Constitutional Interrelationships Between the President and Congress of the USA in the Sphere of Foreign Policy
Nyporko, Yuri l.
BOOKS IN REVIEW - "Constitutional Interrelationships Between the President and Congress of the USA in the Sphere of Foreign Policy" men to have affairs with, and sometimes, as with her cocaine-sniffing Village Voice editor, this eventually leads to work. She does make a few half-hearted attempts at job interviews, but...
...How can you feel, and how can you make them feel, that their presence alone is worth money to you...
...Through Sally Gardens, Susan Cheever shows herself to be not so much the exponent of feminism as its logical product, a result of the contemporary attack on the family and the replacement of the sacrament of marriage with the structures of the marketplace...
...As the 1960s progressed, the besheniye were seen to err in thinking that, in the face of the "changed correlation of forces in favor of Socialism" internationally, Communist-backed "offensives against the positions held by imperialism" (cant in Soviet writings on strategy since 1965, when Brezhnev first pronounced it) could be stopped...
...Realists, they said, could be found, even if rarely, in Congress...
...Such "prominent figures" understood the real balance of forces in the world...
...We live in a productively competitive society, where a chief source of joy is work well-done, and recognized as such...
...His involvement in career extends well beyond the responsibility of family support...
...I am very suggestible...
...or direct from: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS I Washington Square | THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1980 33 organs over the methods and direction of foreign policy...
...In peeto...
...I share in Mr...
...Nowhere is this clearer than in this interior monologue, well worth quoting at length: In the Village Voice today I read a story about how marriage is really just a form of prostitution...
...Is this all there is to New York, or do the city's boundaries extend beyond the author's experience...
...Thus everything in the novel seems to be either a fashion plate or a cliche, the prefabricated articles of experience...
...Children in crisp private-school uniforms parading with their model boats...
...He is significandy responsible to self and ambition, as opportunity in America...
...Her desertion is inexcusable, b u t . . . If she had taken him, or had continued to take full responsibility for him at home, within the marriage, she would have fared about as well as Ted did, when he took charge...
...In this sense "looking for work" is an appropriate title for her novel...
...The Salvation Army Bands on the corners at Christmas time...
...Like Ted, she would have lost jobs and taken salary reductions...
...Where affectionate...
...A glance at the dustjacket reveals some obvious points in common between Ms...
...4.95 paper Available at your bookstore...
...Congress, as Lenin said of England's Parliament, is a "rich men's club...
...Even so, his first preference, of course, would be "that "progressive forces" (unnamed) form their own party, under the guidance of the Communist Party USA, or work successfully within one--guess which ?--of the two American political parties...
...Head over heels over head" must be her favorite, guessing from the number of times she repeats it...
...While the realists perceived that nonbelligerence and cooperation could keep the world free of thermonuclear war and local conflicts, while encouraging the forces of "social progress," the hotheads spoke "unrealistically" and anachronistically of maintaining American "positions of strength" throughout the world...
...This says something for the film as political event, not drama--an understanding of its significance John Podhoretz demonstrates in his review ("The Talkies," January 1980...
...The book, in fact, may well typify a kind of analysis that has circulated among the Kremlin leadership since 1965, a form of "Kremlin Papers...
...4.95 paper The U . S . Balance o f Payments and t h e Sinking Dollar By Wilson Schmidt 157 pages...
...Of course, at times Nyporko pays obeisance to the traditional Communist line--as he must--but not at the expense of a certain unintended irony...
...Especially if you have no children, or if they are grown...
...Rather, according to the book, the Constitution and the practical workings of the U.S...
...To fill time, Sally also tries to write...
...Is courtship just another hype...
...Thus, Soviets writing on American politics came to speak more often about the effectiveness of certain members of Congress in criticizing the foreign policy of the executive...
...Ralph Nader was also given special commendation...
...Quoting Galbraith's remark, " Konstitutsionniye Vzaimootnosbeniya Prezident'a i Kongressa SSbA v Oblasti Vnesbnei Politiki...
...But a new book, called simply Constitutional Interrelationships Be32 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1980 tween the President and Congress of the USA in the Sphere o f Foreign Policy" (the Soviets are not known for being concise), published just last year in the USSR, goes considerably further...
...17...
...As to Republicans and Democrats generally, they follow where the monopolists lead them...
...Cheever and Sally Gardens, but more telling is the boastfully confessional, Erica Jonglike "look what a naughty girl I am" quality of the novel...
...Worse, they are teaching their children to reject it too...
...Such "Solons" might actually stand up to the President, even if he was of the same party...
...that Lenin was right when he said that the "bourgeois parliament" must be "penetrated," that "anti-parliamentarism is an infantile disorder of Communism...
...Moreover, behind Sally Garden's arrogance and exhibitionism lies a good bit of anger and resentment...
...But she has a problem, as she explains in this paragraph: I can't write about blew York because a thousand other writers have pummeled the city's images into cliches...
...You've got me...
...Cheever, through her protagonist, wraps up her whole novel into one skillfully packaged cliche: But there is no going back and unraveling those old mistakes, although there are plenty of times now when I don't think I'll ever get married, or have children, or love anyone again in the wonderful simple he'll-take-care-of-me way that 1 loved J'ason once...
...In the 1970s, especially with drtente, official writings began to suggest that something other than perfect harmony prevailed in the "governmental apparat" of the United States--that basic tensions might, and did, arise between the two great branches of government in Washington, the legislative and executive...
...CONSTITUTIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS OF THE USA IN THE SPHERE OF FOREIGN POLICY Yuri I. Nyporko / Naukova Dumka / 95 Kopeks Albert L. Weeks Z a d i t i o n a l l y , Kremlin ideologists have depicted American "bourgeoisdemocratic" political institutions as charades for deluding the masses...
...The important thing about all of this is that analyses like Nyporko's do have an effect on Soviet foreign policy...
...Podhoretz calls a"lousy mother...
...She has no center, and like all such people she is grasping, selfish, and acquisitive, trying to fill up an empty self with things...
...government demonstrate clearly that "profound" (the term used in the book) tensions do exist between the legislative and executive branches of government...
...Ted himself, in the courtroom scene, indicates he does not consider her a failure...
...Bernstein, and A.D...
...Another two hundred thousand are or are about to be owned by the city of New York, and thus are in the pipeline for imminent destruction...
...They might even sometimes speak out against the beslseniye, the "hotheads...
...As Nyporko puts it, the "more liberal one...
...And while Democrats in Congress may oppose a Democratic President, a more useful situation, Nyporko suggests, is one in which a Congress predominantly of one party deters a President from the opposition party...
...Given her jargonized lines, and given the fact that her act of desertion is undermotivated (whether by script defect or "really" is, I believe, not possible to say--a major flaw in the film), a sympathetic response is necessarily a political, not a dramatic, reaction...
...Billy is not the product of what Mr...
...According to Nyporko, the rift between the legislative and executive branches of government is helped along by capitalism itself because, and here again he deviates from the traditional line, "various strata of monopoly capitalism" display "contradictions between them as well as a competitive relationship...
...It is not hard to see how something like the invasion of Afghanistan might follow from that...
...If an ascendant ideology can be abused, to what extent does that discredit the ideology...
...In such a way do love affairs become job interviews...
...Worse, probably, since she had m start a career...
...Nyporko's paradigm is the Nixon presidency, the checksand-balances tension of which he calls "unprecedented...
...It's hard to be tactful about having someone depend on you for money, I suppose...
...At times it almost reads like a declassified Soviet document on how to exploit the American system of government...
...Those who cherish meritocracy must acknowledge that to exclude women from its rewards (and its pains) is to create a climate in which many women reject the value of the competitive and productive ethic as a way of preserving a sense of their own importance...
...t Senator Fulbright, for instance, the committee's chairman from 1959 to 1975, is called "one of the most realisticallyminded figures in the USA...
...Podhoretz asks why Joanna did not take Billy with her, if she loved him...
...Clearly the Kremlin is aware, as Nyporko reveals, of the potentially great power of the American President...
...Everything here, he continues, "depends on precisely which forces within the ruling circles control the government...
...but it also sees, and rather counts on, the weakening of executive power as a result of congressional overreaction to, among other things, the "mistaken" Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, the Vietnam war, and Watergate...
...The separation of powers, writers still insisted, was "illusory...
...And he can be specific about the effects: The Indochina war helped bring about strengthening of progressive tendencies in Congress...
...3. Mr...
...As to the two-party-system, Nyporko finds that the "progressive antiwar struggle" greatly reduced the effect of bipartisanship in foreign policy...
...Albert L. Weeks is a professor teaching politics and history at New York University and the author of several articles and many books on world affairs...
...Podhorerz "the flight of privileged American women from their natural responsibility," Ted "must become a mother to the kid to whom he is already an affectionate father...
...Podhoretz's conclusion that the film--or the story itself "outside" the film--presents a partial and overdue indictment of a liberated woman as "a cop-out artist who has failed to hack it in what is the most taxing and important job there is," I have heard raised, and have raised myself, the following questions: 1. If Joanna/s seriously more culpable than Ted, does that imply, as There Mr...
...Podhoretz says that the "Sisterhood" has made desertion by mothers "acceptable and even 34 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR APRIL 1980...
...133 Sarkes Tarzian Inc...
...176 pages, $12.50 cloth, $5.95 paper Other books In t h e ICEPS series: The New Protectionism The Welfare State and International Trade By Melvyn B. Krauss 119 pages, $I0.00 cloth...
...Not surprisingly, he would prefer to see a Republican President elected in 1980, along with a Democratic Congress...
...This is not a simple question to a n s w e r . 2. Because of Joanna's desertion, which represents to Mr...
...And Nyporko offers Iran as the prime example of how "monopoly capitalism," in league with the Pentagon, pursues its interests through U.S...
...In American government, they claimed, there can be no genuine separation of powers, no checks and balances...
...We see no evidence of his affection before her flight...
...Other cities are considering the same government intervention measures that New York has employed for the past 30 years...
...The Constitution itself, a "scrap of paper," serves as a shield defending propertied interests from the rage of the workers...
...The conditions of "divided rule," he goes on to argue, "can only assist progressive tendencies...
...foreign policy...
...If it's tough for Sally being a writer, with those other writers grabbing up all the images and turning them into clichrs before she gets a chance, she needn't worry: She does very well inventing her own...
...Charity is no longer saintly either...
...Inevitably he is left, like Jason, pauperized by alimony and vegetarian by necessity...
...Of course, foreign policy is under the control of big business, yet (odnako): the sphere of foreign policy frequently lies outside the immediate field of interests of the small or medium-size businesses, who in general are oriented toward the domestic market...
...The reflecnons of the Fifth Avenue penthouses in the Central Park sailboat pond where I walk Valdi...
...Needless to say, one wonders, then, how it happens that our defense spending has declined so drastically in recent years, as a percentage of GNP, even as Soviet defense spending has increased...
...Is marriage just another exercise in acquisition, with markdowns on older models and racks of possible purchases displayed to their best advantage...
...had attempted in vain to "roll back the inevitable course of history...
...From his reading and analysis, Nyporko infers that the U.S...
...John Kenneth Galbraith and C. Wright Mills, some of whose writings have long since been translated into Russian, were, and are, often cited as authorities for this view...
...I say "surprisingly," because no reviews I have seen construe the movie as primarily a sympathetic portrait of her...
...Some writing is a lot like that, as when it unloads on the reader the minutiae of the author's life through a fictional stand-in...
...I t is probably important to mention the autobiographical element of Looking for Work in order to understand to what extent the author may be accountable for the idiocies of her heroine...
...that "legislative power has no force over the Pentagon or those branches of industry who serve it," Nyporko writes that the "military-industrial complex exerts tremendous pressure on Congress...
...Realistically-minded" congressmen and senators were singled out for meritorious conduct: Robert F. Kennedy, George McGovern, Wayne Morse, William Fulbright, Mike Mansfield, Frank Church, even Jacob Javits...
...Or ever love again at all, really...
...Moreover, the monopolists themselves are often in conflict over the conduct of American foreign policy: Depending on their interests, some "may exert pressure on the White House, others upon Congress...
...Although there may be "no difference in principle" between the two parties, because they both support some degree of capitalism, "they nevertheless wage a sharp struggle with each other for the right to influence domestic and foreign policy...
...and that "realisticallyminded" people in the United States, through legislative pressure, can restrain executive action with respect to "local conflicts" internationally and "national liberation struggles...
...It's as if the case of Ted vs...
...In advancing his argument, Nyporko cites many Soviet authorities (Gromyko and Georgii K. Shakhnazarov, among others), but more often than not defers to the judgments of Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Galbraith, Howard Zinn, M.J...
...Bi-partisanship," he notes, "by no means rules out difficulties arising between the executive and legislative THE ECOLOGY OF HOUSING DESTRUCTION By Peter D. Salins An International Center for Economic Policy Studies Book Published by New York University Press "Two hundred thousand apartments have been destroyed within a decade...
...They perceived that America could no longer assert its power, and their favorite example was Vietnam, where the U.S...
...Who knows, but one certainly pities the poor male who falls into such a web...
...Homer Since its release, Kramer vs...
...Still, in the early days of the Brezhnev regime, no one went so far--in print, anyway--as to suggest that American governmental institutions per se had somehow changed...
...Obviously, as he himself states explicitly elsewhere in the book, Nyporko is referring to the "causes" which informed so much of the program of the New Left...
...Mendicants are no longer saintly men...
...Thus, author Peter D. Salins characterizes the consequences of "The Ecology of Housing Destruction," a process whose origins he traces to a set of interlocking public policies and private sector dynamics, many of them unique to blew York City...
...Constitution does provide room in the legislative branch for the maneuverings of "progressive forces...
...The law, adopted under its influence, on limiting the war-making powers [of the President] reflected the endeavors of realistically-inclined American political figures to prevent "future Vietnams" and the launching of aggressive conflicts by the United States...
...Kramer has bounced Carter and Kennedy, the Ayatollah, and the imminent Third World War from dinnerparty conversation in the city where I live--which is Washington, no less, where movies are only "culture," and not usually in the same league with politics for serious social discourse...
...Even so, they still stopped short of asserting that any profound contradictions between the executive and legislative organs of government could arise...
...4. Is not Ted's act of heroism-handling job and home alone-the permanent and unpraised condition of millions of divorced women...
...Podhoretz concludes, that the ideology she uses to make good her escape from an imagined sense of injury exists for, and is promoted primarily for, that purpose...
...It reads very much like a diary, and an unexpurgated one at that...
...They remained fundamentally the same: tools of big business and the Pentagon...
...To quote The Law of the Soviet State, Andrei Vishinsky's magnum opus, which is still cited by Soviet jurists as the authoritative work on law: "The Constitution of the U.S.A...
...Sofaver...
...C O R R E S P O N D E N C E QO0~iB00D~b~t~DDgBUDjD0IOBQ~m0e9Oi0IQtIO~80tDDDD~DODBDD0~0D00D0~DBOD0IQD0~000DmD~QDD~mD80P0~0~I0~DD0II9~QOI0OP000IQD0jD000~PbD~DB~DQI0~D6~0~DDD0~I0D00 ~0 Podhoretz vs...
...It is said about former President Johnson that he would hold interviews while seated on the toilet, symbolically asserting his dominance in a most effective way...
...Joanna's "natural responsibility" ? What is Ted's natural responsibility...
...Bloomington, Indiana Joanna has not been during the fiveyear period encompassing toilet training, shoelace tying, and the guidance which has made Billy a good, sensitive, loving, and brave child...
...I t is not hard to imagine which forces Nyporko would prefer to see presiding...
...10.00 cloth...
...Its print run, at any rate, was limited to 1,300 copies, suggesting a special readership...
...I'm not very tough, if you must know, but that's a secret...
...From 1969 to 1973," he gleefully notes, "Congress passed 149 different resolutions reducing executive power...
...THE ECOLOGY OF HOUSING DESTRUCTION is a timely and illuminating study of the existing policies and regulations which were meant to assist--but have actually destroyed the housing of New York City...
...She swallows whole all the fashionable platitudes and cynicisms fed to her, but there is no mediating consciousness to make sense of them...
...Perhaps the most striking thing about Sally Gardens is her confusion, the whorl of undigested ideas knocking about inside her head...
...Joanna were under consideration by the Supreme Court...
...Especially now that we all think that money is power...
...No one dared suggest that the House and Senate might effectively challenge t h e ' 'dictatorial" powers--written or unwritten--of the President...
...Perhaps Barry Commoner's "Citizen's P a r t y , " formed since the book was written, fits the bill...
...In his analysis of the divisions within the Democratic Party, he suggests, relying heavily on American analysts, that "struggles" between Congress and the President are especially helped by certain Democratic deviations, most of which are dovish as well as anti-executive...
...It is not infrequent, therefore, to find the interests of small and medium-size capitalists in conflict with those of the monopolies, for whom foreign expansion is their principal endeavor...
...His book obviously predates the fall of the Shah...
...Against Mr...
...If you are supporting another person financially, how can you justify it...
...However, I find in myself and among friends who share this general criticism surprisingly strong support for Joanna...
...Podhoretz's criticism of those who employ the women's movement ideology as a cover for selfishness and irresponsibility...
...Longlegged career girls bobbing to the bus these cool, early autumn mornings, and soon, snow falling softly on the skaters at Rockefeller Center...
...The result: "tensions arise within the bourgeois governmental apparat with great frequency...
...It can't be that you are paying for their body in bed . . . . How can it work anyway, this money business between men and women...
...Far more Democrats than Republicans are singled out as spokesmen for "progressive forces...
...Presidents function as mouthpieces o f " monopoly capitalism...
...There would have been for her only what she got at home before her flight: no praise, no promotions, no victories over competitors...
...Clearly, the girl is bordering on a severe case of anomie...
...5. Ted's isolation from his family before Joanna left was his form of desertion...
...Beginning in the early 1960s, a few Soviet spokesmen began to point to " r e a l i s t i c t e n d e n c i e s " appearing within, of all places, the "ruling bourgeoisie" of America...
...She even uses Vonnegut's instant cliche, "So it goes," and, at the risk of giving away the ending to Max and Sally's torrid love affair, we can see in this passage how Ms...
...Why do some people pay for other people if not in return for services rendered...
...obscures the exploitative character of the state.'" Such, anyway, was the message...
...Yet (in Russian, odnako, a conjunction Nyporko uses quite often after bowing to official Marxism-Leninism), "it must be pointed out that an intensifying struggle is now taking place between the legislative and executive branches," a breach which opened as the result of the "expensive adventure in Vietnam, the aggravation of racial and other social problems connected with the toilers' struggle for their civil rights, and many other social grievances...
...She does make a few half-hearted attempts at job interviews, but prefers to spend her days brushing her dog and wishing her husband's trust fund were bigger...
...For while in traditional terms her protagonist does little jobhunting, it is clear that in her novel personal and fictional experience, private and public life, have become identical...
...Written by Yuri I. Nyporko, an academician with strong political ties with Andrei Gromyko and the entire foreign-policy establishment in Moscow, including the Central Committee's Institute of the USA and Canada, Constitutional Interrelationships revises the earlier view of the separation of powers, especially with regard to the executive's war-making prerogatives and the effect of congressional committees, particularly the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.t No longer is it a matter of a few "realistically-minded" congressmen and senators...
...Looking for V/'ork is a good example of this...
Vol. 13 • April 1980 • No. 4
