Good Government in Hanoi
Young, Stephen B.
Stephen B. Young GOOD GOVERNMENT IN HANOI The dubious harvest of Uncle Ho. A story circulating out of Saigon involves a fictive Ho Chi Mirth. One day the guard at Ho ~s mausoleum in Hanoi...
...The results have been nothing short of disastrous...
...He broke with fellow Dai Viet Ha Thuc Ky in 1964 over Ky's peculation in power and refusal to adopt a democratic theory for the party...
...When Truong Nhu Tang, the NLF Minister of Justice, asked after the 1975 conquest where the famous NLF Divisions (the 1st, 5th, 7th, and 9th) were, one of Hanoi's commanders replied bluntly: " D i d n ' t you know that the armed forces have already been unified...
...In fact, the House voted not simply to extend Section 5, heretofore merely a temporary provision, but to engrave it permanently into the U.S...
...Today, another former supporter of Hanoi, Doan Van Toai, argues that it would be cheaper to give arms to the guerrillas inside Vietnam than to provide welfare for a continual exodus of Boat People...
...Production of fish sauce, a staple, has dropped while poultry and pig production, which had taken off in South Vietnam under Thieu, has stagnated...
...The economy is in a shambles...
...As a result, it is likely that Section 5 jurisdictions will henceforth have virtually no hope of escaping Justice Department pressure to achieve what amounts to proportional representation by race...
...I must now go abroad and begin anew the struggle to liberate our people, but the middlemen want 14 ounces of gold for passage and I can't raise it anywhere...
...The only question has beertlth e f0rm~extens/on should take, and the-current betting would have to favor the Version overwhelmingly passed last fall by t h e House of Representatives, a bill that now has more than 60 Senate supporters...
...Ky has a following only among the most extreme anti-Communists but would nonetheless be useful in action...
...Rumors abound in Vietnam that Lieutenant General Ngo Quang Truong has also returned from foreign refuge to lead resistance forces...
...Thieu's old rival Nguyen Cao Ky is also itching to resume the limelight...
...Beggars cluster near restaurants to eat the leftovers...
...Army officers are being used to organize a nationwide youth movement while a new recruiting drive is pressed to fill all units...
...Tri Quang, who led the movement against Diem in 1963 and later sought to undermine Thieu, is under house arrest...
...Huy proposes the concept of dan ban as a political goal for all Vietnamese...
...Thousands of illegal street vendors meet popular needs for soap, milk, sugar, and cigarettes...
...What once shook Diem's regime is of no consequence 22 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1982 to Hanoi...
...However, both Vietnams should also be committed to a legal regime o f international neutrality along the lines of Switzerland and Austria...
...Associates of the Monk Man Giac in Los Angeles, for example, now argue that Buddhists should avoid politics and tend only to religion, a reversal of their position when they led the elitist third-force opposition to the Thieu regime...
...To pay its debts to the Soviet Union, the government ofLe Duan has resorted to the extraction of surplus labor from its subjects...
...Instead, taking its cue from a 1969 Supreme Court decision, it turned to a new issue-the prevention of what it called "vote dilution.' ' Terry East~and is editor of the Virginian-Piiot ofNorfolk, Virginia...
...But Lieu and Thi have no political strategy...
...The party and officer corps are perceived as nothing more than special interests seeking to secure their own power...
...This setback to its imperial ambitions has left Hanoi as but a foot soldier in a larger geopolitical contest--the Soviet search for hegemony...
...Send $7.50 (U.S...
...Hanoi understands that so long as the United States refuses to recognize Hanoi, in Vietnamese eyes the resistance to its rule has international sanction...
...Then and now, Huy has proposed an alliance based on a set of principles rather than an individual...
...This question assumes that blacks will--and shou/d--vote for blacks...
...In 1978, Hanoi first joined COMECON and then entered a mutual defense pact THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1982 21 with Moscow (in violation, by the way, of the Geneva Accords of 1954 and the Paris Peace Agreements of 1973...
...Thieu lives near London in a small villa ironically called "The White House...
...As reported in the Economist, Hanoi has agreed to send 500,000 Vietnamese to work in Siberian camps because the Soviet Union, due to demographic trends, is facing a labor shortage in the coming years...
...When the end was near in 1975 he could no longer rally either his troops or his people...
...One member of the resistance, now in this country, told me, "Finding our leaflets makes the cadres realize that what their superiors tell them is only propaganda and not the truth...
...This time the Chinese used his brother as a contact and offered to support South Vietnam against Hanoi if Thieu would open afew doors to power for the NLF...
...A Westen...
...The threat of another lesson from Peking keeps Hanoi's best units along the Chinese border, far away from the pacification of Cambodia where Pol Pot's forces have now survived two dry seasons intact...
...But more than a call for help is needed to produce the charismatic leadership necessary to organize local opposition to the Communists...
...In Mississippi--to cite one of the most heartening r e s u l t s - - t h e percentage of blacks registering to vote lumped from seven percent the year before the act was passed to almost 60 percent in 1967...
...Some 15,000 of these Vietnamese workers will go to Bulgaria...
...Perhaps this September the Reagan Administration should challenge Hanoi's credentials to sit in the United Nations...
...One Vietnam could be socialist, the other nationalist...
...Even the few surviving rural NI.F followers in Kein Hoa province have taken to arms against their old comrades...
...It was an effective act...
...In his eagerness to stay in the saddle, Khanh organized various counter-coups, bringing Thieu and Ky to the fore...
...For there would no longer be any reason to hope that the act might facilitate a more integrated vote--one in which voters define their interests in terms other than their own race and ethnicity...
...One day the guard at Ho ~s mausoleum in Hanoi discovers that the beloved uncle is missing...
...With no Western press in Vietnam, the flaming suicides which occurred after 1975 have passed wit[out international impact...
...Indeed, one can posit a direct correlation between Hanoi's increasing subservience to Moscow and the regime's declining prestige...
...No state would henceforth be threatened by Hanoi, and military expenditures in Southeast Asia would be reduced...
...Thieu, a Dai Viet in 1963, later used Huy's ideas in the successful pacification program which defeated the Vietcong after the Tet Offensive of 1968...
...Soon enough, however;, the Justice Department,: which has enforcement authority for the act, ceased to be concerned with ensuring equal political opportunity...
...When the land reform program of 1954-1956 killed too many people, Truong Chinh took the blame and Ho cried publicly over the excesses...
...Such elitist intellectuals came in for harsh treatment after Nguyen Cong Hoan, the only member of Saigon's National Assembly to be selected for a seat in the legislature of a unified Vietnam, fled to the United States and called for outside help in overthrowing the Communists by force...
...What's more, Hanoi's other pretext for legitimacy, representation of Vietnamese nationalism, has evaporated with the ill-fated invasion of Cambodia...
...Now the state is paying more for pork as well...
...But the struggle for liberty continues...
...Survival against the Communists is enough for the present...
...These efforts are not groundless...
...Having lost both the charisma of victory and the mantle of nationalism, Hanoi needs American NOVELS by J. lnchardi $I 1 each Lines On The Death Of A Fisherman Three Jews In A Tub Dreamship Yurros A Paper Toy Intercurse Jehovah Mafioso Saturn Maru Order by mail from Sirius Books, P.O...
...Under Le Duan's readership, Hanoi has been a willing pawn of the Kremlin, not a defender of Vietnamese interests...
...Section 5, always said to be a temporary measure tl-.at would ease the nation into an era in which race won't matter, has become a permanent measure designed to ensure that any new election guidelines will place a premium on skin color and ethnic background...
...Last fall several American veterans were received in Hanoi and heard fulsome promises of Hanoi's willingness to be America's friend...
...Unable to round up the small bands which operate with the help of local people, the regime has fallen back to a posture of containment, hoping to deny the resistance access to recruits and political leadership...
...The Cao Dai and Hoa Hao religious sects maintain their own guerrilla units...
...The most dedicated of Saigon's nationalist officers are still kept in camps without trial nearly six years after Hanoi's conquest...
...In this country, Ha Thuc Ky, leader of a narrow and intolerant Dai Viet faction, and Le Phuoc Sang, a minor Hoa Hao leader, have sought American support for a government in exile...
...Resources are taken away from food production...
...Hoang Tung, editor of People's Daily, said, "One has to prepare in time, otherwise one can have a Poland on one's h a n d s . " This means that the campaign against capitalism, a pretext to drive ethnic Chinese out of the country in 1978, has been canceled...
...Ky's old nemesis General Nguyen Chanh Thi, whose purge by Ky precipitated the Buddhist crisis of 1966, has organized a veterans' group...
...And without uy tin they have no claim to legitimate There qppr ity i n nerlca...
...There would again be two Vietnams with both Laos and Cambodia as independent and non-aligned nations...
...Under current conditions, however, the demoralized cadres no longer believe in Le Duan's ideology...
...NLF leaders were ignored or given sinecures...
...Le Duan prescribed heavy industrialization for Vietnam and a homegrown version of the New Soviet Man...
...Even William Shawcross now admits that "Vietnam is one of the poorest countries in the world...
...They are soldiers possessed with the dash and verve of that calling...
...The Vietnamese army has been dramatically expanded to about one million men and militia units of some two million additional men have been mobilized...
...Fearful of the consequences, Thieu did not reply...
...More recently, six years was set as a time sufficient for the truly repentant to prove their devotion to the new order through labor...
...When offered 2.2 to 2.5 piasters per kilo of rice rather than the old price of 1.3 piasters, peasants in the Mekong Delta sold the government an extra 71,000 tons of paddy...
...Neither did General Duong Van "Big" Minh, who led the successful coup against Diem but proved incompetent as a ruler, nor Air Vice Marshal Nguyen Cao Ky, who was regarded as rash and inconsistent...
...Shawcross was one of the exceptions...
...The Montagnards maintain their own insurgency in the central highlands...
...Since six years have now expired from the moment of their seizure, the regime may again have changed its mind and decided to keep these m6n in camps until they die or are otherwise politically incapacitated...
...The Soviet Union carries the Vietnamese economy at a cost of six million dollars each day...
...The regime tells Western reporters and sympathizers that it would distance itself from Moscow if only the Americans would extend aid...
...For the Vietnamese, the most promising alternative for leadership is offered by the modest but brilliant Nguyen Ngoc Huy, the author of a two-volume work, Dan Toe Sinh Ton, that is the most original and profound Vietnamese political document of the modern era...
...Diem was properly ascetic but could not accept criticism...
...Not in re-education, but in other Vietnamese jails and camps are religious leaders and former antiAmerican advocates of neutralism and a third force...
...All significant emigre Vietnamese nationalist leaders who have been consulted have accepted the broad outlines of such a proposal, except that many would prefer to have a unified neutral Vietnam instead of two separate states...
...Historically, the Vietnamese have only followed leaders who reflect 7r tin, a charismatic quality easily tarnished by failure or self-indulgence...
...The New Economic Zones are marginal accomplishments...
...He added, "resistance fighters are ready for self-sacrifice, to be the first bricks in the wall, to blaze a trail for the many who will later follow them to win freedom for our people...
...Today, Hanoi suffers because no one of its leaders has uy tin...
...Having once made a quagmire for us, Hanoi is now fighting its own quicksand war throughout Indochina...
...While the economic drain of constant warfare on Vietnam is substantial, the political impact of Hanoi's Cambodian venture is even more perverse...
...Venerable Thien Minh, very anti-American in the old days, has died in custody...
...Amazingly enough, as extension legislation moved through the House of Representatives not one voice was raised objecting to the Justice Department's handling of Section 5 cases...
...Sang worked for Ronald Reagan's election and now displays what he says is a letter from the President...
...Money back if not pleased...
...Conversely, those Indochinese who would bring a measure of humanity and justice to their countries have nothing left but an appeal to Heaven--and its corollary, the violent sfruggle for political liberty...
...Only revolution brought intolerable misery...
...Last year there were food riots in the northern city of Haiphong and the central province ofNghe Tinh, Ho Chi Minh's birthplace...
...While the economy has been constantly short two million tons of domestic cereal production since the Communists seized all of Vietnam, typhoons in 1980 created an abnormal excess deficit of 2.4 million tons...
...In the first few years after the act's passage, the dream of an integrated .vote seemed plausible...
...Nonetheless, he is avidly seeking contact with Peking to receive appointment as the nonCommunist leader whom the Chinese will fund and support...
...AFFIRMATIVE VOTING RIGHTS Extension of key enforcement provisions of the Voting Rights Act, scheduled to expire August 6, has n e v e r been in doubt...
...American officials were permitted to visit Saigon and process refugees for legal exodus...
...Allow 6 weeks...
...Two battalions led by Ngo Ke evade the Communists in the Seven Mountains of the Mekong Delta...
...The direction of the Le Duan's rule became apparent after Hanoi's military victory in 1975, when both the Vietcong leadership and those North Vietnamese with close ties to Peking lost power...
...Guerrilla bands exist in many parts of South Vietnam...
...recognition...
...The urban millions to be moved to virgin lands still remain in the cities...
...When piece-rate wages were paid, workers in a state fishing company doubled their catch...
...Six Stephen B. Young, Dean of the Hamh'ne University School of Law, served in South Vietnam with the Agency for International Development, and is currently assisting Ellsworth Bunker in writing the Ambassador's memoirs...
...During the summer of 1981, the regime sent trusted cadres to live in coastal areas of the Mekong Delta in order to spy upon any ~migr~s who might return to ignite the tinder of rural dissatisfaction...
...The new constitution of December 1980 pledged Socialist Vietnum to a militant foreign policy of "proletarian internationalism...
...While armed opposition is at present no threat to the regime, Hanoi is concerned that such opposition not grow...
...The production of chemical fertilizer has fallen dramatically but no money has been spent to increase imports of this essential ingredient for agricultural production...
...million Vietnamese face malnutrition...
...The Hanoi reYou Love Words you'll love VERBATIM, The Language Quarterly, dealing with all aspects of language...
...Hanoi has resorted to such tactics as forcing Cambodians living along the Mekong to relocate in strategic hamlets to cut them off from Pol Pot's guerrillas...
...The resistance has a future because it was born out of and is nourished by the aspirations of the people...
...Color catalog $2 (deductible with order) BERNARDO 2400 westheimer #IOSW(T) Houston TX 77098 with ethnic Vietnamese guerrilla forces...
...As it worked out, "preclearance" has been required even in changes involving annexations, reapportionments, and shifts from ward to at-large voting...
...It is cooperating with Pham Van Lieu, a respected Dai Viet organizer, founder of the South Vietnamese marines, and leader of the attempted 1960 coup against Diem...
...Thousands without proper identification cards live in hovels on Saigon's streets...
...Hanoi once even promised Henry Kissinger it would neither invade South Vietnam nor interfere in Cambodian affairs...
...A week later, an official finds him sitting on the Saigon wharf f~om where he had left for Europe before World War I. "Uncle, uncle, " he starts, "why have you left your home and given us such a f r i g h t ? " Ho replies, "My underlings have betrayed the revolution...
...His teachings form the backbone of a very effective secret political party, the Tan Dai Viets...
...Stalin's picture graced Vietnamese buildings...
...Reeling from the collapse of his armies, Thieu had no courage for such a dramatic gamble...
...Pham Van Lieu's group has already established a close working relationship with Huy...
...In Vietnam, monks have been arrested, pagodas placed in the care of regime confidants, Buddhist schools closed, and the faithful discouraged from public religious gatherings...
...He was compassionate, correct in demeanor, purposeful, and ascetic...
...After the Paris Peace Agreements were signed in 1973, Peking sent Thieu a letter through the good offices of Singapore's Lee Kwan Yew...
...His mistresses were kept from public view, and the dirty deeds necessary for Communist rule were carried out by his underlings...
...I have seen a letter sent abroad by Ven Huyen Quang, Secretary General of the An Quang Buddhist priesthood, calling on all Buddhists overseas to to unite in support of those who resist Hanoi...
...Small guerrilla bands, each under a hundred men, live hard lives in the mountains and swamps throughout South Vietnam...
...No boat people fled Vietnam under nine decades of French colonial rule...
...The leadership of the party returned to the pure Stalinist theory of its early development of the late 1930s...
...Any voting change that fails to maximize the chances of electing minority group candidates has been instantly suspect, and in most cases rejected...
...They wear no uniforms, set up their own leaders, and adopt patriotic names...
...Rationed food for each individual helps prevent the population from feeding the resistance...
...At present, various men of semiprominence under old Saigon regimes are offering themselves as leaders in the fight against Hanoi...
...In this way he hopes to overcome the divisive, personalistic aspects of traditional Vietnamese politics based on uy tin...
...Secret networks pervade Saigon, penetrating the regime at very high levels, waiting for the day when opposition may become open...
...When I challenged Hanoi's delegation visiting Harvard in the spring of 1981 to justify the re-education camps, Hoang Nguyen, editor of the regime's English-language propaganda publications, after first contending that the people concentrated in camps were criminals, finally admitted that the regime was scared to release its opponents because they refused re-education and would provide leadership to dissident movements...
...The proper approach for peace in Indochina is neutralism under the political formula reached in 1954 during the Geneva conference...
...In my judgment, our formal recognition of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam as the particular political expression of the people of South Vietnam is precluded by Article Five of the United Nation's declaration on aggression which says, "No territorial or special advantage resulting from aggression is or shall be recognized as lawfuL" Hanoi's 1975 invasion of South Vietnam not only violated the Paris Agreements on Ending the War but constituted an act of aggression under international law, which defines jt as the use of armed force by a state against the territorial integrity and political independence of another state...
...His wife is said to control the family's finances...
...East Germans and other advisers from fraternal socialist countries now use the prostitutes, and Russian cash pays for the country's imported oil...
...The resistance fighters call themselves "fighters for righteousness" --Nghia quan--or Robin Hoods holding out for the day of good King Richard's return...
...The Communists have tried hard to turn the party itself into a receptacle of uy tin...
...Hanoi's General Hoang Van Thai attended the early September 1980 Warsaw Pact maneuvers in East Germany after it was reported that Moscow had sought to bring Vietnam in as a full member of the pact...
...Shawcross 20 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1982 reported visiting an orphanage in Saigon where children were making clothes for export to the Soviet Union...
...The party may no longer interfere with each cooperative's "right of self-cont r o l . " But corruption squeezes the last piaster from people sinking ever lower into poverty each year...
...Box 177 Freeport, Maine 04032 I THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1982 23 acknowledgment of its right to rule over a united Vietnam...
...For a few years Nguyen Van Thieu approached the threshold of uy tin among many Vietnamese, but it dissipated when after the Paris Peace Agreements of 1973 he lost faith in American perseverance, became fatahstic, and retreated behind a shield of corrupt cronies at the top of the government and army...
...Taken from the mandate of heaven theory where rulers must seek the consent of those they rule, the notion of dan ban promises a commonwealth within which individuals can find personal fulfillment...
...And despite opposition efforts by an embattled and tiny group of representatives, the House voted to make " b a i l - o u t " from Section 5, already difficult, virtually impossible...
...They learn from us that the people oppose their rule...
...Rumors float that Ky is funded by General Tran Thien Khiem, Saigon's Prime Minister from 1969 to early 1975...
...First they were to be re-educated for only one month...
...The Hanoi regime proclaimed itself a "Socialist Republic" on the Soviet model...
...Nearby, a network formed by an underground political party fights around Mytho city...
...J JJ.u ESSEX...
...The Food and Agriculture Organization estimated that Vietnam would be short 4.4 million tons of rice in 1981...
...Invariably, the Justice Department has asked whether any such change would "dilute" the voting strength of minority groups (blacks, in most cases...
...The problems with Section 5 are THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1982...
...Today, the lucky Vietnamese are those with relatives living abroad...
...In conformity with the original purpose of the Voting Rights Act--to improve black access to the polls--racially discriminatory roadblocks began falling wherever they existed, mainly, of course, in the South...
...Foreign visitors are rarely allowed freedom to roam at will and see such consequences of the revolution...
...Then weeks before the collapse of Saigon in 1975, Peking again approached Thieu...
...His proposals provide an excellent middle ground on which all interested parties can now meet to reinforce one another's efforts...
...The resulting turmoil, complicated by Buddhist and Catholic antagonisms, destroyed Huy's excellent programs for good government and pacification...
...T ; D 1") A ' r ' T k A POST OFF=CE ~OX S68,~Vl J"J.'~J...
...In separate incidents in the cities of Saigon and Bien Hoa, leaflets were scattered throughout the city...
...There is an insurgency against Hanoi in Laos...
...After the hasty, fol:mal unification of the two Viemams in 1976, Le Duan assumed even greater power...
...He called the embarrassing practice "child labor" and left it at that...
...ambassador recently called North Vietnam "one of the most impoverished places on e a r t h . " Travelers report that people in Phnom Penh now look better fed than those living in Hanoi...
...Nationalist soldiers who refused to surrender carry on the fight we have abandoned...
...Emigrd officers have returned to link the tribesmen Pre-Columbian Art GOOOESS OF rffW MOON-only one of many collectibie rubbings of Maya temple ruins...
...It has even sent a number of Buddhist priests abroad to pose as refugees and provide a pro-Hanoi slant in the ~migr~ community...
...The Hanoi regime finds it easier to use military formations to keep the population disciplined...
...But an even more telling sign of Hanoi's own sense of its growing isolation both at home and abroad has been the regime's increasing overtures in an attempt to win official U.S...
...Behind him are several very bright advisers...
...Living in isolation from the population, these Vietnamese will receive use of only 40 percent of their wages...
...Then the state decided that three years was necessary...
...Towns and roads of that ravaged country are under Vietnamese garrison, but pacification of the countryside is beyond the present capacity of Hanoi's expeditionary corps, and Vietnamese troops garrison less than ten percent of Cambodia's villages...
...He confirmed the beggars and the poverty...
...Travellers are ambushed, local Communist cadres are assassinated, re-education centers are pillaged and the incarcerated "students" liberated...
...In December 1980, the politburo abandoned its dream of creating new socialist men in Vietnam and turned to markets and the profit motive to rescue the economy and the regime...
...In France, Le Quoc Tuy claims to be in contact with various resistance units within Vietnam...
...For example, two attempts were made to assassinate Tran Ngoc Anh in Tay Ninh province because he turned against his Cao Dai coreligionists and helped the government take church land and browbeat church leaders to abandon their faith...
...Continuing an ancient tradition, not every Vietnamese has acquiesced in Hanoi's rule...
...He is an associate of Tran Van Huu, a former prime minister under the French and the figure around whom the French hoped to build a third force, neutralist regime for Saigon in 1975...
...Without a paragon as their leader, South Vietnamese were given to bickering and complaining...
...Bloomington, Indiana authority...
...His uy tin was completely lost with the collapse of Saigon in.1975...
...Packages from "imperialist" countries feed Vietnam's black market...
...Agents provocateurs are sent out to recruit hotblooded young students for a life in the maquis only to turn them over to the police...
...The balance will go to offset Hanoi's debt to Moscow...
...The seeds of rebellion against their rule have thus already been planted...
...If this version should prevail, however, the great promise of the Voting Rights Act would be tragically denied...
...Tang later fled abroad...
...Ho Chi Minh created for himself the public image of uy tin...
...Vietnamese socialism is parasitic, sucking in important wealth from its friends and enemies alike...
...Hanoi will never agree to the end of its dominion until force of arms leaves it with no other choice...
...Nor did Vietnamese flee their homeland during the years of American combat presence...
...He had no uy tin...
...The creation of the Socialist Republic incorporating all of Vietnam under one government as the consequence of such aggression was in violation of international law and should not be legitimated...
...CT 06426 U S A _9 gime is well aware of its failings and its illegitimacy, yet rather than abandon its Stalinist ideology the regime seeks once again to use deception to forestall effective opposition...
...But now Hanoi's reputation for success is at risk...
...rq Sarkes Tarzian Inc...
...Management committees of the North Vietnamese Army were placed in charge of the South while the Vietcong were told to disband...
...When accused of a quietism beneficial to Communist repression of the Buddhist church in Vietnam, they reply that liberation of the homeland lies in the hands of heaven alone...
...2 4 i by Terry Eastland According to Section 5 of the act, nine Southern states and parts of thirteen others must "preclear" any changes in their ,coting procedures with the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department...
...The Association of Southeast Asian nations has long since called for a zone of neutrality in that heterogeneous part of the world...
...Former NLF leaders such as Truong Nhu Tang in France and the Communist Hoang Van Hoan in Peking, having been discredited by their participation in Hanoi's drive for power and the subsequent demise of the Vietcong, have no uy tin...
...Among persons of little uy tin, the political game is to become the favorite of a powerful patron...
...In the past, the party has won essential domestic political support with the line that "you may not like us but we never make a mistake and so you will do better hitching your wagon to our winning star...
...Consequently, black registration began to increase by the thousands...
...Plans are not realized...
...As isolated and far-fetched as the emigre opposition to Hanoi may appear, it would be premature to dismiss it out of hand...
...Efforts are placed on recruiting fifth-column sympathizers safe from the regime's secret police...
...Rice harvests are inadequate...
...or $8.50 (elsewhere) for a one-year subscription, starting with the current issue...
...But even Hanoi's army is encountering harder times...
...In exile now, he hopes to make up for this oversight...
...He is undoubtedly right...
...This notion is at once traditional and modern...
...Lieu has uy tin and his group is the most anxious to resume the armed struggle against Hanoi...
...Huy, who embodies the best of Vietnamese nationalism, has never been associated with the Americans...
...Indeed, there would be good reason to fear that the polarization of society along racial and ethnic lines would increase dramatically...
...Their purpose is to sap the regime of its self-confidence so that in time it will fall of its own dead weight in the classic pattern of dynastic collapse in traditional China and Vietnam...
...Code...
...In acts of civil disobedience, the rural populace refuses to produce for the state as agricultural production plummets...
...Tuy's connections with Huu and the French deny him uy tin...
...We need only recall the weaknesses of the former Saigon governments, weaknesses which amounted to "lack ofuy tin...
...The reason for this state of affairs is not difficult to fathom: Though the Americans have left, the country remains in a state of war...
...They have been joined by others released from re-education camps...
...American support for General Nguyen Khanh in 1964 forced Huy and his colleagues into a series of coups to drive Khanh from power...
...The political instability in Vietnam flows not merely from the destructive and repressive policies of Le Duan's regime, but also from the concomitant perceptions of illegitimacy they encourage...
...Over a million tons of wheat and wheat flour were imported in 1978 and again in 1979...
...S i x years after Hanoi's victory, the Vietnamese revolution is a failure...
...The resistance groups in the bush do not expect to achieve military success in their struggle against the Communists...
...A two-Viemam arrangement would be to the benefit of every concerned power save Moscow and the current Hanoi l ruling group...
...Ha Thuc Ky, especially through the newspaper Van Nghe Tien P/song, has spent more time slinging mud at his potential rivals in trying to tarnish their images than he has in overcoming objections to his own lack of uy tin...
...The government, in near panic, sends high-level cadres everywhere to look for Uncle Ho...
Vol. 15 • April 1982 • No. 4
