Andy's Martyrdom: The Sadness and the Junkets
Shattan, Joseph
Joseph Shattan ANDY'S MARTYRDOM: THE SADNESS AND THE JUNKETS An epitaph for the civil-rights movement. He had recently become president of a moribund civil-rights organization. His leadership was...
...Williams' hegira to Libya was undertaken to upstage Lowery, not to promote the gospel of nonviolence...
...In the euphoria of their venture into international politics, they seem to have assumed that their power base in the United States is unassailable...
...When the owlish Israeli diplomat, a Nazi concentration camp survivor, told Young that "it would be very difficult for the man on the street to believe that a meeting of this kind was purely accidental," Young changed his story...
...For these reasons, the "Young affair" is worth detailed consideration...
...Usually we sing that song about domestic issues...
...That Jackson, on the heels of his meeting with Carter, and his wife's meeting with Arafat, should also come out for a "Palestinian homeland," seemed quite a coincidence...
...The President had claimed that Young was instrumental in improving American relations with the nations of the Third World, yet at the Non-Aligned Conference in Havana these same nations vied with each other in denouncing the United States, and the only determined opponent of Soviet domination turned out to be...Tito...
...Just what Mao said...
...A conservative, democratic bastion allied to the United States and besieged by the forces of "progress"-how could Andrew Young possibly support it...
...From beginning to end," noted the Washington Post, "Jackson's tour was a carefully orchestrated media event, arranged in advance by an American publicist, Hal Sloan, and including all the trappings of an American political campaign- press bus, schedules and early baggage calls for the travelling media entourage...
...That Africans, Asians, and Latin Americans denounce the United States is not to be wondered at: Didn't the civil-rights movement denounce the American government during the sixties as well...
...If Jack O'Dell is a product of the Old Left, Andrew Young's political orientation derives from the New Left, or, rather, from the convergence of the New Left and the civil-rights movement...
...Although intimate familiarity with American politics had accustomed them to many of life's more bizarre aspects, political observers in the United States were somewhat at a loss to account for this sudden black brouhaha...
...Blazer's colleague, Raymond Mallei, charged that Jackson "has five or six sentences written down which he recites with a great show of emotion on every occasion, giving the impression that he is the chosen representative of the United States and of the caucus of American black congressmen...
...The truth is, Young never regarded himself as an American ambassador whose task it is to advance American interests as effectively as possible...
...The resignation of Andrew Young should have provided the occasion for a thorough discussion of his overall performance...
...To him, the Third World is merely an extension of Black America: poor, oppressed, virtuous...
...Rather, he saw himself as an emissary from the civil-rights movement temporarily ensconced in Turtle Bay...
...Nor were other members of the delegation better informed...
...Jews seem to have an unmatched sense of guilt for sins uncommitted, a fact that has motivated their singular humanitarianism and simultaneously made them the softest target in town...
...According to the New York Times, President Carter subsequently tried-unsuccessfully-to get Begin formally to receive the head of PUSH...
...Throughout the Third World-indeed, throughout the whole world-the chorus of ami-Americanism is growing more strident, more forceful, more self-confident...
...Jesse Jackson...
...Far from being an improvised and impassioned response to the Young affair, it was planned well in advance of Young's resignation, with the knowledge, and perhaps even the encouragement, of the White House...
...In a subsequent newspaper column, Rev...
...Jackson added even more "damning" details to his indictment of Jewry...
...Jesse Jackson's involvement with the PLO, on the other hand, is something else again...
...I could not say to anybody that given the same situation, I wouldn't do it again, almost exactly the same way...
...Wyatt Walker, SCLC liaison at the UN, "is that the Jews did this to Andy Young...
...Thus it happened that even as Fidel Castro has delivered the non-aligned movement into the Soviet orbit, so Andrew Young has led the civil-rights movement into the orbit of the New Left...
...More delicately put, he was induced to resign...
...Jackson's motives are harder to fathom...
...His international affairs adviser, Jack O'Dell, is more ideologically oriented...
...Jackson agreed...
...O'Dell had served as Martin Luther King's personal secretary until 1963, when he was dismissed after it became known that, in the fifties, he was the southern regional organizer for the American Communist Party...
...Middle East policy...
...to recognize the PLO...
...Two weeks after the Jackson speech, President Carter was quoted as comparing the Palestinian cause to the civil-rights movement...
...I really don't feel sorry for a thing I have done," he declaimed...
...They could sing that hymn, 'Marching to Zion...
...In the subsequent uproar, not a few blacks charged that "the Jews" had "gotten" Andy...
...That Jackson was seriously interested in the Palestinian issue first became evident in January 1978, when Jack O'Dell, international affairs director of PUSH, endorsed a statement circulated by the Palestine Human Rights Campaign, proposing the convening of a National Conference...
...When one of his Israeli interlocutors reminded the clergyman that blackmail is not a recognized form of moral suasion, Jackson replied, "Morality is a strong argument but, let's face it, the ultimate argument is power...
...The black preacher's first port-of-call was Israel, where he denounced Prime Minister Begin's refusal to meet with him as "racist...
...Suppose," he asked, "they had a hundred thousand refugees marching to Zion...
...Secretary of State Vance telephoned Young to find out what had really happened...
...Thus, after Vernon Jordan criticized unnamed black leaders for their flirtation with the PLO, the Rev...
...We were singing with an added dimension...
...Williams reported upon his return from Libya...
...The President knew he couldn't tolerate what Andy had done," said an unnamed White House official quoted in Newsweek...
...But wouldn't you join in a march like that...
...Why should several million murdered Jews cause so much excitement...
...None of this was said at the time of Young's dismissal because the black-Jewish confrontation overshadowed all else...
...Jackson's and Lowery's trips to the Middle East were also funded by the AAUG...
...Thus, having transformed defeat into victory by defying "The Man," Andrew Young, whose painful life-experience-he is the son of a dentist-enabled him to mouth the aspirations of the Third World, began packing his bags.* While Andrew Young was stage managing his final psychodrama as UN Ambas* In an interview with Jet magazine on September 13 Young revealed that he intended to establish a consultant service to be known as Young Ideas, Incorporated, "to help existing black organizations and black businesses...
...But their criticism, on the whole, was quite subdued...
...According to Tamari, Jackson seemed to believe that the Jordan river divided Israel from Lebanon, and spoke of the need for ending violence on "both sides of the Jordan," though in fact the Israel-Jordan border has been peaceful for some nine years now...
...It was strange," Lowery later recalled...
...Why should men of the cloth, spokesmen for nonviolence, colleagues of Martin Luther King, seek out this desperado...
...His leadership was under ferocious attack...
...They've got the money...
...At is certainly true that black leaders have exercised enormous power in America over the last ten years...
...On August 11, Newsweek magazine asked the State Department to comment on a report it had received that on July 26 UN Ambassador Andrew Young had conferred with the PLO's UN observer, Zehdi Terzi, in violation of long-standing American policy...
...That, perhaps, is his most notable achievement...
...Joseph Lowery, the head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, locked hands with PLO sachem Yasir Arafat in the latter's Beirut headquarters and intoned the anthem of the civil-rights movement, "We Shall Overcome," he had reason to be pleased with himself: His visit, widely reported in the media, was catapulting him to fame...
...By the time the convention had ended, the SCLC had found a new enemy -the Jews-and a new item for their agenda-the PLO...
...Other speakers echoed Jackson's theme...
...I a-am bound for the promised land, I a-am bound for the promised land...
...I can help your cause," he volunteered, "but you have to help my cause by putting your efforts behind the civil-rights movement...
...And when Jackson, in his turn, incited the SCLC convention against the power of the American Jewish community, he no doubt felt that he enjoyed at least the tacit support of the White House...
...Having defined American Jews as the principal obstacle to black progress, Jackson may hope to emerge as the only black leader who can intimidate them to the point where they will dampen their opposition to quotas, reverse discrimination, etc...
...In another meeting with Arab businessmen, reported in the October 17 New York Times, Jackson repeated his offer...
...Lowery, infusing his organization with a new sense of purpose, as the dust from the Young affair began to settle, the big winner, it seemed, was President Carter...
...I'm bound for the promised land...
...Williams tagged the dismissal a "putrid act," and vowed to wrest control of the SCLC from Lowery...
...By an odd coincidence, Andrew Young was scheduled to address the convention that very day...
...Bennett Smith, a PUSH leader who was also part of the delegation, Arafat told the group that "the American press, because of its Jewish bias, was not relating the truth about the PLO's struggle to regain their (sic) homeland...
...O-oh, who will come and go with me...
...Jewish involvement in the civil-rights movement was discounted-the Jews had merely acted in their own interest...
...Strange it most assuredly was...
...The Klan didn't move in on Andy," he thundered...
...That meeting, said Bayard Rustin, a veteran civil-rights leader and a colleague of Martin Luther King's, was the most racist and anti-Semitic he had ever attended...
...Nevertheless, Lowery informed his Washington Post interlocutor, he intended to go right on singing, and he advised the Palestinians to do likewise...
...In an interview with the Cox newspaper bureau later that day, Young denounced American policy toward Cuba, held the U.S...
...I'm bound for the promised land...
...Unable to attend, he had thoughtfully sent a replacement-the Rev...
...In 1979 the organization had suffered a further blow when its deposed executive director, the Rev...
...The United States is no longer a power to be reckoned with-even its ambassador rushes to denounce it...
...The scheduled heavyweight fight between John Tate, a black American, and Gerrie Coetzee, the white South African champion," he wrote, "represents humiliation to blacks and concerned whites around the world...
...Chagrined State Department officials, caught off guard by the Israeli disclosures, felt, with some justification, that their own ambassador had humiliated them-and not for the first time...
...Alas, it is in this category that Israel falls...
...There will be no lasting peace in the Middle East," he warned, "until a homeland for the Palestinian people is given the same weight of importance as our concern for the sovereignty of the national territory of the Lebanese people and a homeland for the Jews...
...Reportedly, the Palestinian issue was discussed...
...But we were a thousand miles from home-singing with these strange people...
...To the leaders of the Third World, the message was clear...
...On July 7, Jackson visited President Carter in connection with the latter's "energy summit...
...It seemed far from proper, and every once in a while commentators did emit a few bleeps of disapproval...
...Just a month before, Cabinet Secretaries Califano and Blumenthal were dismissed because, in the opinion of the Carter White House, they were overly independent...
...to change its "blind and arrogant" policies in the Middle East and to recognize "the just demands of the dispossessed Palestinian people...
...To be sure, Arafat is an indiscriminate killer: His victims include members of every race, creed, color, age, gender, and national origin, with the sole exception of Israeli soldiers, whom his gunmen tend to avoid...
...Moreover, he had won some new allies in his campaign to legitimize the PLO, a campaign begun when he assumed office in 1977...
...The bluster was directed at other black leaders as well as at Jews...
...O'Dell is also an official of the World Peace Council-a Soviet front-and served as American delegate to the Council in 1977...
...He had rid himself of his black albatross, yet had managed-by his own silence and by the backstage maneuvering of his aides-to avoid being blamed for Young's dismissal...
...Walker later dubbed the Palestinians "the niggers of the Middle East...
...They'd get turned back...
...Young's resignation provided other black leaders with an occasion to bluster and to threaten.f When Jesse Jackson, for example, was barnstorming Israel, his sermons to the Israelis centered around the theme of power: Unless their country recognized the PLO, he warned, American blacks would use their considerable political clout to cut off American aid...
...Jews were denounced for owning the banks which controlled the corporations which oppressed black people...
...In June 1979, Mrs...
...that he has access to the Carter White House, via Jesse Jackson, is a bit more surprising- not to say alarming...
...Yet as the Rev...
...Wyatt Walker declared that Jordan's statement "had brought to an end the masquerade of the Urban League as a civil-rights organization and of [Jordan] as a civil-rights leader...
...Jackson's visit to Israel was not, however, entirely without mishap...
...The perception on the street," said the Rev...
...Vance then contacted the White House and let it be known that he would leave the administration unless Young did...
...The issue was pretty clear: is Jimmy Carter in charge or not...
...Besides O'Dell, signatories of the PHRC statement included Noam Chomsky, Philip and Daniel Berrigan, and Dave Dellinger...
...This is going to worsen an already strained relationship...
...Indeed, the Soviet Union itself does not seem to concern him, except insofar as its activities provide a pretext for American "reactionaries" to press for increased defense expenditures...
...According to the Rev...
...Perhaps their restraint had something to do with the fact that the targets of their displeasure were black...
...Nor would Palestinians have to confine themselves to a single hymn...
...The purpose of his mission-for which he claimed divine sanction-was shrouded in mystery...
...The "real pressure," had come from "our former allies, the American Jewish community," who had replaced the Klan as the principal obstacle to black progress...
...The President, it seemed, was inciting civil-rights leaders to embrace the PLO...
...King and never accomplish anything meaningful...
...Not until September 23, over a month after the resignation, did Carter finally declare that no "American Jewish leader or anyone else" had urged him to dismiss Young...
...Lowery was being feted by the PLO in Lebanon, the Rev...
...He knew he had to take him out...
...To his outrageous, almost vindictively anti-American pronouncements, he claimed to bring the unique moral authority of the civil-rights movement, and hardly anyone from that movement was willing to dispute Young's claim...
...At a press conference whose ostensible purpose was to discuss the circumstances of his resignation, but whose real purpose, as Thomas Sowell observed, was to salvage his "macho" image, Young was defiant...
...In 1975, the World Peace Council awarded its Joliot-Curie medal to Yasir Arafat...
...Their power will soon follow...
...Here they are gravely mistaken...
...Young, however, suspecting that the Israelis were behind the report to Newsweek, approached Israel's Ambassador to the UN, Yehuda Blum, and repeated his fabrication to him...
...Now, his time had come...
...Young confirmed that he misled Maynes...
...Nonetheless, Arafat is a terrorist, ,his myrmidons had helped Idi Amin maintain his brutal reign of terror against African blacks, and (not least) he does head an organization whose avowed and unwavering purpose is the destruction of the state of Israel...
...Perhaps Bayard Rustin was near the mark when he attributed the attempt to link the question of the PLO with black-Jewish relations in general to a strategy "designed to win concessions from the Jews on other issues by threatening to build a constituency for the PLO in the U.S...
...We are the difference in Presidential elections...
...Then, in a gesture calculated to wring tears from a stone, Arafat flung his arms up in the air and implored the heavens, "Why are the Americans refusing to talk to us...
...And, of course, Jews were accused, again and again, of "getting" Andy...
...There's no way around it," said the senior White House aide...
...No sooner had Reverends Lowery and Williams left the Middle East than the Rev...
...The PHRC was launched in 1977 to promote anti-Israeli, pro-PLO propaganda...
...In short, Jack-son'.s visit to the Middle East, unlike Lowery's, seemed to enjoy a quasi-official status...
...Three days later, in a major speech before the eighth annual convention of PUSH in Cleveland, Rev...
...I see Young Ideas, Incorporated, as merely an extension of the civil-rights movement to help black people...
...He admitted that his meeting with Terzi was not accidental, and that they had discussed matters of substance, but he sought to dissuade Israel from protesting the meeting by warning Blum that any such protest would ignite an anti-Israel backlash among American blacks...
...culpable for the widening tragedy in Indochina, lambasted increased defense spending, and called on the U.S...
...It is sponsored by two Jews, Bob Arum in this country and Saul Kerznick of South Africa...
...Conspiratorially-minded observers-and, nowadays, whom does that not include?-wondered whether Young and Carter had not cut some sort of deal...
...Far from repudiating the smear, unnamed White House aides in fact endorsed it, while the President maintained a discreet silence...
...is coming to be perceived as a "loser...
...And if the Palestinians, not being black folks, were unacquainted with the lyrics, he, Rev...
...That O'Dell supports Arafat should therefore come as no surprise...
...The Israeli noted that his country had received a firm commitment that the United States would not negotiate with the PLO until the PLO recognized Israel...
...As the outspoken Israeli Defense Minister, Ezer Weizman, bluntly put it, the U.S...
...Joseph Shattan is a Hoover Fellow at the A?nerican Enterprise Institute...
...Andrew Brown, argued that the SCLC was a "victim of success...
...Young replied that, in his opinion, American commitments were not to be relied upon...
...refuses to recognize or negotiate with the PLO until that organization recognizes Israel's right to exist...
...As the cameras whirred and clicked away, the two men kissed and hugged, with the dumpy Arafat nuzzling his nose against Jackson's neck in the manner of an overly affectionate kitty cat...
...on the contrary, he joined in it...
...An aide to Jackson, for example, allowed that the group hoped to meet with Major Saad Haddad, leader of the embattled Christians in southern Lebanon, at the Allenby Bridge, which would have surely taken some doing inasmuch as the Allenby spans the border between Israel and Jordan...
...He didn't do his homework, and he got his geography mixed," said Salim Tamari, professor of sociology at Bir Zeit University on the West Bank...
...Now, even as Lowery was posing with Arafat, Williams was in Tripoli, with the announced purpose of conferring the "Decoration of Martin Luther King" on Colonel Muammar el-Quaddafi, the Libyan dictator not heretofore known for his espousal of Dr...
...Brother Quad-dafi and the Libyan people expressed a great desire to ally with the black American in eliminating racism and Zionism internationally and guaranteeing the freedom of all mankind regardless of their race, creed or religion," Rev...
...Black leaders, it was widely held, were the legitimate heirs of Martin Luther King, and, as such, shared in his moral stature...
...President Carter had already endorsed a "Palestinian homeland" in 1977, and his administration had gone to extraordinary lengths-all unavailing-to bring the PLO to the negotiating table...
...That left matters up to Carter...
...Young replied with a peculiarly convoluted rationale: "That was not a lie, it was just not the whole truth...
...We tend to support people who support us...
...Their demands, therefore, had to be met, even if the majority of their countrymen opposed them, even if-as on the issues of busing and quotas-the majority of blacks opposed them...
...President Carter's motive for promoting Jesse Jackson's pro-PLO crusade is transparent: Unable to legitimize the PLO himself, he is looking for someone else to do it for him...
...Now, just hours after the resignation, Jackson addressed the gathering...
...Jackson's rendezvous with Arafat was far more successful...
...There she met twice with Arafat...
...That the PLO is a Soviet client does not seem to trouble Young...
...Although he has ostensibly resigned from the Communist Party and is no longer listed on its National Committee, O'Dell is still an associate editor of Freedom ways, a Communist Party publication aimed at blacks...
...Already in 1977, a member of the Conference's board of directors, John Lewis, described the SCLC as "primarily a paper organization that might limp along for a thousand years on the image of Dr...
...Declaring that President Carter had a "moral obligation" to meet Arafat, he selflessly proffered himself as mediator between the United States and the PLO...
...Most of our leaders have gone on to other things...
...That's the next step," he predicted...
...Hosea Williams, opened a campaign to oust Lowery, or, barring that, to replace the SCLC with an organization of his own...
...We believe dialogue is very important...
...Williams, president of the Atlanta chapter of the SCLC, had served as executive director of that organization until last March, when Lowery fired him...
...During his tenure as ambassador, Young never raised his voice against this obscene clamor...
...While Rev...
...We do have 17 congressmen," declared Jackson...
...sador, the 22nd annual convention of the SCLC was in session in Norfolk, Virginia...
...Why, they wondered, did the successor to Martin Luther King link hands with Yasir Arafat...
...Jesse Jackson is a gifted hustler: If he thought it would profit him, he would pitch Israeli bonds to a Hadassah convention...
...Jesse Jackson-formerly of SCLC but now head of Operation PUSH (People United to Save Humanity), a black organization of rather broad scope whose newsletter modestly calls Jackson "the father of us all"-appeared on the scene...
...Regrettably, a number of black leaders are now in the process of destroying that respect...
...Rev...
...Not long into the trip, two Jewish members of the delegation denounced him...
...Andrew Young was fired...
...King's philosophy of nonviolence...
...Curiously, not one among the gaggle of journalists assembled for the occasion thought to ask Jackson how he presumed to speak for all black Americans...
...In the last analysis, black power is based on respect, the respect of white America...
...Even local Arabs, championed by Jackson, were taken aback by his ignorance...
...Lowery admitted that he had not yet discussed his proposed songfest with Yasir Arafat...
...The AAUG responded by giving $10,000 to PUSH...
...The State Department then issued a statement to that effect...
...They want black Americans to come to Libya with expertise," he averred...
...Nor is Jackson oblivious to the possible financial advantages which might accrue from supporting the Arabs...
...He lied to his government...
...While the SCLC was doing its best to incite a black-Jewish confrontation, black leaders such as Benjamin Hooks of the NAACP and Vernon Jordan of the National Urban League tried to defuse it...
...But by then the damage had been done...
...Rev...
...Jackson or to very many other black spokesmen...
...Be that as it may, Carter's adroit handling of Young's dismissal was not altogether without cost: He has most likely incurred the lasting enmity of the Jewish community, whose repeated entreaties to set the record straight he persistently ignored...
...Some commentators attributed the black foray into Middle Eastern affairs to a very un-Christian-like passion for revenge...
...We do have 15 million eligible voters...
...On August 16, Ambassador to the United Nations Andrew Young submitted his resignation to President Carter...
...Evidently, that question has not occurred to Rev...
...Granted, there are some Asian and African nations who support the United States, just as there are "Uncle Toms" in the black community who support "Whitey": These nations are particularly despicable...
...Instead of telling Young to shove it and riding out the hot air gale, Jewish leaders rushed to organize rap sessions with blacks...
...He said he needed some [American] persons to tell the real situation...
...Furthermore, before leaving on his trip to the Middle East, Jackson once again conferred with Carter...
...For instance, "we would be able to say to the Arab world there is no reason why you should only put money in white banks, there are some significant black banks....Why don't you spend some of that money in the black banks...
...The theme of the gathering was "An Agenda for Survival: The Critical 80's," and the title was quite apt...
...Jackson, accompanied by O'Dell and a number of other blacks, visited Beirut, reportedly at the invitation of, and funded by, the Association of Arab-American University Graduates...
...Another board member, the Rev...
...The highest national interest, Jackson declared, requires a "thorough reassessment" of U.S...
...Lowery, would be pleased to instruct them: "O-oh, who will come and go with me...
...And how could he not support the PLO, an organization whose concern for the brotherhood of man is so intense that it has extended a fraternal hand to the IRA, the Baader-Meinhof gang, the Red Brigades, the Sandinistas, the saintly Khomeini, and the former president of the Organization for African Unity, Idi Amin...
...Although the black-Jewish confrontation had come as something of a godsend to Rev...
...William Maynes, Assistant Secretary of State for International Organizations, queried Young and was assured by the ambassador that his encounter with Terzi had been purely fortuitous...
...On previous occasions, Young had declared that hundreds, if not thousands, of political prisoners languished in American jails, that Cuban troops were a stabilizing force in Africa not unlike the Peace Corps, that the virulently anti-American Ayatollah Khomeini was in fact a saint, and that the judicial process in Florida resembled the campaign of mass executions in Iran...
...In a meeting with Arab representatives, reported the Christian Science Monitor on September 25, Jackson laid it on the line: Unless there is an immediate infusion of Arab funds into the black community, he warned, "there will be no black leader left" willing to support the PLO...
...He is a dangerous man," said Philip Blazer, "whose alliances are less a matter of moral persuasion and more a matter of personal gain...
...Lowery's espousal of the Palestinian cause, and his subsequent visit with Arafat, seem to be little more than the ad hoc responses of a floundering leader trying to keep himself and his organization afloat...
...Jackson would be well-advised to consult an atlas...
...He was heartsick about it...
...By the time Jackson left Israel, Jews and Arabs there both concurred that before bringing peace to- the Middle East, Rev...
...But when the heirs of Martin Luther King endorse terrorists, when they engage in open and virulent anti-Semitism, when hardly anyone among them has the courage to denounce black demagoguery, can the moral stature of the civil-rights movement remain unimpaired...
...Soon after Young's meeting with Blum, Israel formally challenged the State Department's version of the Young-Terzi meeting, citing Young's own testimony...
...The Reverend's own behavior seemed to confirm his detractors' gibes...
...that Young had stayed on then was due only to the color of his skin...
...Hosea Williams was leading a delegation of his own in Libya...
...Unsure of its own purpose, financially insolvent, and beset with a major factional struggle, the SCLC had gathered in convention to chart its course when the news of Young's resignation broke...
...Did that include lying to the State Department, some mean-spirited soul asked...
...Since Martin Luther King's assassination in 1968, the survival of the SCLC had been in considerable doubt, and part of the problem has had to do with the organization's manifest inability to develop a coherent agenda for action...
...In mending their fences with Moscow, Third World leaders have merely done the logical thing...
...Prominent blacks were already committed to the PLO, black-Jewish relations were irreparably damaged, and, for the first time since the Second World War, political anti-Semitism had become more than a marginal phenomenon...
...The Jewish rush to 'reconciliation' with blacks provided a kind of legitimacy to the squalid accusation...
...Given such a reading of the issue, the President's decision was almost inevitable...
...The Holocaust was denigrated-hadn't blacks suffered more...
...Their power, however, is of a peculiar variety, derived as it is not so much from the actual economic and political resources of the black community as from what Father Andrew Greeley has justly called "moral intimidation...
...The black-Jewish conflict, Hooks told a press conference on August 17, "is not the issue at all.'' To Lowery and Jackson, however, the black-Jewish conflict was precisely the issue, and on August 22 they convened an emergency meeting of black leaders to discuss it...
...The U.S...
...Unfortunately," columnist John Roche later observed, "the Jewish community hit the panic button...
...Ap-parcndy, Jackson's principles have a price tag...
...It is an offshoot of the Association of Arab-American University Graduates, a small organization a number of whose members either sit on the Palestine National Council, the governing body of the PLO, or have close ties to the PLO leadership...
...Jackson called on the U.S...
...They could sing a song black folks sing-On Jordan's stormy banks I cast a wishful eye, to Canaan's fair and happy land, where my possessions lie...
...Similarly, Rev...
Vol. 12 • December 1979 • No. 12
