Jimmy's Geography Lesson

...It is, however, precisely against the utilization of these resources--and especially against the utilization of nuclear energy--that the detritus of the anti-war movement has mounted its determined, well-organized, and lavishly funded campaign...

...Through SALT, the 1973 d&ente accord on superpower cooperation, and the 1979 Vienna summit, the U.S...

...More fashionable and enduring is the "encirclement theory...

...Sure, the attacks were deplorable, but the vic...

...Copyright _9 1980 by Aram Bakshian, Jr...

...And this fear may have entered into the "go" decision on Afghanistan...

...14 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR MARCH 1980...

...Not surprisingly, their cause is championed by the Soviets...

...The area's untapped oil and gas reserves would be a boon to the Soviets but not nearly so important as their securing a warm-water port, in this case, right on the Persian Gulf...

...But if you didn't notice Islamic fanaticism in Afghanistan recently, or the KGB's problem in controlling the Muslims within the USSR, it wasn't without reason...

...Would that it were so...

...This is as true today as it was in 1968 when the Soviets invaded Czechoslovakia...

...Russia lashes out for fear of being surrounded by enemies, particularly China, Europe, and Japan in league with America, and this fear is said to be reinforced by a kind of cultural paranoia, the result of having suffered past invasions...

...To the small degree that I have ever been exposed to the stuff, l've always found it something between an unpleasant distraction from the really worthwhile things in life and a mild soporific...

...The surprise of the Soviets' invasion of Afghanistan was not so much in degree as in kind...

...For when the Soviets move militarily, they move massively...

...ing down innocent civilians.'l" More appropriate than Vietnam is the analogy--suggested privately by an upper White House official--with Ethiopia and the 1937 Italian invasion there...

...lead [Kissinger writes of Connally...

...For now, Soviet plans may well turn to "Baluchistan," not a state per se but the vision of a state for the five million or so Baluch tribesmen living in western Pakistan, eastern Iran, and southern Afghanistan...

...Never before, since the Bolsheviks secured power, have Russian troops been actively and massively engaged outside Eastern Europe in peacetime...

...Besides, Afghanistan lies right next door to the Soviet Union, making logistics tidier, while Vietnam is halfway around the globe from us...

...In due course, the "nonaligned" world is sure to line up against the West, as usual...

...Evidently, Afghanistan has fallen under the 1968 Brezhnev Doctrine, which postulated the Soviets' right to intervene in any socialist state-not, in Brezhnev's words, confined to Eastern Europe at all--for the sake of socialist solidarity...

...They will recognize that the Soviets no longer practice--if they ever did--restraint for the sake of world stability...

...Anti-nuclear activists have long regarded the U.S...

...First of all, so brazen an attack may not be necessary for the Russians...

...In any case, the invasion hardly bodes well for the 1980s, the first decade in history to witness a stretch of Soviet strategic superiority and a new Soviet reliance on oil from the Persian Gulf...

...Finally, as the long counterinsurgency campaigns in Angola (since 1975) and Ethiopia (since 1977) have shown, a totalitarian system can endure protracted conflict...

...If one does take Kissinger at his word--which not everyone is willing to do these days--John Connally must be the randiest candidate in the race...

...The answer to that question depends very much on our willingness to exploit our vast coal and nuclear resources...

...Two hundred years later, John Connally, who defected from the Democrats in 1973, has applied for the job of 1980 Republican Commander-in-Chief...

...As Soviet and Cuban moves on Angola in 1975 and Ethiopia in 1977 and 1978 have again made clear, Moscow has no patience for such a strategy of gradual escalation as the U.S...

...His build was matched by his ego...

...Toward this end, the Russians of late have been building airfields and naval bases in South Yemen, Ethiopia, and Afghanistan, positioning equipment in these countries and in Libya, and recruiting soldiers from these three new Marxist allies to supplement their own troops and those from East Germany and Cuba...

...It's the old Benedict Arnold syndrome at work again...

...Not that the President isn't furious-he is...

...By invading Afghanistan, they eliminated a buffer between the USSR and Pakistan and Iran, where a crisis is imminent, while placing themselves within easy striking range of the Strait of Hormuz, through which nearly half the West's" oil passes...

...j , ,,st what are the Soviets up to...

...Personally, I question his judgment...

...The bigger they are, the bigger you will be...

...Stranger things have happened...

...It seems scarcely credible that groups like the Clam, Mobe, MUSE, and DON'T could accomplish the destruction of America, yet the concatenation of circumstances is such that they just might...

...The man exudes power and is a past master at accruing and wielding it...

...Even the best leader is powerless without followers and, while Connally has managed to assemble a solid campaign command team at the top, and has raked in money from the fat cats, he has yet to prove his ability to attract Republican voters en masse...

...And Afghanistan is a far more strategic territory than Vietnam...

...THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR MARCH 1980 15 there is between East and West Germany...

...bestowed the Soviet Union with superpower prestige with the understanding that it would behave responsibly like one...

...On New Year's Day, Izvestia's crack investigative reporters informed their readers that the CIA "is directly involved in training Afghan rebels in camps in Pakistan and maintains contacts with counterrevolutionaries in Afghanistan itself...

...Henry Kissinger once declared that power is the greatest aphrodisiac...

...If South Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Angola, Ethiopia, and South Yemen--to name only those places where new Marxist regimes have come to power since 1975 with the help of Soviet arms and Cuban or Soviet combat troops--were not evidence enough, let us hope that, with the invasion of Afghanistan, such illusions are dead...

...tiros were far afield, beyond the reaches of Western states or international machinery (then the League, now the UN...

...Still, the kind of invasion was shocking...

...You will be measured in this town," he said to me once, "by the enemies you destroy...

...They will face the undeniable fact that Mr...

...Carter may not long remember that Afghanistan changed his ideas about the Soviets' love of peace (ideas of the type which prompted Cyrus Vance to say that Carter and Brezhnev shared "similar dreams and aspirations" for the world), but the American people w//1 remember...

...istic Russian youth burning draft cards or carrying placards to convince the Kremlin to "give peace a chance" or to stop the _9 Tom Wicker, for instance, in his New York Times column of January 4th entitled "A Risky Judgment," wrote that Moscow "may well have a tiger by the tail rather than a plum in its hands...

...Perhaps Kenneth L. Adelman served as Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (I976-1977) before becoming Senior Political Scientist of the Strategic Studies Center of SRI International...

...Soviets from napalming villages (now common in Afghanistan) or from lining up hundreds of Afghan political and religious leaders before Russian firing squads or to stop Soviet helicopter gunships from mow...

...They have also helped the American public (if not leaders) to recognize that there is evil loose in the world which succumbs neither to the seduction of American goodness--Carter's government "as kind and good and moral as the American people"--nor, unlike the postwar days, to the fear of American might...

...First, even at its best, the U.S...

...Yet the undeniable dynamism of the man is such that large segments of the press, the business community, and political professionals think he may be the only man capable of overcoming Ronald Reagan's lead and then beating the Democratic nominee in the general election...

...In 1780, Arnold, one of the most talented of George Washington's generals, switched sides in the Revolutionary War, abandoning his West Point command and joining the British...

...Needless to say, such operations, like the Soviet involvement in the takeover of Mecca's Grand Mosque, are more difficult for us to decipher than outright invasion, but easier for the Russians to effect...

...Instead, the CIA allowed administration officials to console senators all fail that nothing much was afoot in Afghanistan...

...forces in the area...

...Both this and Afghanistan were bald, crude examples of big-power aggression against barren little countries, to which outraged governments responded in futility...

...This essay is adapted from his new book, The Candid a t e s - 1980: A Professional Handicaps the Presidential Derby, published by Arlington House...

...Moreover, Soviet training maneuvers last summer and operational moves 12 THE AMERICAN SPECTATOR MARCH 1980 this winter proved that military capabilities there exist in practice as well as on paper...

...And so far, most grassroots Republicans seem to be treating him with the same mixture of awe and distrust that the British did Arnold...

...It is...

...It is hard to say, but any number of theories, of varying merit, have been advanced...

...There hasn't been any...

...And Henry Kissinger, whatever his foibles, is a formidable connoisseur of power and ego...

...The Iranian crisis provided cover for this move, much as the Suez crisis did for the Soviets' 1956 invasion of Hungary...

...My own reading is that Connally is weaker than he looks and that the same bluster that initialty won him headlines and big campaign contributions is starting to cost him votes and esteem--especially among cautious, slightly priggish Republican voters who, on top of everything else, find his speech and mannerisms unpleasantly reminiscent of Lyndon Johnson...

...Without differing from Kissinger's view of Connally as a leader, one can find serious reasons for questioning the current wisdom which rates the swaggering Texan as Ronald Reagan's leading challenger...

...Nor will the international community take up against the .Soviets where Carter leaves off...

...And this is one reason, among many, why the Carter administration will talk tough but do little, that is, will not provide the Afghans with the weapons they need, or slap on potent international sanctions, or seriously build up U.S...

...most intriguing is the theory of "aggressive defense" which suggests, in its crudest form, that the Russians invaded Afghanistan for stability...

...practiced militarily in Vietnam and as it is now practicing again, politically and economically, in Iran...

...Thus his description of John Connally in his recently published memoirs merits consideration as expert testimony: Highly intelligent, superbly endowed physically, he looked and acted as if he were born to Aram Bakshian, Jr., former aide to Presidents Nixon and Ford, writes frequently for The American Spectator...

...For today, at least, he must win primaries and firm inaction has propelled his popularity over the past months...

...His amiable manner never obscured the reality that he would not hesitate to overcome any obstacle to his purposes...

...At issue is the simple question: Can the West achieve a measure of energy serf-sufficiency before the Soviet Union and its friends gain control of the Persian Gulf...

...By invading, the Soviets hoped to prevent these Chinese-backed forces from "nibbling" them to death (as Sovietbacked forces did to us in Vietnam...

...Inhabiting territory which stretches for nearly 750 miles along the Persian Gulf, the Baluch have been fighting both Iran and Pakistan for independence since 1947...

...In this case, such "elements," parlaying Afghanistan and the Iranian crisis together, are at the front of a new pro-Americanism which will burn as the most important political force in the next several years...

...How much of Connally's strength is real, and how much of it is just a product of the masterful Texan's tall talking...

...Whatever one might think of his views, he was a leader...

...What is more, Afghanistan will now provide a base for clandestine operations, to subvert the Saudi royal family, for instance, or foster a coup in Oman, or help even more the Tudeh Party in lran...

...For the past couple years, Chinese advisors in Pakistan have been helping to train and equip Afghan rebels, who first fought the Afghan Marxists and who are now fighting Soviet forces...

...will not provide Afghan resisters with anything approaching the enormous weaponry the Russians poured into Vietnam...

...But then writers are strange anyway...

...So the invasion's timing at least may have been related to Defense Secretary Harold Brown's traveling to China, although it probably had more to do with our diplomats' languishing in Iran...

...Indeed, Russia has been the rapacious invader as often in history as the victim of invasion...

...Carter fears power and knows not how to use it...

...But, as Russian scholar Richard Pipes has noted, no state becomes a superpower and a vast empire spanning 11 times zones by enduring repeated invasions...

...There will be no ideal...

...Whereas the Russian-backed forces in Vietnam were well-disciplined, organized, and led, the Afghan resisters are not...

...If it comes to be, a "People's Republic of Baluchistan" might well establish a new capital at Gwadar (now part of Pakistan), an ancient port city with a natural harbor where the Soviets could establish a naval base...

...And many Western leaders are sure to allude to the " r e a l " hawks lurking in the Kremlin, much as President Carter did last year to bolster support for SALT If, and as President Truman did in 1945...

...In 1980, the Russian puppet Babrak Karmal carried on about the Baluch's "legitimate aspirations" in his first speech as Afghanistan's President...

...While this assault is conducted under the banner of "environmentalism," its fundamental animus is directed at American society-its values, its institutions, and, above all, its power (which is why those who oppose nuclear power plants today so often oppose nuclear weapons as well...

...His defection caused quite a stir at the time, but the British, ieary of trusting a turncoat, were afraid to give his talents full play, and so Arnold never again commanded a major army...

...The question of why the Soviets invaded Afghanistan is best referred to their designs in the region, which have been clear since the Hitler-Stalin Pact of 1939-1941, when Stalin's Foreign Minister Molotov demanded that the area "in the general direction of the Persian Gulf [be] recognized as the focal point of the aspirations of the Soviet Union...

...Similarly,Japan's foreign policy is so bound up with its economy that it will probably succumb to Soviet economic overtures...

...Many of our European allies, meanwhile, have a greater stake in d~tente than we do, especially West Germany: Bonn is not only Moscow's leading trading partner, but it also depends upon the Soviets' disposition for what movement "i" Such actions in Afghanistan, however, pale in comparison with some in Laos, where Moscow frequently spreads poison gas against the Meo tribesmen and afterwards sends in teams of scientists to gauge the medical effects...

...John Connally was never afraid of his opponents: he relished combat in defense of his convictions...

...as the champion of reaction and the citadel of counterrevolution, and the current drive against nuclear energy is merely the latest in a series of efforts aimed at dealing American power a deathblow--this time, via the economic route...

...Each conflict was eventually considered to be, as Neville Chamberlain said about Czechoslovakia in 1938, "in a far-away country between people of whom we know nothing...

...The Russians are now in a position to move in speedily during a crisis in the area or to preempt the Americans--who have far greater interests in the Gulf region than the Russians could ever have--from doing so...

...But he is also worried about his political position, and knows that any really strong action would send tremors through the left,, and most active, wing of the Democratic Party...

...In its most sophisticated form, it holds that the Soviets moved on this Muslim country to prevent religious fanaticism from spilling over into the USSR, where, demographers tell us, the Islamic population is growing inordinately fast...

...I t would be a real catastrophe if Stalin should die at the present time," Truman said that October, when the Soviets and Americans were alread), on a collision course, for he then considered Stalin a "moderating influence," a sentiment sure to reemerge in regard to Brezhnev later this year...

...Here power, not religion, prevails...

...Not that the Kremlin isn't fearful, especially of the Chinese...

...I n the new Age of Normalcy, then, another round of Soviet adventurism will undoubtedly ensue, although probably not another Afghanistan...

...At any rate, with the invasion we can now openly champion Afghan "freedom fighters" by providing weapons (for instance, anti-tank missiles and anti-aircraft missiles of the type Moscow gave African guerrillas to shoot down civilian airliners) which, combined with the harsh land and the rough ways of its people, would push up the Russian costs of invasion tremendously, and might lead some Russian soldiers to heed Kipling's advice in "The Young British Soldier": Even then, though, the chances are slight that Afghanistan will become Russia's "Vietnam," as so many American leftists are eager to suggest...

...and second, there is a cost to an invasion like this, not in the hand-slapping at the UN or in the tough-talking at the White House, but in the way it galvanizes what Pravda calls the "reactionary elements" within the U.S...

...In 1964, a Soviet scholar wrote a book on the Baluch in which he defined them as a separate nationality deserving of independence...