Eurocommunism, the Italian Sausage
Manor, F.S.
"Eurocommunism, the Italian Sausage" along the Gate, is normally off limits to photographers. The Brandenburg Gate straddles Unter den Linden, or rather it used to. That broad boulevard now stops abruptly several hundred yards...
...Fifteen years ago he would not have been so reticent...
...Because agriculture has been badly neglected, the large quantities of meat the Italians now consume have to be imported from abroad...
...Richard Hanser The Holy Writ Kit I f you like to read training-manuals, you'lllove the Good News Bible...
...He said that, "under Fascism, people were forced to join the Fascist Party to keep their jobs, their livelihood...
...These three versions ofv...
...And in a show of union solidarity, the Italian equivalent of the Newspaper Guild will always side with the printers or technicians...
...This desire for recognition, for re-insurance against a new Soviet Praguetqe is probably quite genuine...
...Be that as it may, pharmaceutical companies, and even caterers supplying food for patients, now deal with hospitals solely on a cash-on-delivery basis...
...Am I speaking to the future foreign minister of Italy...
...The trains are clean, punctual, cheap and their food is quite excellent...
...They cannot forget the power of the Church--a "stabilizing power," as Mr...
...They also attribute their rival's success to the disintegration of the Italian middle class, 34 percent of which votes Communist...
...The media are completely in their hands--no anti-Communist article can be published because the printers won't print it, and no antiCommunist feature can be broadcast because the technicians will not allow it...
...It is also one of the few countries where service--in the oldfashioned, non-demeaning sense--still exists...
...Rubi about the interview...
...To many this did not seem like much of an improvement, clarifying no doctrinal point and improving the sentiment in no discernible way...
...Indeed, Italy is so beautiful, pleasant, and full of charming surprises that a person who does not read the local newspapers and keeps away from the universities and industrial districts will F.S...
...Rubi wondered why none of its representatives has been invited to visit Canada...
...It is, therefore, no wonder that the young unemployed, together with the unemployable (and often unteachable) students, provide willing recruits for the criminal and terrorist gangs that plague Italy...
...It can be said with confidence that no similar remark will ever be made about the Good News Bible...
...the hospitals are deeply in debt because the mutual health insurance corporations--including those run by the labor unions--have not been paying their bills...
...As a cultural event of our times, the Good News Bible has not attracted nearly the attention it so clearly deserves...
...A book had been loosed on the public whose statistics make the most ardent brags of lay publishers look pathetic...
...I inquired courteously...
...the French liberated them from the Austrians...
...His father nodded glumly, "You think so...
...A Christian Democratic professor told me that although the Communists are not yet in power, "our intellectuals have already jumped on their bandwagon...
...Craxi, that the nature of Communism is changing...
...Yet it was the same professor who remarked that for 30 years young generations of Italian Communists have been accustomed to democracy and freedom of expression...
...What he did not foresee was that the ruin would not come from Communism, but from an earthquake...
...attended Institute for Bible Translators in Thailand," and the like...
...courts do not function...
...The bosses of the big unions are largely Party members and will loyally follow Party orders...
...When, in May, the minority Christian Democratic government presented to the Italian parliament a draft bill that would tighten the incredibly lax regime in Italy's prisons--prisoners come and go, arms are brought in, every prisoner seems entitled to make private telephone calls--the leftwing parties amended it out of all recognition...
...This, too, is one of Italy's perplexing contradictions...
...Like the others, I bought ice cream from a nearby vendor and draped myself restfully over the barricade before resuming my stroll...
...His background, we are told, includes a tour of duty as "professor of New Testament, South Brazil Theological Seminary...
...Italy has a serious law-and-order problem, the third--moral-component of the crisis...
...Gasoline has already been rationed by price-it costs $3.50 a gallon--and traffic in Rome has dropped by 20 percent, if one is to believe official statistics rather than one's own eyes...
...but a better translation would be a challenging: "Well...
...But how is the Party to sell austerity to voters who for years were lured with visions of more and more...
...In Italy, there is no doubt about the Communist Party's desire to be independent and, strangely enough, to become respectable...
...Rubi what will happen if the French Popular Front wins next year's election...
...It is nowhere as bad as in New York, or Detroit, or Belfast for that matter...
...For more than three and a half centuries its language and its images have penetrated more deeply into the general culture of the English-speaking world, and been more dearly treasured, than anything else ever put on paper...
...Six of the seven translators have been overseas missionaries...
...Nevertheless, he continued, its function has become known as anti-Soviet, and no member of the Italian Communist Party could be expected to engage in an anti-Soviet propaganda broadcast over an anti-Soviet radio station...
...One of the most important reasons for the Communist Party's strength in Italy is that it has become the party of the middle class...
...Passes are evidently issued only to the soldiers who man the observation posts or patrol in twos and threes near the Wall...
...That's why they built the Wall...
...Rubi...
...A "team" of seven translators was organized under the Rev...
...Simon & Schuster...
...The trial had to be postponed, having already claimed one victim: The president of the Turin bar association had been assassinated a few days before the trial was due to begin, and the terrorists claimed "credit" for his murder...
...Rather, it lies in the Byzantine intricacies of Italian politics...
...Obviously, as long as the police are not under Communist control they will remain powerless...
...That broad boulevard now stops abruptly several hundred yards before the boundary...
...The Communists have fostered this delusion...
...Because of a favorable rate of exchange, Italy is one of the few truly inexpensive countries in Western Europe, perhaps the only one...
...In Italy confusion reigns supreme, and this applies as much to the Italian Communist Party as to any other group...
...In France, Georges Marchais is a recent convert from Stalinism who hates America and uses his new "democratic" image to reach power...
...The Communists, however, do not seem to share this enthusiasm...
...I asked Mr...
...The Socialists are determined to push their program through even at the cost of a new election...
...They, too, would like to be the big, tough boys, but somehow lack the essential ruthlessness...
...On the day set for the trial a mysterious epidemic broke out among the jurymen summoned for duty...
...An Italian acquaintance remarked to me that the Byzantines themselves could never have risen to the heights of intrigue and deviousness which inform Italian politics...
...This, the Communists claim, would be unfortunate...
...hence the unwonted consumption of meat (up to a few years ago Italians were not big meat eaters...
...Italy's present crisis has been described as economic, social, and moral...
...It was first developed in 1956 by Palmiro Togliatti, then secretary-general of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), in the context ofNikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization...
...The utopian ideology remains, and the vision of a typical Communist apparat~hik --such as Professor Radice--of "socialism within democracy and freedom" remains sketchy, basically informed with unchanged Marxism-Leninism...
...Spock as the all-time best seller...
...They do not want a premature election, which they could lose...
...If Italian Communists receive such flattering invitations from the United States, why not from Canada...
...It seems a modest f~orecast...
...When the New Testament was published separately in this translation in 1966, under the title of Good News for Modem Man, it promptly knocked off Dr...
...The Christian Democrats, having been elected on an anti-Communist platform, are ready to consult the Communists and involve them in drafting legislation, but will not have them in the government...
...During the hour or so that I spent there, I heard at least five youngsters observe that the birds flying overhead did not mind the Wall...
...It is no wonder that the Communists are reluctant to assume power...
...he was very uncomfortable about it, but his dialectics were superb...
...In the bad old days," a Venetian friend explained, "the Venetians would come to the square every night and snare a few pigeons for the pot...
...Among their number was Lancelot Andrewes, Dean of Westminster and Bishop of Winchester, who, on no less an authority than T.S...
...Mencken spoke for most literate men when he called it "probably the most beautiful piece of writing in any language...stupendous...
...and as I watched the pretty girls painting their fingernails in loyal Party colors, or chatting on the office telephone with friends, I began to wonder whether the stern Communist Party I once knew has indeed been infected with la dolce vita...
...At present they are assiduously cultivating their image...
...In May, a number of terrorists, charged with multiple murders, kidnappings, and bank hold-ups, were to be tried by the Turin Assizes...
...Here the exclamation point has disappeared, and rightly...
...So he was...
...Let me quote a few instances to substantiate these doubts...
...But its basic aim is to "restructure" the free-enterprise system--s,perare, to overcome it, was the term used I:," Mr...
...But the Honorable Antonio Rubi spread his hands in mock denial, and with a deprecating laugh dismissed my compliment: "So far, nobody's talking about ministerial posts...
...So far...
...without parallel in American publishing history...
...According to the RSV people, what he said was: "How Forceful are honest words...
...The Church is pragmatic, the Communists have become pragmatic...
...When I speak of confusion, I refer to the pays politique, not to thepays rielwhere, at least from the visitor's point of view, things function considerably better than they did, say, three years ago...
...They know they will have great trouble convincing the unions of the need for belt-tightening...
...But now that Eurocommunism has become the great fashion in Western Europe, Italian Communists are claiming an even longer pedigree for their enlightened views, attributing them to the Party's Founding Father, Antonio Gramsci...
...The Socialists resent their defeat and blame it on the "monopoly of opposition" the Communists have enjoyed for three decades...
...I pointed to the tiny number of Canadian Communists, who probably do not have the funds to indulge in such luxuries, but Mr...
...The Communist Party may indeed parade as the protector of the small businessman and the patriotic investor, even as the guardian of the sanctity of private property...
...If a Communist-Socialist coalition assumes power in France, "our Socialist comrades will clamor for a similar government to assume power in Italy...
...Those who actively opposed Fascism ended up in prison...
...The Communists allege that the mutuals made unwise investments and lost money that should have gone to the hospitals...
...Mark's Square in Venice amazed at the monstrous increase in the pigeon population...
...When last heard from it had passed the 50,000,000 mark--a record Richard Hanser, of Mamaroneck, New York, wrote the NBC television specials The Coming of Christ, He is Risen, andThe Law and the Prophets, and is the author of Jesus: "What Manner of Man is This...
...The phrasing of it in English was chosen by the translators of the King James Bible, the Authorized Version, and the words themselves, placed in that order, seem both right and forcible...
...Nor, on the other hand, can the Vatican abandon the masses of Communist voters, who comprise a majority of the faithful, or forget about the Catholics of Eastern Europe...
...There is no doubt that things have changed...
...A few days before my visit to the Street of Obscure Shops, Professor Lombardo Radice, one of those intellectuals (he is a mathematician) who adds luster to Italian Communism, had his now famous interview with Radio Free Europe (the full text of which was published in the May 1977 issue of Encounter...
...Were the earlier Bibles bad news...
...Instead, the lobby is populated with presentable and extremely polite young men flirting with the even more present" Philosophers' Stone: A reputed solid substance or preparation supposed by the alchemists to possess the property of changing other metals into gold or silver....Being identified with the ELIXIR, it had also, according to some, the power of prolonging life indefinitely, and of curing all wounds and diseases...
...Another youngster observed, "Our world looks nicer, doesn't it...
...How forcible are right words, t'' as Job was saying a few thousand years ago, and to this day most reasonable men would agree that it is a true saying well put...
...The social crisis has affected public services: The mails are slow and unreliable...
...I have, therefore, grave doubts whether the conversion to democracy of these present-day Marranos is more than skin-deep...
...Probably, the differences are mainly tactical rather than ideological: Despite all their professions of change, development, and adaptation to democracy, the Italian Eurocommunists have retained basic Marxist-Leninist beliefs and a desire to remain members in good standing with the world Communist movement...
...and the new Socialist program for joint action specifically demands measures against such "pseudo-foreign" broadcasts...
...For 30 years my father expected a Communist regime to take power in Italy...
...Originally, Radio Free Europe had an anti-Soviet function although, Mr...
...An older couple, grandparents with memories of grimmer times, nervously shushed their curious grandchild...
...It was startlingly different not only from the fortress-like mentality of old but also from the aura of defeat that seemed to pervade the headquarters of the Italian Socialist Party where, on the night before, I had a long discussion with the Honorable Bettino Craxi, the Party's new secretary-general...
...The left-wing parties could hammer together a majority in the Italian parliament...
...Who, even in Byzantium, could have invented the current political term "Parties of no non-confidence" (partiti di non-sj~ducia) to describe those in the Italian parliament who keep the minority Christian Democratic government in power by abstaining from votes of non-confidence...
...Three years ago, I had an appointment at the offices of the Manufacturers' Association, but since in Rome an address on the Via delle Botteghe Oscure means only one thing, the taxi-driver deposited me outside the Communist Party headquarters...
...The Italian Communists are not interested in any such narrow Party functions...
...Only the Christian Democratic Party can perform this service, and the Communists will not become involved in any joint government venture unless the Christian Democrats first offer them a helping hand...
...Herein lies the schizophrenia that affects the Italian Communists...
...Moreover, with the exceptions of the Allies in 1945 (and even here the left-wing parties propagate a myth of their own) and the French in 1859, each liberator promptly took the place of the defeated oppressor...
...The Party has always had its independent spirits who, like the rabbi in Fiddler on the Roof, wanted the Marxist deity to keep the Soviet Tsar, but to keep him at a safe distance...
...On the other hand, the badly beaten Socialists--who for more than ten 18 The Alternative: An American Spectator August/September 1977 years formed the Center-Left coalition with the Christian Democrats--refuse to join the government unless the Communists provide them with a fig-leaf...
...If you left Italy in 1953 you'll not recognize our Party," the foreign affairs spokesman of the Italian Communist Party told me...
...It is, say the official announcements, "a common-language, dynamic-equivalent translation...
...Rubi admitted--and this is yet another paradox of Italian politics--that for the Communists such a victory would present a problem...
...At present, the Italian Communist Party is a coalition of two movements: the Eurocommunists, who for the moment have the upper hand, and the dour Muscovite faction that for the time being is staying out of sight and keeping its own counsel...
...A thousand years of alien rule does not make for a loyal or trusting citizenry...
...A number of children asked their elders about West Berlin, barely visible in the distance...
...Haunted by the spectre of Allende, the Italian Communists argue that they cannot rule against the will of half the people...
...The translators were steeped in a language inherited from Chaucer and Wycliffe, and were contemporaries of Shakespeare himself...
...I asked Mr...
...They want to become salonfdhig and enter Western society, and for this they need a respectable chaperon to introduce them to the British, the Germans, and, above all, the Americans...
...Laughable...
...Something more or less emphatic was still being said...
...I offer it as a suitable consolation...
...A day after Italian justice had proved unable to function, five Mafia kidnappers and murderers, awaiting trial, walked out of a Milan prison brandishing machine-pistols that had been smuggled in, entered cars waiting for them oats/de the prison gates, and disappeared into the blue...
...The retention of the exclamation point, however, seemed reasonable...
...Manor is senior editorial writer for the Winnipeg Free Press...
...The economic crisis is reflected in the balance-ofpayments deficit, and in the budgetary deficit caused largely by the indexation of wages and low productivity...
...When I explained my quest, he flicked his thumb dismissively in the direction of the rival power and watched me suspiciously as I crossed the road...
...The museums, which during my last visit were closed because of a lack of supervisory personnel, are again open, providing perpetual delight...
...The publishers of the Good News Bible anticipate a sale of 10,000,000 copies during the first year alone...
...Prominent Party members have been invited to the Unked States by various official and influential bodies that have no links with the American Communist Party...
...However, this should not be exaggerated...
...When the Communists are in power, even the paving stones in Rome will be Communist...
...Eliot, ranks as one of the great masters of English prose...
...An independent Italian television station--democratic, anti-totalitarian, and thus anti.Communist--was set up in Monte Carlo to provide the Italian viewing public with a choice...
...His reply was: "We would choose the Soviet side, of course...
...But in these voters' eyes Italian Communism has little in common with any type of socialism...
...Rubi described it--or overlook the fact that a large number of Communist .voters attend Mass each Sunday...
...The caf6s are full, and the little restaurants off the main tourist circuit are crowded with Italians still carefully selecting their menus and gravely consulting the proprietor about his wine...
...The aim of the new translation is to put the Bible into "the natural English of everyday adult conversation" in order to reach those unable to cope with the bafflements and pitfalls of previous translations...
...of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary...
...It is a fascinating game, and the outcome is anybody's guess...
...And now, with the mounting balance-of-payments deficit, those frozen chickens of consumerism have come home to roost on the very roof of the palace in the Street of Obscure Shops...
...The infidel H.L...
...But it will be a different matter on the shop-floor...
...Professor Radice was asked whether in a grave international crisis a Communist.ruled Italy would remain loyal to NATO...
...The impression is unmistakable...
...But the makers of the Revised Standard Version, for reasons of their own, did not think that Job had chosen just those words...
...There are a million students at the Italian universities, far more than the country can absorb...
...On a pleasant day in August, I was one of hundreds of visitors to this spot...
...Nothing is left to exclaim over in this limp reduction of what began as a vigorous and perceptive remark...
...We've changed...
...never realize the gravity of the crisis convulsing the country...
...It may now be difficult to silence them and impose "democratic centralism...
...and so does the gasoline for all those cars that disfigure the lovely piazzas of Italian cities...
...Its very title strikes a huckstering note...
...They would be willing to renew their old coalition with the Socialists, but the Socialists will not join without the Communists...
...Its own sponsors seem intent on clothing it in the drabbest and least fetching raiments possible...
...But this is not the true explanation of the present tactics of the Italian Socialists...
...For instance, Professor Radice, in the interview broadcast over Radio Free Europe, could not envisage anybody voting against the Communists once they had assumed power in Italy and introduced a "superior civilization...
...Like many another advertising catch-phrase, "dynamic-equivalent" has a contrived and flatulent sound and no precise meaning...
...Italian Socialists, like those in so many Western countries, are fascinated with Communism...
...The Communists have refused to consent to grant the Italian police certain vital, emergency powers, including that of wiretapping...
...The realm of King James was combed for scholars "skilful in the tongues" at a time when the English language was reaching new, and still unsurpassed, heights of richness, variety, musicality, and beauty...
...25, Chapter VI, of the Book of Job can stand as a handy paradigm, a brief but indicative synopsis, of the untiring efforts of a succession of pious drudges over the years to make Holy Writ sound like something intended for use in a remedial reading class...
...It sounds too trite to be true, but apparently that's the obvious thing to notice...
...While I was having my interviews, my wife walked alone all across Rome, something she would not have been able to do in, say, Washington...
...Other members of the team rejoice in similar scholarly distinctions--" Assistant Professor, Taejon Presbyterian College, Korea...
...Now there is no such compulsion, yet the educated classes are rushing to take out their Party cards...
...the Austrians from the Spanish...
...The children didn't mean anything political...
...In Italian this means "Tell me...
...Craxi had had a busy day, his party having just launched a new political maneuver--"opened a crisis," as it is called in Italian political jargon--with the explicit aim of bringing the Communists into the government...
...During my interview at the Communist Party headquarters, Mr...
...Oxford English Dictionary) The Alternative: An American Spectator August/September 1977 17 able young women, who flit around, or sit in their offices with legs crossed, putting varnish on their nails...
...The Communists are well aware that it will require a strong close of austerity to restore some order to Italy's economy...
...Nonetheless, political terrorism, ofteia loosely linked with the indigenous Cose Nostre, does pose a threat, and recently left-wing terrorists have been able to challenge the rule of law and defy the power of the state...
...It is a vision that is not cornpatible with the Western concept of human liberty...
...With my briefcase and my Borsalino hat I looked eminently bourgeois, and as soon as I descended from the cab I was surrounded by four or five stocky, muscular men, one of whom stuck out his chin in my direction and spat out: "Diea...
...The Street of the Obscure Shops has the distinction of housing not only the headquarters of the Italian Communist Party but also that of the Italian Manufacturers' Association...
...Don't be like my father," he said...
...The long pedigree of Italian Communist independence is not entirely spurious, as I can testify from my own experience of 25 years ago...
...Nor can one forget that the present Italian state is only a century old...
...unemployment is growing...
...On the following day the homes of two staff writers of this newspaper were fire-bombed...
...He was, for eight years, the Italian correspondent for the Times of London...
...Welfare services are overburdened by substantial unemployment among the young and women...
...I-1 F.S...
...The Italian Communists may not be ready to assume power, but they are assiduously working "from the bottom upwards...
...One feels to have blundered into an important department of the Italian government, the atmosphere being the same typical mixture of nonchalant indolence and industrious paperwork: Files are carried from office to office...
...This unenviable task has been left to the Socialist comrades, who in their draft program, on which an aU-party consensus is to be based, propose strict rationing of meat, of natural gas for heating, and of gasoline...
...Now, with sounding brass and tinkling cymbal, comes still another grope at what old Job was really saying back there in the land of Uz amid the sore afflictions the Lord was laying on him...
...Hospitals do not function...
...they just knew that one is supposed to stay away from the Wall...
...For the Authorized Version a different procedure was followed...
...Because so many Italians distrust their government they vote Communist...
...Rubi quickly added (in the spirit of Helsinki), it now does provide some factual information...
...Something called the Good News Bible, the most recent overhaul of the traditional text, opts for: "Honest words are convincing...
...Robert Galveston Bratcher, a Th.D...
...A current advertisement in the book trade shouts: 15"0,000 Copies In Print...
...What this group of scholars produced was a literary miracle...
...Every one of them appeared with a medical certificate attesting that he was unfit for jury duty...
...Despite my reasonable qualifications and my long-time association with Italian politics, the search for this particular philosophers' stone proved as elusive as that of the alchemists of yore...
...Now they go to the supermarket and buy a frozen chicken, or a steak...
...I recall how a few years ago I stood on St...
...To understand Italy one has to understand her history: The Allies liberated the Italians from the Nazis...
...In the evening we strolled round the Piazza del Popolo, up to the Pincio public gardens, and through the narrow streets to Via Veneto to enjoy a coffee or an ice cream and watch the world go by, pleasures no longer available in most North American cities...
...It is consumerism pure and simple...
...The Socialists alone seem to have done with pragmatism...
...A young mother explained to her son, "That's where the fascists and militarists live," helping the boy to find his bearings by what he had learned in school...
...The American Bible Society supervised everything...
...But if "dynamic-equivalent" is supposed to mean vigorous and forceful, a few random comparisons of the style and phrasing of the Authorized Version with those of the Good News Bible will quickly establish which of the two has more vigor and force...
...During the unenlightened days that stretched up to three years ago, the two powers would glower at each other across the narrow street...
...As it emerged from committee, the bill would give prisoners even more freedom than they now enjoy...
...The most rewarding conversations to eavesdrop on turned out to be those involving children...
...prisons serve as headquarters for both the Mafia and political terrorists...
...and when veteran Communist labor leader Luciano Lama attempted to address a left-wing students' meeting on the Rome University campus last spring, he had to flee for his life, chased by the Maoist mob...
...the economy is going downhill...
...People have voted Communist with the expectation that the Party would make it possible for them to consume more and for their political opponents (who may include a boss, a neighbor, or a mother-in-law) to consume less...
...Manor Eurocommunism, the Italian Sausage The Italian Communists may not be ready to assume power, but they are assiduously working "from the bottom upwards...
...The Communist Party favors the "historical compromise," not an Italian version of the Popular Front...
...The dread disease, as a Venice newspaper remarked, was stark fear...
...Later, he slightly modified the answer, but the cat was out of the bag...
...As far as the Church is concerned, the days of strident anti-Communism are over...
...Let us dip 20 The Alternative: An American Spectator August/September 1977...
...The Italian Communist Party describes itself as a "law-andorder party," yet it refuses to assist the minority government in tackling the growing problem of political terrorism, even though some of the left-wing terror is directed against the Communists...
...It was a tour de force, but it was also very disconcerting...
...The heavies may still be around, but ff so they are kept well out of sight...
...Like Risorgimento, Renaissance, and Roman Catholicism, Eurocommunism was born in Italy...
...Rubi dismissed this as irrelevant...
...He continually feared the worst, a complete ruin, nationally and personally...
...Enrico Berlinguer, the Party chief, is on the assassination list of the Maoist guerrillas...
...It was silenced through intimidation of the relay stations...
...the Spanish from the Angevins--for a thousand years it was always somebody else liberating Italy...
...Now I wonder whether they have built an underground passage between the two headquarters, the better to coordinate their remarkably convergent policies...
...hence the car on every doorstep...
...They want action now, action that would settle once and for all their love-hate relationship with the Communists...
...The end of the thoroughfare is marked by a modest roadblock and signs warning that the well kept lawn ahead is a restricted border zone, not to be entered without a special pass...
...an entire suite is marked "post-office...
...How wide the divisions between the two factions are is difficult to estimate...
...Postscript: The son of my Italian friends, who had perished in last year's Friuli earthquake, chided me for my pessimism...
...The Alternative: An American Spectator August/September 1977 19 I cannot share the conviction of the Italian Socialists, as expressed by Mr...
...Since Italy is the cradle of this new, rapidly spreading creed, I decided to travel to Rome to discover the philosophers' stone" of Eurocommunism in the Via delle Botteghe Oscure--the Street of Obscure Shops (or shady deals, ff you will) that is the Italian Communist Party's own Vatican...
Vol. 10 • August 1977 • No. 10
