The Warsaw Uprising

Grosfeld, Ludwik

The Warsaw Uprising By Ludwik Grosfeld On August 1, 1944, at 5 p. m, the Commander of the Polish Underground Army proclaimed an armed uprising against tho Germans. The proclamation was Issued in...

...Fighting Warsaw is unshaken...
...detailed plans had been worked out in advance by General Bor's staff...
...Heretofore, such action has effectively speeded the Soviet advance...
...Her sacrifices and unflinching heroism are being engraved by her deeds in the annals of history...
...Moscow's statement that the uprising uas not coordinated with Red Army plans is a deliberate lie to cover the cold-bla<>ded betrayal of the Polish patriots...
...Since the above was written, it is reported that the Red Army has finally Started an all-out attack on Warsaw from nearby Praga, utilizing Polish troops...
...It was too long delayed—for political 'purposes—while Polish patriots died desperately battling within the capital...
...The proclamation was Issued in agreement with tho Vice-Premier and the throe Minuter* of tho Poliah Government who are working underground in Warsaw...
...Will London abandon them...
...as the Red Army attacked the city...
...Ia September, M9, Warsaw was lighting to fend off overwhelming enemy forces until smmunition and food supplies wore completely exhausted and th* water system destroyed...
...To capitulate to Moscow's ultimatum, the Polish Government would disgrace itself before the Polish people and the world, acceding to the session of Polish territory and to political domination...
...Tho unit* ad the Underground Army, totalling 26,000 men, were Joined by thousand* of volunteers...
...Ia August, 1944, the citizens of Warsaw rose again, -at a time when the victorious Bod Army is crushmgly defeating the common enemy...
...The evident betrayal of the Polish underground, which since 1939 has fought more stubbornly than any other European underground, is shameful...
...When the city surrendered, it was ablaze, hungry and prostrste...
...Did Stalin break his promise of aid to the Polish underground because Mikolajczyk insisted on Poland's right to independence and self-determination...
...The underground has saved 1,000 prisoners of war from deportation or death, among them officers and men of the British Air Force, now fighting side by side with the Poles...
...The Polish Government-in-Exile has revealed that Stalin and Churchill had promised ample aid...
...The first reference to the Warsaw insurrection to appear in the Russian press was a story reprinted from the London D«i7v Worker...
...Their commander, Genera) Bor, also broadcast a desperate call for hslp to nave the underground fighters from extermination...
...German strongholds in and around the city we're to be bombed by Russian and Anglo-American planes, Polish paratroopers, trained in England, were to be dropped into their homeland...
...Does Stalin desire the extermination of the Socialists of Warsaw, to save him the job of purging them later as he purged Krlich and Alter...
...Poland waa the trot-country to oppose Hitler's Third Reich with armed resistance...
...As evidenced by the uprising, the real forces of the Polish people are rallied around the Underground Army snd the great social and political movements that created the Poliah Underground State, headed by the Polish Government which temporarily resides in Ixindon...
...second, should final liberation be delayed some time,,they will ahout that the Red Armv abandoned the Poliah underground armv In its fate when the latter tried to achieve collaboration...
...But on August 6 the Nazi troops recaptured one bridge, and now have blasted their way to the others...
...It assumes increased significance because it follows closely the failure of Mikolajczyk to reach an understanding with Stalin on the future government and borders of Poland...
...a Red Army captain was dropped into Warsaic by parachute to serve as a liaison officer...
...Polands future Socialist President asserted that the Polish underground has staged such uprisings in each Poliah city in cooperation with the Russians...
...Most of the Ministers of the Polish Cabinet prefer the Constitution of 1921, but they cannot legally abolish the Constitution which they inherited from Sikorski—that must be done, they argue, by the people of Poland in a free, democratic election...
...The uprising on August 1 was carefully timed specifically to defeat the counterattack of four German armored divisions against the approaching Red Army...
...Does the Kremlin dictator fear the strength of the Polish underground, which, as this uprising proves, is directed by, and supports, the London Government-in-Exile...
...The Warsaw Jews never had a chance against the Germans, but they preferred to die with arms in hand...
...Stalin demanded that the Polish Government abrogate the Constitution of 1935, from which it derives its legality and legitimacy, in favor of the more democratic Constitution of 1921...
...The flv« years that have elapsed between these two events were years of unceasing struggle against th* enemy and Of careful preparations for the finsl uprising...
...This is unilateral action with a vengeance...
...to drive the Germans out, the Soviet forces must take the bridges over tho Vistula...
...with tho cooperation of tho capital's entire population, they seized several districts of tho eaty...
...The Betrayal of the Polish Underground By Liston M. Oak TOMASZ ARCISZEWSKI, President-designate of Poland, has made an impassioned plea from London for speedy aid from Russia, Britain, and the United States for the embattled warriors of Warsaw's underground...
...It was also designed to frustrate the German ojder to evacuate Warsaw, and to transport or destroy factories there, as well as the intensified Nazi terror...
...And is the lack of aid by Britain and America due to the policy of appeasing Stalin...
...For five years the people of Wsrsaw were preparing for the moment which has now srrived...
...In April, 1»4», tho Jewi.h population of Warsaw, facing annihilation within the-ghetto, waged another battle, with the help and assistance of the Gentilo population, a battle famous and unique in history...
...The possession of Warsaw is of decisive military importance...
...not only Polish history, but the history of all mankind, for the greatness of her struggle reinforces anew our belief in mankind and its craving for freedom...
...The Polish underground captured these bridges, and with the expected and promised aid they could have held them...
...it also shows a courage, heroism and spirit such as have rarely been seen in the history of mankind...
...Although greatly outnumbered by the enemy farces, these units are valiantly continuing the struggle Polish units -outside Warsaw are also fighting the Germans and doing their utmost to assiat the Red Army, which is battling the common enemy almost at Warsaw'a gates...
...This spirit has found glorious expression in the Polish struggle for international freedom, for national and social liberation, anil for full independence...
...But on August 3 the bombardment of Warsaw's suburbs by Soviet artillery which had begun August 1, suddenly ceased, and since then no Red Army planes have flown over the besieged city, said Arclszewski on August 15...
...The uprising, proclaimed on August 1, 1944, pro-rides complete, clear and eloquent proof of the people's sdherence to their Underground and their Government...
...For three long, terrible weeks the Warsaw patriots have been fighting to expel the Nazi invaders with very little help from any of the United Nations, except some token deliveries of arms from Britain...
...The Nazis had begun mass arrests and executions...
...Th' reasons are not military, but political...
...It ridiculed the idea that the Polish underground was fighting, and continued: "Tales about battles in Warsaw are a bluff intended to achieve a twofold aim: First, should Warsaw be liberated in the next few days, the London reactionaries will hold that they, and not the Red Army, were responsible for (he liberation...
...But the Warsaw uprising not only proves the real strength of the Polish Underground Movement, which has so often been maligned...
...Thi* act of self-sacrifice must be followed by an act of justice—the ree$tabli*hment of a free and independent Poland, which must take her Tightful place in the family of free, liberty-loving peoples, living in harmony and friendship throughout the world...
...Underground forces outside of Warsaw are making forced marches to rescue their comrades—but no help is forthcoming from the Red Army, ten miles away...
...If and when aid arrives, will it be too little and too late...
...But evidently Stallii dots, not want the Polish Socialists, leading this battle, to get any oj the credit for the liberation of Poland...
...This is one of the major scandals of World War II...
...The Soviet forces have been within striking distance of the Polish capital since the last week in July.' This attack does not invalidate the charge of betrayal I have made...
...This Is the third time during the present war that Warsaw ia the seen* of bottle...
...The underground is battling desperately and heroically to maintain possession of the Old Town on the west bank of the Vistula...
...With adequate aid, they would make the Polish capital, scene of one of the Nazis' first great victories, the scene of one of their most disastrous defeats...
...Poland i» also tho first country to proclaim an armed aprising against the Nasi occupant...
...Stalin further demanded the resignation of all hjUt two or three of the members of the Polish Cabinet, their places to be taken by Poles in the Communist-dominated Committee of National Liberation...

Vol. 27 • August 1944 • No. 34


 
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