DATE LINES

...The state agency that governs labor relations with public employees ruled, in part, that teaching assistants are not employees because the educational value of teaching outweighs its economic value to graduate students...

...Kathryn Anderson, a longtime peace activist and member of Women Against Military Madness, agrees, saying it was a success on two counts...

...There were eight policemen with handbags and I put three of my men on each so they couldn't plant things...

...Two nights later, some men tried to climb the wall...

...We were the only one," says Mariana Rubin...

...He was charged with photographing the assassination of Anastasio Somoza, the former dictator of Nicaragua who had been living in exile in Asuncion...

...All indications so far, however, are that the administration is serious about negotiating...

...The government couldn't face criticism or investigation...

...No," was the response...

...Does that make them not workers...

...That, Zuccolillo adds, was "four years, eleven months, and twenty days" before Stroessner's fall...

...Some skeptics have pointed out that the university has talked with AGSE before—with no results...

...after that, I put on guards full-time...

...Opposing them were several hundred antiwar demonstrators, who held banners and giant puppets and engaged in civil disobedience to protest the invasion as a "glorification of war...

...The last drop" for ABC Color came, he says, when the paper ran an interview with an opposition leader...

...If anyone in Duluth wasn't aware that militarism is an issue here, they certainly know it now...

...After the paper was shut, Zuccolillo was kept under house arrest and, he says, "A guy was sent to my home to search for communist pamphlets and books...

...We're interested in migratory birds," says Audubon scientist Jan Beyea...

...The agreement has tremendous significance, for the other UC campuses and for graduate student unions throughout the country," says Massenburg...

...It's disturbing to hear a state agency talk that way," Patt says...

...Begun by Humberto Rubin in 1962, the station now employs his twenty-six-year-old daughter Mariana as a writer-producer...

...In mid-September 1980 he went to Asuncion as a staff writer for La Tribuna...

...And, as the undergraduate population grew, the university enlarged class sizes, thus increasing TA work load and decreasing teaching quality...

...It was completely innocent and the policeman who came to get me said he didn't see anything offensive in this interview, but there was a red line around it, and they took me to jail for eight days before they shut down the newspaper...

...Boulder, a Navy ship, and the Marine contingent plan to visit twenty-one Great Lakes cities during 1989, conducting similar assaults in each...

...But the development by the government-owned Hydro-Quebec utility caused unexpected damage to the environment the Indians depend on for their livelihood...

...After a visit by Americas Watch in 1984," he says, "I went to trial, but they had to drop the charge...

...Real wages for teaching assistants and research assistants had declined 25 per cent over ten years...

...Then he was alerted that Stroessner's police might try to plant incriminating material at ABC Color, so he got his staffers to turn up at the paper, he says, "to surprise the police gang...

...The U.S.S...

...Marines Hit the Beaches in Minnesota DULUTH, MINNESOTA Seventy U.S...

...We added new people to our movement and made our point," she says...

...You just have to get your priorities straight...

...Although generally perceived by the public as students first and employees second (if at all), graduate students teach the majority of undergraduate classes and perform much of the research that makes Berkeley famous...

...You shouldn't learn from your work," says Colette Patt, an AGSE board member and graduate student in education...

...Peace activists promised a demonstration...

...Opposition there began with a group calling itself No Thank Q Hydro-Quebec, which didn't like the prospect of a new 1,100-megawatt transmission line running through the state, connecting to a southern New England power grid...

...It got worse and worse, as always happens in dictatorships, until the final collapse...

...And the university is obligated to negotiate only until the court fight is settled, but that's probably five years away...

...Now the Cree face a new phase of hydroelectric development—popularly known as James Bay II—but this time they are better prepared to fight it...

...A fortnight after Stroessner went into exile, Latorre was released and immediately got a job in charge of international news at Radio Nanduti, the first station in Paraguay to have an open microphone...

...Chancellor Ira Michael Heyman, who is stepping down from his job after this academic year, clearly wishes to avoid another strike...

...Grad Students on Strike...

...In May, police wearing the red bandannas of Stroessner's ruling Colorado Party "attacked our transmitter and broke most of the stuff there," she says...

...He wasn't making ends meet on his TA salary and no health insurance...

...And they have a growing number of allies in the northeastern United States, where much of the power is slated to be sold...

...Eight demonstrators committed civil disobedience by attempting to block the Marines from coming ashore, but they were quickly rounded up by the police...

...The problem was that I was in Nicaragua during the civil war there...

...Most staff members were forbidden by the government to use the microphone and by late 1986, when U.S...

...That was on October 30, 1980...

...The Commission told Central Maine Power it had not given enough consideration to alternatives: small-capacity power plants, cogeneration, and conservation...

...But then some veterans' groups jumped into the fray...

...And the Navy soon agreed to forgo the event...

...Canadian Utility Threatens Cree JAMES BAY, QUEBEC When the Quebec government decided in 1971 to flood thousands of square miles in the north of the province to build art enormous hydroelectric project, the Cree Indians who live there heard about it first on the radio...

...They arrived with a band playing the Colorado Party polka...

...Although the peace groups did not succeed in preventing the assault, they consider the outcome a victory...

...It was then that he was arrested...

...Another reason, according to the agency, is that teaching assistants are "unnecessary...

...They don't respect international boundaries...

...Latorre grew up near a big Kennecott copper mine in Chile...

...It's a good show, like what you see on Rambo...

...The city council buckled under to the loss of convention dollars and, on July 12, passed a resolution officially inviting the Marines to invade...

...I was never active politically...

...People think that because you organize a union you think of the work you do as oppressive," he says...

...William Steif (William Steif, a former correspondent for the Scripps-Howard newspapers, lives in the U.S...

...For a while, it seemed they would prevail...

...When he tried to go back on the air in April, the government's National Communications Corporation issued an order forbidding all radio stations not on the air at that time to reopen...

...After high school he became a journalist...

...Ambassador Clyde Taylor visited, the interference was so strong you couldn't hear anything but music—no words...

...To help with the task, AGSE affiliated with District 65 of the United Auto Workers...

...The plans of Hydro-Quebec will turn it into just a machine for providing power in the south and there won't be any more wilderness...

...We were the justice and we published every morning...

...In January 1987, Humberto Rubin decided to close the station for three months...

...The non-management staff of The Progressive also belong to District 65...

...The Marines and the Navy staged the event as part of a recruiting drive...

...Finally, in 1986, I was sentenced...

...Groups not generally thought of as militants marched with their signs: UC bugs us...

...Physicists on Strike...

...Some of the troops seemed intimidated by the opposition...

...Crees have joined such local groups as the Sierra Club in appearing before the Board to oppose the sale...

...By replacing them with non-student instructors, the university could still operate its undergraduate program...

...While Hydro-Quebec has planned expansion well into the Twenty-first Century to meet domestic demand, the utility is aggressively pursuing long-term sales in the United States...

...The Maine environmentalists were joined in April by representatives of the Grand Council of Crees of Quebec, who helped lobby Maine legislators to pass a bill forcing utilities to give conservation priority over other power sources, a bill opposed by Central Maine Power...

...Government may be dragged into the process...

...Why shouldn't New York have to look at the global consequences...

...The VFW threatened to pull its 1992 state convention out of Duluth if the invasion didn't go ahead as planned...

...Any time we can confront militarism in a creative and positive way," says O'Neil, "it's a victory for us...

...From late 1977 to mid-1979, he free-lanced in Nicaragua and then returned to Chile...

...Physics graduate student Robert Lyons, for example, had two children and a wife to support...

...Eventually, the U.S...

...That whole dichotomy is off-base...

...In early June, Duluth city council president Joyce Benson asked the Navy to cancel, citing the growing controversy...

...It assumes that unionizing is in conflict with enjoying your work...

...Among the James Bay Cree, mercury contamination exceeding international standards jumped to 30 per cent by 1977 and reached 64 per cent in 1984, before medical and information campaigns persuaded them to reduce their traditional fish consumption...

...It was the first time Berkeley graduate students had walked out on their university jobs in a labor dispute...

...The tall, bespectacled founder of ABC Color, Paraguay's biggest newspaper, with a circulation of 80,000, Zuccolillo is from a wealthy family and began his morning daily in 1967, basing its name on those of two dailies he admired—Madrid's ABC and Montevideo's BP Color (the "BP" stands for Bien Publico, or Public Welfare...

...It's a sign...

...Paul Selvin (Paul Selvin is a graduate student in physics at the University of California-Berkeley...

...It has verbally agreed to pay for health insurance beginning in January 1990 and to allow AGSE to deduct union dues from members' paychecks...

...Government to carry them out...

...After six years of litigation, the court battle drags on, headed for the California Court of Appeals...

...Hell, they're protecting us...

...He went to his department chair and asked to become a part-time student so he could get a better-paying full-time job...

...The Society argues that the legal requirement for an impact study before a major project applies even outside the United States in this case, because of the effects on birds that pass through the country...

...The strike was but the most recent weapon in the battle for union rights...

...Finally," she says, "the radio was heavily bugged and we had interference, the same technique the Soviets use except these guys were from the rightist side...

...We have an interest in having a problem-solving mechanism," says Debra Harrington, the university's labor-relations manager, "without people walking around the campus striking...

...It's always good," says Massenburg," to get an agreement without waiting for the law to catch up...

...They seem to be people who aren't narrowly focused on the bottom line," says Brian Craig, an adviser to the Grand Council...

...Getting a majority of the graduate students to carry union cards was no easy task, however...

...Now the battleground has shifted to Vermont: An agreement by Hydro-Quebec to sell 500 megawatts of power to twenty-four utilities there between 1990 and 2020 is under review by the Vermont Public Service Board...

...Six years ago, AGSE harnessed its legal troops—a few law students and a law grad who had not yet passed the bar—and headed for the courts in search of legal recognition...

...and Einstein was a Union Man...

...His story epitomizes the fear that Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay for thirty-five years, had for the media...

...David Schulze (David Schulze is a free-lance writer in Montreal...

...And they staged a die-in as the Marines came ashore and began firing their rifles...

...Marines faced hostile forces on July 21 when they invaded Duluth...

...Jon Simon, a former AGSE board member, says many people don't understand the motivation for a union...

...The two-day strike, with a majority of employed graduate students walking picket lines, nearly emptied the 30,000-student campus...

...Health insurance was nonexistent...

...Representatives of the National Audubon Society came to Montreal in July to warn Quebecers that further development around James Bay could endanger the survival of migratory birds...

...It took three years of organizing, department by department...

...Clergy and Laity Concerned and a broad coalition of other peace and justice groups organized early on to press for cancellation of the assault...

...They proved their right to the land in court and eventually received financial compensation and limited self-government in return fof their losses...

...The union, however, has come to realize that the threat of the picket is more powerful than the most eloquent legal arguments...

...They're intended to foster good public relations and enthusiasm among young people, encouraging them to sign up...

...In his ABC Color office, where he is cranking up resumption of publication, Zuccolillo says that "the biggest problem the Stroessner government faced was that it had no trust because the dictatorship had no justice...

...But protesters heavily outnumbered supporters and were clearly better organized...

...Marshall Helmberger (Marshall Helmberger is a free-lance writer in Tower, Minnesota...

...They stuck by their word," he says...

...Dressed in full battle gear, the Marines jumped from amphibious landing craft and fired blanks from their M-16 rifles in a mock assault on a local beach...

...We want to make sure the agreement isn't Heyman's way of making his last year more peaceful...

...Collective action works...

...Fear of a strike this semester led UC to the bargaining table...

...Other times, the station would be closed down for fifteen or thirty days at a time...

...I even went to Africa and Cambodia...

...One man who wouldn't shut up while Stroessner was in power was Aldo Zuccolillo, fifty-nine...

...He was bright, and some American teachers at his school promised him that if he'd make his way to the United States, they would help him get an education...

...Cuomo seized an opportunity to address local environmental concerns by delaying a decision on new nuclear power plants...

...Nevertheless, the university has never recognized them as employees, saying their jobs are a form of financial aid...

...Latorre was held in a "security garrison" until 1984, during which time, he says, "They broke all my fingers and burned me with cigarettes...

...But since the phenomenon tends to reverse itself with time, the mercury levels in fish in the James Bay reservoirs are expected to approach natural conditions within about twenty years...

...But last January, the Maine Public Utility Commission rejected one of its first three major American power sales, a deal with Central Maine Power Company for at least 300 megawatts between 1992 and 2020, worth $4.5 billion...

...On August 20, 1986, I was transferred from the national penitentiary to isolation at a police station...

...And indeed they were...

...In the meantime," continues Craig, "you destroy one of the few areas in North America where you do have untouched environment...

...Vermont Governor Madeleine Kunin and Board officials have indicated they will consider environmental consequences outside the state...

...Peace activists say they oppose the public-relations stunts precisely because of their Ramboesque appeal...

...He holds out his arm to show the scars...

...After a two-day strike, AGSE is starting negotiations...

...The creation of reservoirs releases mercury into the water," admits Hydro-Quebec's 1989 long-term expansion plan...

...The pressure exercised by the Stroessner government came in different ways...

...Graduate Students Make History BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA "Ten days ago, I wouldn't have imagined this possible," says Mary Ann Massenburg, an organizer for the graduate student union at the University of California-Berkeley...

...Latorre is a short, slim, dark-haired Chilean citizen who is a journalist...

...If cumulative environmental-impact studies are not done in Canada, the Society will go to court to try to force the U.S...

...The new charge was later changed to being "an accomplice" in Somoza's murder...

...And to some extent it works...

...a few fired their blanks directly at protesters...

...Our advertisers were pressured, too...

...If [General Alfredo] Stroessner hadn't gone," he says, "I'd still be there...

...Virgin Islands...

...I worked for UPI for a while," he says, "but mostly I was free-lancing...

...We've convinced the university to take graduate student workers seriously...

...Craig is much less impressed with the review process in New York, where a contract between the New York Power Authority and Hydro-Quebec for up to 1,000 megawatts between 1990 and 2016 needed only Governor Mario Cuomo's approval— and got it...

...It proved disappointing...

...I went to high school at McKinley High in Canton, Ohio...

...That's what the ruling means...

...Cannery workers are replaceable," retorts Patt...

...A sign strapped to the belly of a dog in the picket line summed up the reason: UC Treats Student-Employees Like Dogs...

...They're trying to make war seem exciting and fun," says activist Steve O'Neil, "but that's not the reality...

...He was freed on a judge's order last February...

...Somoza, Stroessner," he adds, "dictators are all the same—they're all dirty people...

...Editorials and letters in the Duluth paper kept the argument simmering for most of the summer...

...They held a "peace fair" with food and information booths, a protest march, and street theater...

...Emotions peaked on July 21 as a group of military enthusiasts carried signs welcoming the Marines and angrily shouted their disagreement with protesters...

...Entomologists on Strike...

...People came to ABC Color to explain problems, to make claims...

...A stunned Lyons dropped out...

...the Duluth News-Tribune quoted one young man who watched the invasion as saying, "It's awesome...

...All too often the university simply did not recognize the realities of life...

...When they couldn't prove that," he says, "they charged I helped the killers get out of the country...

...After six years of battles—in the courts, the legislature, and the campus—the nation's largest university signed an agreement to negotiate with the union...

...Humberto Rubin would be held at police stations "for hours and hours, with no reason given," she says...

...Toward the end of the spring semester, more than 2,000 teaching and research assistants, members of the Association of Graduate Student Employees (AGSE), walked out on their university jobs...

...Instead, I was charged with being an 'inactive participant' in the killing...

...Craig asks...

...I think we'll get a feeling early on whether or not UC is serious this time," says Massenburg...

...Radio Nanduti was off the air for two years—but returned on February 4, 1989, the day after Stroessner went into exile...

...The historians, naturally, offered perspective: We're making history...

...Most wrong-doing became public through radio," she says...