Eminentoes / Admiral Antinuke

...They made bold predictions concerning the percentage of electrons in the surface atomic layer to be found in surface states: Cu(36%), Ni(23%), Ag(23%), Rh(23%) and Pd(19...

...Electrons in surface states are not only abundant, but also highly localized on the surface...

...This is not to say that there is not a great number of places to slake one's thirst near the Battery...

...One way to probe electrons in surfaces is to chemi~rb atoms on a clean metal surface and look for changes in photoemission spectra...

...it was you and me (the patriotic visionary and the solons) against them (the entrenched, hidebound bureaucrats...

...It does not seem likely, however, that Rickover always saw the Naval Reactors Branch as a life's work...

...Self-consistent solution of the equation for a metal surface is made exceedingly difficult by the three-dimensional nature of the electron density distribution...

...Since the so-called "Peace Bishops" (and their Protestant coadjutors) are at work all over the country, the time will soon arrive when all the states will be under a similar obligation...

...After the war, Rickover was assigned as a Navy representative to the Manhattan Project at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and there his vision of a nuclear-powered submarine took hold...

...There always seem to be some construction workers around it, too, but the legendary Delmonico's is no more, and neither is the great American saloon on Wall Street...

...Drs...

...Localization of the interaction holds for the chemisorption of other gases, including oxygen in the initial stage of metal oxidation...

...Then, assuming the President makes the right appointments and the law is brought back in conformity with the Constitution, our potential martyrs will have a chance to demonstrate the real depths of their convictions...

...The typical Wall Street saloon is 15 feet wide, about 110 feet deep, and has a "dance floor" the size of a linen closet...

...But he continued to do it his way, without interference...

...He suggested that they find life.saving rather than life-destroying jobs, and, thanks to the Court, Texas will be under a constitutional obligation to tide them over until they succeed (or, at least...

...And one particularly unpopular Jew in Rickover's class had a yearbook page all to himself when he graduated--a page that was unnumbered and perforated at the binding...

...As for the previously anointed successor, Robert Moore, well, after Rickover secured his own promotion and his continuation at Naval Reactors, he apparently began to think of himself as indispensable...

...Undeniably true...

...The staffs somehow always feel compelled to speak with Irish brogues of varying degrees of authenticity...

...In other words, one almost needs to know the answer in order to make the calculation...

...Chemisorption on a metal is also confined to the surface region...

...T E THEORETICAL adance at the heart of the discovery is the "Self-Consistent Local Orbital (SCLO) Method" for solving the Schr6dinger equation, This new mathematical method was devised by the GM theorists to handle the classic dilemma posed by the self-consistency requirement...

...Jefferson's rotunda, he spoke instead about whales, the evils of progress, the belching of "great quantities of junk into the atmosphere," the exhaustion of resources...

...The work of three physicists at the General Motors Research Laboratories suggests otherwise...

...When brought before a court, they too will say, "my bishop told me that it is forbidden to pay for life-destroying weapons, and that to be forced to pay for them would deprive me of the free exercise of my religion...

...And the response will be, "my bishop told me so," and that will be that...

...the young Rickover may have falsified some information in order to avoid the possibility of being considered too old to enter the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1918...

...Only once more would Rickover be placed in command by the U.S...

...in physical chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology...

...Once a congressman mentioned to him that there had been complaints about mandatory overtime at one of "his" shipyards, and it was suspected that the overtime had been responsible for an upsurge in heart attacks among the workers...

...Here, at least, it was correct, but legions of dissenters, each asserting an "honest" religious opinion--it must be a religious opinion--will be able to march through the door opened by the Thomas decision...

...Eschewing the billing that had packed Mr...

...there are just none near Wall Street...

...Through calculations confirmed by experimental d a t a , t h e theorists have shown that more than a quarter of the valence electrons in the top atomic layer of some metals are e f f e c t i v e l y trapped in the surface...

...Frank Arlinghaus received his Ph.D...

...This was the first time a surface state band on a solid had been calculated prior to its being seen experimentally~ The SCLO method makes possible something that could not be done before-accurate prediction of the actual behavior of electrons whirling around nuclei at the surface of a metal...

...He joined General Motors in 1972...

...Figure 2." Two electron density contour maps of the cross.section of a Cu(lO0) surface...

...But if your primary interest is the man himself, you almost have to work backwards, painfully piecing together a jigsaw puzzle of a man, the pieces of which consist of what he accomplished, and how...

...And: "Most of the work in the world today is done by those who work too hard...

...Life at Naval Reactors began promptly at eight each morning, and could end at any time up until two the next morning, with Rickover and the people closest to him putting in the longest and most grueling days...

...First, there are the girls--the cleri24 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR SEPTEMBER 1982...

...Ask for the Carstairs and you get a blank look...

...The former date appears more likely to be the correct one...

...THE SALOONS OF WALL STREET Delmonico's is closed...

...He refused to answer a question on defense spending and, when asked for his views on a solution to the arms race, of the Admiral: that there i s n ' t a Russian skipper anywhere on or under the earth's oceans who sleeps soundly in his berth at night, for fear of Hyman Rickover's sleek, silent, and deadly creations, and for that every American owes him an endur...

...ADMIRAL ANTINUKE F o r years much evidence has existed that tended to show that Admiral Hyman George Rickover, the father of the atomic submarine, is a miserable little man...

...John Smith, Jack Gay and Frank Arlinghaus applied their theoretical analysis to the (100) surface of five metals: copper, nickel, silver, rhodium and palladium...

...Navy: In July 1945 he took over the ship repair facility at Okinawa, a post that would have been extremely important had an amphibious invasion of Japan been necessary...

...General Motors The future of transportation is here s i b l e . . . " Moore requested and receiveda transfer...

...According to Richard Laning, the first commander of the Seawolf, the ship Carter was training to serve on, he "never finished the first part of the course...

...The two contour maps coincide except in the surface layer, where the interaction is largely exhibited...

...I cannot tell...

...Not that the authors didn't try...

...Thomas's opinion was idiosyncratic even within his church, yet he was permitted to rely on it when he claimed compensation...

...As the Court put it, " t h e guarantee of free exercise is not limited to beliefs which are shared by all of the members of a religious sect...

...During his final testimony before Congress, the Admiral declared that radioactivity is so dangerous that all military and civilian nuclear reactors should be barred...

...Of work, he has said: "Man's work begins with his job or profession...

...These observations led the physicists to conclude that surface states are important in chemisorption...

...He was Admiral of The Hill...

...Joseph A. Rehyansky ts an enlisted veteran of service in Vietnam with George S. Patton Ill's 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, a contmbutor to National Review, and a lawyer...

...Having a vocation is always somewhat of a miracle, like falling in love...

...Contrary to popular legend, he was neither the first Jew to graduate from the Academy nor the first to achieve flag rank...

...beyond the information culled from files, newspaper clippings, and the spotty reminiscences of disgruntled former associates, there just isn't much of a story...

...By replacing conjecture with calculation, the new surface theoretical methods give us the means to make major steps forward in the analysis of surface and inter face properties y THE MEN BEHIND THE WORK Drs...

...The authors charged ahead relentlessly nevertheless, in a manner not dissimilar to their subject's...

...Too, the really toff clubs seem not to stock any but Our Own brand of distilled spirits, the sort of stuff featuring plenty of fake heraldry and portraits of Lord Birdbath...

...they comprise a 'nucleus of martyrs.' The greater part of the remaining workers' energy goes into complaining . . . . " Rickover, needless to say, is one of the martyrs...

...The young midshipman was not selected for nuclear training, and an old score was settled...

...The story of the early stages of this development can be fascinating if your bent is toward engineering or you need a primer on top-notch bureaucratic infighting...

...The ratio of the shaded area to the hatched area of figure 1 gives the percentage for copper...

...He "did everything he could," says Moore, "to make my life miserable, my work assignments almost imposenergy location was independent of the chemisorbed atom...

...until their periods of eligibility run out...

...RICKOVER: "This interview is completed...

...From that point onward, he never wore a uniform except when expressly ordered to do so...

...Rickover always insisted, from the days when the Nautilus was only a blueprint, on approving through personal interview every officer and every key enlisted man accepted into the nuclear program...

...What," they might ask, "after all these years, makes you now think that making nuclear weapons is forbidden by your religion...

...gray...

...One of the more stringent tests of the accuracy of the SCLO method was an angular photoemission experiment conducted by tleimann et al., at the University of Munich subsequent to publication of the GM research...

...From his office came the following answer: "Admiral Rickover has asked me to reply to your letter . . . . Please be advised that he does not desire to have a book written about him...

...Why, or when, Rickover decided to stay in the Navy is not clear...

...Needless to say, these hale fellows have no time to talk about it, let alone discuss current events, because they are constantly shooting drinks out to a surging, importuning mob of about 5,000...

...If anything goes wrong, I'm responsible," Rickover would say, speaking of every phase in the development of every American nuclear vessel...

...He kind of backed into the job...

...gray...

...They may very well have exerted a wraith-like influence on Rickover's life...

...They all have jukeboxes, which only play "Centerfold" by the J . Geils Band, "Come Go With Me" by the Beach Boys, and "At the Hop" by Danny and the Juniors...

...Shaded area indicates electrons in surface states...

...Lest you think me unkind, let me hasten to add that, after this work, there can probably never be a more definitive history of the development of American naval nuclear power...

...Such an experiment was performed at GM for fractional .monolayers of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur on Cu(100...

...now there is a long and tiresome book that goes a long way toward proving it...

...One map shows a clean copper surface (It...

...The dominant change in the photoemission spectrum was the disappearance of a large peak.whose shape and 22 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR SEPTEMBER 1982 Rickover established his mutual admiration society with key members of Congress, got himself promoted through complex and dangerous political intercession, made himself invulnerable by refusing to train a replacement or even employ a deputy, and drew the wagons in a circle...

...ins debt of gratitude...

...Figure 2 shows what happens in the case of nitrogen chemisorbed on copper...

...The letter was signed by Rickover's secretary...

...He was selected for the nuclear program, but his claims to having been a "nuclear physicist" (after questioning he modified that to "nuclear engineer") who worked for Hyman Rickover seem tenuous at best...

...It is believed that she was the ghostwriter of Rickover's books on education...

...While acknowledging the possibility that someone might come forward with a claim "so bizarre, so clearly nonreligious in motivation, as not to be entitled to protection under the Free Exercise Clause," the Court was unwilling to make that judgment here and, moreover, suggested that it would be reluctant to make it in any case...

...Rickover began, in his dogged and tireless way, to rebuild it from virtually nothing, only to see.the atom bombing of Japan end the war, shortly after which he received instructions not to bother...

...The text of Rickover's interview with the future President is not available, and we have only Carter's word regarding Rickover's question about why he didn't always do his "best" at Annapolis, but the interview does appear to have been only an average inquisitorial exerTHE AMERICAN SPECTATOR SEPTEMBER 1982 23 cise, as these things went: a barren room, an official witness, browbeating, shouting, and sometimes foul language...

...Smith, "may be a controlling factor in many physical and chemical surface phenomena...

...He had friends in Congress...

...Rickover's assistance and cooperation were solicited early on...

...He worked everyone, from the senior officers immediately under him to the lowly construction workers at shipyards he meddled with, like machines...

...A few days after his arrival, a.typhoon blew the place flat...

...There is a family: Despite Rickover's frequent derogatory comments about the foolishness of "nest building" and "egg hatching," he sired a son, who is now 42, a financier...

...They are, in the main, elegant, but most of theiz bartenders speak only a kind of Spanish Latvian, and have trouble whipping up anything besides such Street favorites as a glass of white wine, Perrier with a twist of lime, or a bottle of beer, which is invariably Beck's when it is not Heineken...

...The Joe Mysak is a writer living in New Jersey...

...There are, after all, great American saloons in New York City...

...He was assigned to the fledgling nuclear program, according to retired Vice Admiral William Smedberg, because the Navy"couldn"t see his value in any other p l a c e . . , so they thought they might put him in there...

...He is "not proud" of the part he played in the development of nuclear submarines and wishes that the United States and the USSR would "sink them a l l . " The arms race is out of control and " w e ' l l replied, " . . . wipe out all the Americans and then wipe out all the Soviets . . ." A few months ago, when it begaa to look as if Presidem Reagan might not extend Admiral Rickover's tenure, a former undersecretary of the Navy took to the pages of the probably destroy ourselves . . . . Washington Post to write in defense Some new species will come along...

...His career, until he became the head of Naval Reactors Branch at an age when most naval officers are preparing to retire, was entirely undistinguished, except by his capacity for hard work and by several disasters...

...From that point onward, he courted Congress continuously and successfully...

...by J oe Mysak food is Usually swell, however, and on par wkh the cuisine served aboard ocean liners...

...When he was passed over--not once, but twice--for promotion, and thereby faced mandatory retirement, Figure 1: Energy distribution of electrons in outermost atomic layer...

...His nuclear career consisted of eleven months at a laboratory in Schenectady, New York...

...Therefore, he will not grant the interviews you requested...

...He came to the University of Virginia recently to speak on "The Presidency and National Defense...

...Such judgments, it said, are not within " t h e judicial function and judicial competence...

...cluding such surface events as oxidation leading to corrosion...

...Rickover has never made any secret of his contempt for Annapolis - - i t must have been particularly galling for him when, in 1974, he had to attend the dedication there of a building named in his honor--but it was probably his years at Annapolis that helped form a frame of reference that provided the basis of his contempt for a larger institution: the United States Navy...

...Disgruntled crew members raised the red flag of mutiny during his tenure, and secretly painted the word "madhouse" on the ship's side THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR SEPTEMBER 1982 21 where it could be seen as she steamed into port...

...The presence of so many "surface state" electrons must be consideredwhen analyzing physical and chemical surface phenomena, in...

...He discovered devils, and spoke out against them...

...From that point onward, when Rickover spoke o f " t h e Navy," he was referring to an adversary...

...The German research team confirmed a prominent surface state band predicted by the three GM physicists...

...Why this should be so is a mystery...

...His first wife, apparently beloved, died in 1972...

...Another victim was Lieutenant James Earl Carter, who later went into politics...

...But there are chinks in this noble knight's armor...

...Hyman G. Rickover was born the son of a Jewish tailor in Russianoccupied Poland in 1898 or 1900...

...They may be wiser...

...Some produce nuclear warheads, for example, and it may not have been a coincidence that, within a few weeks of the Court's decision in the Thomas case, the Bishop of Amarillo was calling upon his diocesan Catholics to quit their jobs in the nearby warhead assembly plant...

...Rickover's prompt relief was a lively topic at the Navy Club bar in Manila...

...The large body of surface states we found on metal surfaces," says Dr...

...But remember my fellow grateful Americans: This is also the man who, after a personal interview, hired Jimmy Carter to run a nookaleer reactor...

...So far, only the name of Eddie C. Thomas is inscribed in our Book of [Minor] Martyrs, but there will soon be many more eligible for inclusion...

...And if the Court is consistent, that, too, will be that...

...Another bishop, this one from Seattle, is advising his people to withhold half their federal income taxes as a way of protesting the arms buildup...

...Perhaps the workers at the yard could improve their health by working harder...

...time, after this book was published-the nuclear Navy...

...All Jews lived in Coventry," remembers one by Joseph A. Rchyansky member of the class of 1915, by which was meant isolation and ostracism...

...One such interview, in its entirety, went like this: RICKOVER: "Are you the son of Admiral CANDIDATE: "Yes, sir...

...Frank Arlinghaus and Jack Gay joined the corporation in 1964 and 1965, respectively...

...Under the threat of being inundated by such claims, their unemployment compensation boards might decide to get tough...

...The area has perhaps a dozen private clubs, but none is a saloon in any sense of the word...

...Only one or two, however, come close to qualifying as truly great saloons, and even they cast aside their dignity at night, when it really counts...

...They were lawyers, government contractors (he called them "vendors"), television, football, sloth, c a p i t a l i s m . . , and the U.S...

...C ONVENTIONAL scientific thought treats virtually all of the valence electrons found in the surface atomic layer of a metal as if they are free to roam throughout the metal's interior...

...Suffice it to say that Hyman Rickover makes most of the workaholics I know look mellow...

...It has been closed for a long time, although the curved brass nameplate is still there...

...Perhaps nowhere is there a better revelation of Rickover's character than in his legendary interviews with prospective " n u c s " (pronounced "nukes...

...His first wife, Ruth Masters Rickover, was an intellectual --a linguist and an expert in international law...

...His one tour in command of a naval vessel--81 days during 1937--was a fiasco...

...These three people are wraithlike in Rickover, of no significance whatever...

...John Smith, leader of the GM solid state physics group, did postdoctoral work at the University of California in La Jolla...

...The reasons are not publicly known, but Rickover himself has provided some clues...

...Simon and Schuster, $20.75...

...Each member of the team brings to the project a different expertise: Smith in surface physics, Gay in solid state theory, and Arlinghaus in bulk band structure calculations...

...John Smith (center) and Jack Gay (right) received doctorates in physics: Smith from Ohio State University and Gay from the University of Florida...

...From this point onward in the book, and an early point it is, the stories of Hyman Rickover and the development of our nuclear fleet merge, with the latter taking precedence and the former providing relief --sometimes comic, frequently grotesque, occasionally poignant...

...Raffler than fight the issue in the courts, the states would be better advised to ask Congress to dust off that old Roosevelt Court-packing plan...

...During those days, and nights, Hyman Rickover first seized responsibility for every aspect of America's nuclear Navy, executed this responsibility with the passion and energy of a zealot, and jealously protected his turf as the private fiefdom it became...

...The characterization of electron behavior used to complete the equation must be consistent with the behavior predicted by the equation...

...Their book is not quite the one they wanted to write...

...Two years later he married a career Navy nurse, who retired shortly after their marriage...

...She left behind one book and one angry interview, of which the authors make use...

...He was still a captain when he was put in charge and, in accordance with Navy tradition, groomed and identified a successor in order to enhance his own chances for promotion to rear admiral as well as, presumably, reassignment...

...He was, however, one of only 17 Jews (of 955 midshipmen) who entered, with _9 the class of 1922, an institution that, if not exactly rife with anti-Semitism, was definitely not hospitable toward its Jewish midshipmen...

...But there is no equivalent consensus among the Jehovah's Witnesses concerning employment in weapons factories...

...the other shows a nitrogen-covered copper su trace (dk...

...The stories of these degrading, bullying, even indecent exercises are widespread in the Navy, and the sources for them are, for the most part, the most reliable of men...

...True, they are usually only asked for a glass of white wine, Perrier with a twist of lime, or a bottle of Bud or Michelob, or even "something with vodka in it," but I have seen them mix such relatively complicated potations as martinis and Bloody Marys with a fair degree of competence...

...G } n e of the ingredients of a great saloon is the patrons, and here, certainly, is where these watering holes and the lofty ideal part company...

...In much the same way that Hoover was the FBI, Admiral Hyman George Rickover was--even, for a "Rwkover: Controversy And Genius, by Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen...

...Yet it must be admitted that despite the talk the bartenders are the fastest on earth...

...Rickover's reply, apparently sincere, was that he had just had a heart attack himself, and his doctors had told him to exercise...

...nevertheless, it is a fact...

...But clubs are not saloons...

...As biography, however, the book is a failure, on the same order as Ralph de Toledano's J. Edgar Hoover...

...In fact, Carter never set foot on a nuclear submarine until he was President...

...Jehovah's Witnesses are not the only sectarians with religious scruples, and our factories produce lots of weapons in addition to tanks...

...the second part equaling the difference between this atomic contribution and the exact density distribution...

...Rickover was criticized on occasion for the way he handled these interviews, among other things...

...Is it the authors' fault...

...Smith, Gay and Arlinghaus are theorists in the Physics Department at the General Motors Research Laboratories...

...Some of these places also feature two-man bands on the big nights...

...S h o r t l y after this book became available, Rickover's luck ran out: President Reagan declined to continue him on active duty upon the expiration of his latest two-year extension...

...The theorists dealt with this challenge successfully by dividing the electron density distribution into two parts-the first part due to-overlapping atomic density distributions...

...indeed, Thomas had a friend and fellow Jehovah's Witness in the plant who said it was not "unscriptural" to work on weapons parts...

...It was of special interest that the shape.and energy location of this peak was nearly identical to the envelope around the surface state peaks in figure 1. This suggests that surface state electrons play a major role in the chemisorption process...

...Navy...

...When the Thresher went down with the loss of 129 lives on April 9, 1963, Rickover's first official act was to phone the Chief of the Bureau of Ships, his nominal superior, to remind him that he, Rickover, was merely in the reactor business, and since there was no evidence that the reactor had malfunctioned (this later proved untrue), it was obviously a design problem and BuShips was thus responsible...