Carter's white Dodge...
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...At first he thought they were police detectives...
...For they were ideologues, as wasas was Almarales, as are the Ortegas, and as is, in a somewhat different way, Arafat...
...see to it...
...Long after it was too late to conduct any searches, Passaic police realizedthat the street on which the patrolman first saw the cars speeding past, and the perpendicular street where Carter's Dodge was stopped a short while later, intersected at Eddie Rawls's house...
Vol. 19 • February 1986 • No. 2
