South Korean Crossroads

...greater econormc growth "How is ~t," Klm Dae Jung is not a powerful when the per capRa income was a $2,000 a year...

...mteUectual development and to know them fairly well when I at Columbia Umverslty at less than known risk Since that time, in consediverse careers exinblt an independence became a contributor to the New half of his current salary quence of Ins contnbutlons wluch have and originality that reflect not only Leader and later to Commentary, where Irving Krlstol's transmutation into made him an esteemed national figure Sidney Hook ts Emeritus Professor of exploits somewhat hghtened the Phdosophy, New York Umverslty, and somber mood of successive defeats In Semor Research Fellow at the Hoover the edRorial sanctum I have some Institution In praise o f Daniel Bell, Irving Kristol, and Melvin Lasky...

...polmcal ideas that was aussmg from ment of the South ~s at least better than man, and he is fighting with words and that of the North But for gam Dae ~deas an entrenched system that on ocTHREE INTELLECTUAL TROUBADOURS Although formally they were never their personalities but powers of of them are now stars of the first Endowed Luce Professorslup Some of students of mine, and probably never growth which were stimulated during magnitude in the academy I rode herd my colleagues had not heard of Irving ttunk of themselves as such except in the stormy years of their adolescence on Dan Bell until he abandoned the Kristol, and others weren't very much a P~ckw~cklan sense, I know that some in the thirties This was a period in richly rewarded field of labor jourof the friends and unfriendly criacs of winch the powers of growth of some of nalism In which he has had no peers Darnel Bell, Irving Knstol, and Melwn then" equally prormsmg fellow-students In scholarly breadth and historical mLasky sometimes refer to them as my were arrested by fixation on current sight for the dncertmn life, at the time, students Even though each one has dogmas of social salvation of the academy He resigned a post as sharp differences wRh me I would have Actually my relation to them was labor-echtor of Fortune for a modest irrelevant reasons, my nomination of been proud to be their teacher For more avuncular than pedagogic I got posltaon in the department of sooology Irving Krlstol was accepted as the lesser then...

...m any renewed the expressway running alongside the conflict the mrport would be one of the banks of the Hart River the city seems sharp, jagged peaks that distinguish first targets hit less threatening The hills around The ride from the airport to the wtuch the modern city has grown fmntguides describe it as the "Land of capital follows roughly the course of ly resemble those of Seattle or San Morning Calm," but at dusk, which the First Manne Division which landed Francisco, and the Han, though the behind the lines at Inchon In guide books forever liken it to the September 1950 and qmckly moved inI t was Korean /Mr Lines flight had the misfortune to draw duty on number 001, not its doomed sister fhght 007 stup, that took me to Seoul I boarded Had that plane been able to finish at Narlta airport, forty-two mdes northeast of Tokyo, and the 721-mile landed at IOmpo International Airhop across the Sea of Japan was routine, save for a cone's-eye vaew of west of Seoul On all sides are the Mt Fujiyama shortly after the 747 lifted off the runway But as I flunk the Korean landscape The travel back now to those two hours In the mr, an image of the a~rhner's crew haunts me They were all remarkably young was when I arrived, It looked like a I think of them occasionally, wonder- mecheval dungeon, with the shaded ing which crew of such boys and girls land to recapture what remained of Memorial, actually looks more hke the Seoul Today sentries still stand at Susquehanna flowing through peaks appearing as gargoyles Nevertheless, the reality of Korea as a modern nation living at the edge of checkpoints along the route--their ex- Harrisburg war also emerges at Kimpo Somber pressions as rigid as the M-16 rifles at Matthew Stevenson writes f o r a number o f national magazines In less than thirty years, Seoul's 15 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR JANUARY 1985 albatross of ugly Americanism...

...The strip, the deceptively tranquil facade of the for example, during the closing days of Blue House, South Korea's presiden- which looks as If ~t were shaved by a World War II the Russian army seized tial home, where m 1979 a cabinet razor, is protected by a barbed-wire chain link fence and illuminated by spothghts every ten yards Behind it an States, led by a succession of was recapturing ground lost to the Presidents, has always wanted it to be those forces that have competed for Hwan from a Roman fortification Korea since the Russian and Japanese Behind the Blue House Is a large The "peace village" of Panmunjom fleets joined at the Strait of Tsusluma, forest, protected by chain hnk fences IS two kilometers from Camp IOtty which is just o f f the Korean and barbed wire, where South Korean Hawk, across desolate terrain For all The original purpose of my trip to Korea was to write an article on the country's preparation for the 1988 summer Olympics and how South Korea remains a model for economic development in the Tlurd World...

...But eventual- work During my trip I heard a Operation Paul Bunyan and reduced ly he got a visa and flew to Pyongyang, number of solutions, although none the tree in question to a gnarled stump the North Korean capital, wa Moscow seemed feasible Some talked of a In Korea symbohsm is the continua- He was naturally nervous that because federal system, indeed, the National tion of war by other means The tour ends at Observauon Post 5, a small bunker with a commanding view for nules ~nto North Korea In the distance a flag hangs over what the troops refer to as Propaganda Village, which, like Panmunok, was built to show o f f the prosperity of the North One of the world's largest flags files over Propaganda Village, and it rmght mdeed be a pleasant place--If anyone lived there But this workers' paradise is a ghost town, save for the keeper of the flag Before returmng to Seoul, the bus makes a little swmg past the small, one-lane Bridge of No Return In 1953, on this stone bridge, the only manmade link between North and South Korea, prisoners-of-war were allowed to choose where they wanted to hve-with no going back once the decision was made Grass ts now growing up between the cracks m the pavement of this forlorn monument He was dressed hke an mvestment banker in a summer smt from Brooks Brothers, a Pierre Cardln shirt, and Guccl loafers He said that he spent half his time m Seoul and the rest in New York Oty, where he had a rentcontrolled apartment In addlUon to his books and magazme articles pubhshed m the Umted States, he writes a column for one of the Enghshlanguage daihes m Seoul He stud that he had once worked as an editor of I found Peter Hyun m, of all places, other specml writers, guests he When is handed he asks collected to meet under its economic system an office on the second floor of the speeches of IOm Il Sung He asks Hotel ShiUa, which ts m the deluxe repeatedly ff he can eat with typical category Not a very hkely place to North Koreans, and when his hosts f'md a serious writer, perhaps, but there he was, sitting behind a desk that should have been filled by someone bookmg banquets or conventions THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR JANUARY 1985 Kim Dae Jung is one of the few political men I have heard speak recently who has had kind words for both President Carter and President Reagan...

...They knew that they could count guy from Studio City, at a party whde on Steve White to get their httle g~rl she was ndmg the crest of her new home safe and sound status...

...we only ask that the Umted the approprmte representation, ~t thy hen.s to that same heritage...

...behmd me that helped me to stand up The mistake could have possibly been to Jeff, and that was what made turn catastrophic, since Cal Berkeley badly act right to me...

...gray transports of the American and South Korean mr forces are lined up on the tarmac KImpo Is less than three ItS appointed rounds, it would have minutes' flying time from North par with that of Lagos or MexJco City, Korea, where, officially speaking, the but if you approach downtown from port, which sits in a valley north and war has never ended...

...enamored with what little they had heard But after presentmg a series of names of distinguished academic figures who, I was confident, my fellow committeemen dlshked for relevant and then...

...To be fmr, he struggles wRh Enghsh, but, still, he read Ins speech m a monotone voice wath httle mspn'ataon Shuffling papers absentmmdedly, he had gotten twotlurds of the way through Ins talk when he abruptly read the conclnslon When he reahzed Ins austake, he went back to the errant fork m the text and started m agmn Not exactly the stuff of oratorical legends Nevertheless, during the two days he tal sense a democratic Korea ts desirable for the Umted States as well, because ~t is the surest way was at Columbm, I heard Kim Dae he asks agmn, "that we had all those man He stands on flat feet and walks to reduce tensmn m the Korean pemnJung whenever I could and asked Inm freedonfs dunng the Korean confhct slowly, wRh a shght hmp and a cane sula and consequently the mdRary questions during some of the breaks burden of the Umted States m the Far for support In the Umted States he Like Koreans I had met m Seoul, he meager sum of $60 but none today often delwers Ins message m churches, East " seemed to come alive m personal con- when Koreans earn an average of because m South Korea churches re- Llstemng to him for the last time, I versatmn and spoke wRh an mtensRy no longer concentrated on Ins dehvery, mare one of the few outlets for the opabout Ins prison experience and Ins the speeches...

...Thus milder r all of the freedoms " are vulnerable prey to the harsher *That a auhtary government means Commumst d~ctatorshlp " *That, by comparison, the govern- position But he remmns a pohucal but wondered when and ff he aught return home and what would be Ins fate [] Sidney Hook...

...ex- the luxury of Isolation...

...Sometnnes, when Steve when a deal fell apart at the firm He locked m as a chent that he d~d not Wlute talked to 13-act after school, she even have tune to see Tract for almost told him about her fights wath Jeff He was always there for her when Jeff stood her up She was always there for Unhke a TV mowe also, the last act pleaded Tract's case to an overworked Prmopal Jacobsen After much to and fro, after &scusmon of how a young hfe could be wrecked by one inadvertent error, Mr Jacobsen signed the papers for the make-up SATs As he did, he said, "You're a hell of an advocate, Mr Wlute...

...From the moment Hyun Sadly, the best hope for the future Isn't lands m North Korea the Itinerary is by George OrweU and the dialogue by in the Southmthe North Is probably president had they been permitted Eugene Ionesco Instead of staying in the capital and mmghng with the peo- would allow the country to develop a ple, whose language he speaks, he ts sequestered miles away at a villa for tunity for advancement now afforded both President Carter and President Reagan He credits both for helping to save his hfe and is grateful to be hying him prison was a political education It gave him time to think and read At Columbm, he recounted how he passed 17 gave hun pens, but only a lamted amount of paper...

...For the first ume, I was wanted to see Jumor SAT scores Traci able to keep a boyfriend, just knowing had to have her parents speak to the I had Steve there" prmctpal of Birmingham High to ask She also presumably knew, for the for permission to take a specml makefirst time, just how powerfully she up test, specmlly scheduled for her been neglectmg their daughter They got home from school She had were not there at the airport when brought back "I Love Central Park" Fhght One of American Airhnes ar- T-shirts for the best pals, Camdla and rived on a Saturday afternoon They Diane, and a framed laser photograph were atten&ng a get-acqumnted session of New York for the Bn'mmgham High at an "Adults Only" Health Faclhty m School hbrary For a week, she was a their neighborhood, right on P.avers~de celebrity Then she met Jeff, that ftew Drive...

...The road is choked with traffic Seoul's reputation for urban sprawl and carbon monoxide IS on a Potomac as ~t passes the Jefferson Prosperity and uncertainty below the DMZ...

...He was actually respectful to could hold onto men and have power The problem was that IPact's Morn over them So there were no tearful self- and Dad had already planned a trip to her She could just see that she was get- recriminations for Tract, only a steady Yosemite, and they really did not want diet of cheery phone calls from Steve, to miss it just to talk to Tract's prinsame kand of looks, as the cheerleaders and an occasional trinket cipal about some test The person who or the daughters of owners of major Little by httle, the sexual part of the did take off from work, who did shopping centers She was, for all in- relaUonshlp faded away He stdl gave reschedule a trip to New Orleans to talk tents and purposes, a new, far more her presents He still hstened to every to the prmctpal, was Steve White self-confident Trao, and it showed Jeff word she had to say He had a hold on However convoluted the route that had and Tract talked for a long time about her that mere sex could not possibly brought him there, he was the one who New York (Jeff had grown up on Long duphcate...

...but they overstate are merely a means of accommodating the cas@lf they become the encompass- institutions slowly, the South came to camp is a parody of a peaceful traffic so helter-skelter that ownership ing view of the country of a car also usually lmphes possesslng the affluence and wisdom to lure a driver...

...covet the pemnsula for their spheres of returned Korea to its earher sym- influence And while Japan may now There are 40,000 tnp-wlre American troops stationed in Korea, and for few Koreans can forget the brutahty of those assigned to forward positions, duty on the frontier often means bevisit last year to Seoul and the demilitarized zone was, in effect, a the Japanese occupation Instead of photograpluc rendition of "Ich bin em growing up in a pohucal incubator that ing posted to Camp IOtty Hawk, one Korean " Some aspects of all these nnght have allowed the ancient owhza- of the many bases on the southern edge uon of Korea to develop its pohtlcal of the DMZ As the name implies, the hfe as a stepcluld of geopolmcs To American town, carved Into the dusty repeat Abraham Lincoln's metaphor, Korean lulls Near where the bus parks If anything, Korea is a prisoner of population has grown to 8 million North of the Han, inside the ring of hills that define the city's natural borders, is an expansive chsh f'flled with a mix of glass-and-steel office braidings and houses with red clay roof bolism, that of an Asian Berlin...

...understanding of the country must belund the officers' club a few GIs can begin with a journey to the frontier For most of the last century, the peum- be seen splaslung in a swimming pool sula, wluch forms a strategic crossroad Despite this illusion of calm at m East Asia, has been &vlded and con- Camp IOtty Hawk, where it Is even quered by one of its neighbors China, possible to get a cheeseburger for D i f f i c u l t as it may be to beheve, the Japan, and the Soviet Umon have Cold War is sometlung of a tourist at- lunch, the crossing into the dermlitataken turns marclung their armies traction, at least for foreigners, and nzed zone conveys as much about across the mountainous terrmn that is South Korea as the roadblocks do each morning a bus takes a handful of nearly a landbndge between the travelers from one of the downtown about Beirut or Northern Ireland The Chinese mainland and the Japanese Seoul hotels to the denuhtarIzed zone DMZ IS 151 miles across and a couple islands Control the pemnsula, and that separates north from south of miles wide, and a combination of The ride north forms a collage of re- the U S. Second Infantry DlWSlOn and an Oriental Gibraltar Hence Korea's cent Korean lustory...

...legislators But that would reqmre a constitutional convention on a par that began with the armistice m 1953 reumficaUon, but evolutionary change beyond the pale of reform--that Klm Dae Jung is one of the few political men I have heard speak pohtical tradiUon to match the oppor- recently who has had kind words for I n the minds of many South Koreans, in the United States, teaching and writing at Harvard Umversity economic progress and democracy are Although perhaps less dynamic, Kim Dae Jung invites comparison with kind of disorder that would not only Bemgno Aqumo, with whom he was friends until the exaled Phdlppme leader decided to return home and was pomt where the North might once assassinated IOm Dae Jung was a senator before ther, the question of succession in he ran for the presidency and subsequently went to jail, but even so, for relent, he ts taken to an empty incompatible Democracy implies a restaurant When he rides the new subway in Pyongyang, it is m the empty reduce the gross naUonal product, but car reserved on every trmn on the o f f would also weaken the country to a chance that IOm I1 Sung will decide to pop down into the system No matter again be tempted to rush south Furwhere he turns, Peter Hyun ~s struck by the absurd presence of Kim Il Sung Korean poht~cs remains a constant m all aspects of North Korean hfe, an fear After President Park was entire country has given itself over to assassinated, student demonstrators government by iconography From Hyun's descnpUons, it ts clear had their run through the streets and the contmumg order was threatened the time reading the histories of Toynbee, Reinhold Niebuhr's Moral why peace talks and those on reumfica- with collapse Democracy to many m tton between the North and South have the South seems almost to imply always failed There was a hope that as a result of the Reagan summit in stant changes in the leadership and the Bel}mg the talks on reumficaUon nught Man, some books by John Kenneth numerous assassmattons--wlth con- Galbraith, and other writers one might assocmte with a freshman seminar In economy always threatened Easter to political theory He also wrote Guards be restarted But little progress on that let the military run the show instead, with American aid A further obstacle to a functioning party system In Korea is the absence of any democratic tradition at all For all its history Korea has been governed by one kind of strongman or another The last king was poisoned in the Imperial palace in the 1920s Though in recent times outsiders have challenged for the presidency, the mihtary remains one of the few groups that has any expenence in government, producing a vicious circle famlhar to anyone who has looked for his first job Even observers hke Peter Hyun are reluctant to support opposition leaders without experience The opposition is often charged with failing to come up with specific alternative programs, and its answer, as Hyun summarized it, is "How do you expect us to come up with specific proposals when it is the government that has all the money to hire any expertise it choosesg" No work without experience, but how do you get some unless you have a job9 bia University to hear Kim Dae Jung give a speech He first ran for the presidency in 1970 agmnst Park Chun Hee and received 40 percent of the popular vote Later he was kidnapped off the street m Tokyo, smuggled back to Seoul, and kept m jail or under house arrest from 1974 until 1981 In 1980, he was one of the s(>-called "three Kuns" who would have run for A partial answer may be prison Jails have had a combustible effect on pohtics in the twentieth century-Gandhi comes lmmedmtely to mind m and at some point in the future they may have an ~mpact on Korea The he had been born m the North the Assembly in Seoul e~en has an empty ~dea did not occur to me until I was government of IOm II Sung nught not chamber awamng North Korean home from Korea and went to Columlet him leave once the trip was over Peter Hyun returned to New York after a month m North Korea--one of with Phdadelphia's m 1787, which ts the few Western travelers to make such difficult to imagine smce both sides a trip--and the result was Darkness at barely speak Others dream of ending Dawn, which ts less a travel account the division by force, but that would than a medttaUon, of the Koestler take everyone back to the stalemate variety, on the bureaucracy that runs the North...

...I want you to have friends someone to be swept under the rug He was so busy tr3nng to get...

...Foreign en- and canvas troop carriers, with the ocamples of what went wrong when the tanglements are all the-Koreans have casional platoon of American soldiers, U.S military got too close to a chent their faces red m the summer sun, jog- known...

...Off your own age...

...Are you Tract's Dadg" "No," he said, "I'm not " "Uncleg" asked Mr Jacobsen "No," said Steve White as Tract smded at him "Any relation at all 9'' asked the principal "Yes, indeed," stud Steve Wlute, "I'm two weeks H~s wife was m Santa Bar- always told her she was a wonderful gld him when a chent behttled hnn bara for a week at a conference about and Jeff was lucky to know her "It was exactly his telhng me that," racism and sexism (It was at the San- of the drama, as far as I know, had 1Pact stud, "that allowed me to put up ta Barbara Bdtmore, and the part~cl- nothing to do with Steve driving over with that nut and make h~m treat me pants could also, ff they chose, get a a chff or Tract's hfe being wrecked and twice a day massage and lectures on hke I had something worthwhile going patched by a Judd Hlrsch clone The on reside me, which was something I nutrmon to prevent aging ) last act that I know of was only a few had never really felt before I thmk it weeks ago, when Tract mistakenly "l~act's godfather" [] He talked to Tract everyday when she Matthew Stevenson SOUTH KOREAN CROSSROADS their sides...

...In the U S., Kun Dae "breathes hfe into the Chun Doo backward regunes on Earth is not gobd Jung finds the contrathction of a rich Hwan dlctatorsinp "But he makes the enough Nor should it justify democratic tradlUon--along the dlstmctmn between American pohcy American support He beheves that hnes of the hterature he read m and actmn" " I am not asking the when a government has pretensions pnsonbbut also a pohcy that ts conUmted States to restore democracy m toward democracy and fads to dehver tent to support m Korea men not worour stead...

...that's often overlooked m the West...

...But after I arrived I began to realize that one of the biggest lundrances to understanding Korea is that it is too easily you have something that amounts to reduced to the status of a metaphor Instead of seeing the country for what it ls--a prosperous nation that has serious political prot)lems and faces a hostde enemy to the north--the Umted territory down to the 38th parallel, it mlmster assassinated President Park What followed were months of unrest, Japanese in the 1904105 war In effect, street demonstrations, and a military antitank wall, made from bleached something more, usually for reasons of the tensions today are an extension of restoration led by President Chun Doo concrete, looks like something dug up domestic political consumpuon Hence the disappointments with Korea over the years During the Cold War, for example, Korea, a divlded nation that had suf- southeastern coast forces can be seen at various intervals ItS newspaper fame, Paumunjom is no Because violence has been such a fered from years of Japanese occupa- more than a collection of Quonset huts entenng for routine patrol It all seems tion, was required to be the spot frequent visitor to the Korean land- a bit extreme until the bus passes a and several facades Not surprisingly, where--by necessity--the West had to scape, the American impression of the statue to mark the spot where tlurty- about half of the village is the press center South today is that of a nation at war with Itself Headhnes m the newsdraw the line against Communism Later, during the 1960s, its assigned The border is a series of meter-high wlute stakes, like part of an unfinished fence The line runs through the middle of an eggshell-blue Quonset hut, news--if they show the country at all--usually depict students on a ramone North Korean commandos were captured a decade ago before they had role was as a model of development papers or film chps on the evemng managed to complete a suicide rmssion to kill the president Perhaps a similar marker will be erected in Rangoon to and showcase of democracy--with all the expectations and disappointments its mlhtary government were an may be, what is not shown is the which that lmphes When Jimmy page or poets on their way to prison commemorate the spot where a North wluch is where all the negotiations take Carter was President, South Korea and However true the specific incidents Korean bomb assassinated nearly half place Except for a few Umted Nations the cabinet of the South observation towers, the rest of the Further north, as the city gives way village consists of two large facades-to a landscape of rice paddies, the bus elements of the burlesque that occasionally Intrudes on deadly matters Each side has erected buildings on with explosives, which can be dropped ItS half of the border to lure converts from the other country These buildings are wonderfully represenSouth Korean civilians are permit- tative Panmunok, the North Korean showcase, is an accurate advertisement for Commumsm Though only three hlstOlacal context of a country that has existed for barely a generation and that faces--less than three minutes by air to passes an innocent-looking checkpoint the north--an enemy waiting for its But overhead is a concrete slab loaded chance to finish off the war that started m 1950 Under such pressure, at a moment's notice to deter tanks South Korea has done well to create an from reaching the city economy that has flourished, and despite a nasty reputation, few people ted to go no farther north than the are as open to visitors as the Koreans southern bank of the Hant'an River-True, ItS government is repressive, but the country's Rubicon as it were the reference point should not be Jef- Fences line both riverbanks, and the fersoman democracy, but the sad reah- buoys that appear to be marking the channel are actually mines strung out to deter enemy frogmen ty of American pohtics dunng our own Civil War When he left office, George feet deep, It is three stones high and apparently modeled along the late Stalmist hnes of a Bulgarian ministry On the other side of the border, however, is Freedom House, the South Across the river, the terraced rice Korean exlubit It is part pagoda and rest stops Washington advised his young nation paddles give way to scrub pines of the part Disney World, and surrounded by to avoid foreign entanglements In its sort found in the American South-- the only garden and chpped grass to be first one hundred years the U S more and to military Installations as well seen for miles It would appear to apor less succeeded But m its brief ex- The traffic on the two-lane road is all peal to anyone snutten w~th thruway istence, South Korea has never known one color, the drab olive green of jeeps THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR JANUARY 1985 16 Still, the architectural hlstnomcs of chddren's books for Doubleday, the the DMZ are m keeping with its more pubhshmg company matter is m ewdence Likewise, on his sinister aspects Rarely does one side I wanted to meet him to learn more visit to Seoul Pope John Paul II urged ever give an inch hence the absence of about North Korea and to get a a reconcillaUon in the divided country, a formal peace treaty after thirty years reahsuc appraisal of the chances for but agam the words were not followed of truce Back in Seoul, I was told that reunification Hyun was born in what with action when North and South Korean patrols is now the North and heed there until The tragedy is that reunification restumble on each other in the DMZ, a the autumn of 1945, when his famdy mains the one dream that both Koreas firefight often ensues The last official fled the Russian army that was then share Many famihes that have lived incident, however, took place in 1976, moving down the peninsula The apart for thirty years long to be back when North Korean soldiers wielding Hyuns settled in Seoul Several years together Peter Hyun, as an example, axes attacked a tree-trimming party led later, Peter Hyun left Korea to study traveled to North Korea in part to see by two American officers Captmn Ar- in the United States, where he even- if he could find his father's grave, thur Bonifas and First Lieutenant tually became a citizen and entered his which he did and which is described in Mark Barrett were killed in the m~l~e, careers in pubhshlng and journalism the book's most moving chapter which lasted four minutes Some now During the 1970s, while hvmg m Reumficatlon is an emotional issue, think it was the respiration of Klm Il New York, he decided to make a trip rather than a political one, but it is the Jong, son of Klm Il Sung, the North's to North Korea The State Department obvious political gulf that prevents president, as a way to prove his hatred refused to guarantee his safety, the anything from happening Neither side of Americans Nevertheless, several North Koreans delayed the journey has a clue as to how unification might days later the United States launched with the usual red tape...

...States not support mihtary d~ctatorsinp budds resentment among the people He closed one speech wRh these but lend moral support to our He sees tins potential disenchantment words: "The restorataon of democracy democratic cause " as being as dangerous to the South as is desn.able because it holds a key to One by one he answers the justifica- the North Korean auhtary And he many other problems facing South tions for the mdRary government" argues that "dIctatorml governments Korea today For example, only a gen*That R prowdes security He argues which justify then" existence by their uine democracy can promote stainhty that even during the bleakest days of stand ageanst Commumsm have tradl- and security by the reah:,atlon of socml the struggle w~th the North, the South t~onally been corrupt Wealth under and economic justice Only-a enjoyed all the freedoms he assocmtes such mdder dlctatorsinps tends to be democratic Korea can, wRh confidence with American democracy" freedom of concentrated m the hands of a few...

...He showed her that he cared Steve White d~d not r them He brought Tract home safe and tmg the same kind of attention, the sound On the way, he stopped at Bullock's and bought Tracfs Morn a half ounce of Nma Rtcct perfume He thought that would be enough, and they wouldn't care where they got ~t, as long as they got It for free (He was right 1"fact's Morn even sent a note, thanking lum, but certmnly not even Island, wherever that was) She even about her, and no adult before ever mentioning any payment ) started to see Jeff on occasion She told had She had a hold on him that mere Steve about ~t and he stud ~t was fine sex could never beat She made hun feel There was no sudden access of guilt for Steve White...

...its own tragic lustory--sometlung its house is still chwded Hence any for lunch are some tenms courts...

...He went back into a with him "I can't pretend I own you," as ff h'e were big and important, not maelstrom of actw~ty at his law firm...

...So he developed a microscopic style that enabled lum to put 18,000 Korean characters on a page--a record, he now muses Through the experience, dunng winch his only joy at times was a small prison garden, IOm Dae Jung seems to have grown into a mature pohucal leader, capable of thought and action Iromcally, when I first heard him speak, I began to wonder how the hopes of many in the opposRmn were pruned on such a speaker...

...The bus passes South Korean forces guards a swath lustory is one of occupations When, cut along the southern line...

...dramatic and sometames prank~sh even among those whose skins Itch when they read his cool judgments, he has been reappointed and become an adornment to the university This recommendation of mine responslbihty for the fact that two academic hfe was more precipitate I was on the comnuttee appointed by the then president of New York Umverslty, James Hester, to find someone to fill the chair of the recently established THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR JANUARY 1985 18 He begins h~s argument by saying Jung, sauply to have leadersinp caslon has silenced the opposmon with that it is the Umted States that margmally better than one of the more arrest and pnson...

...peaceful umficauon In a fundamenand popular support and legRauacy, the press, dn.ect elecuon of the presi- Under such condmons, we cannot ex- approach and negotmte wRh North dent, local autonomy, and an rode- pect to see a real free-market system, Korea toward peaceful coerastence, pendent judlcmry "Today, m peace but only a government-controlled peaceful exchange, and, finally, time," he says, "our people have lost economy...

...his be an ally and protector of the South, tiles The wide boulevards convey imperial grandeur only when they converge near the old National Assembly, elsewhere the eight lanes or so--a challenge to the bravest pedestrian-- metaphors are true...

...he stud...

...Both China and Russia still state Lately President Reagan has glng past in the other dlrecuon...