Books

...The ceremonies, especially those of initiation, were designed to rouse the imagination rather than to impress the conscience...

...But there had long resided in London (1742-17 82) a famous Freemason, Hayyim Samuel Jacob Falk, whose fame as an initiate has been celebrated by Lessing in his Ernst und F a l k : Gesprache fur Freimaurer...

...Mutual business interests are doing much to abate the animosity between Arabs and Jews...

...The population in 1920 was 2 , 0 8 4 ; today it is 40,000...

...The human interest derives from his study of how this colossus was eventually brought low, a Goliath contemptuously overcome by a weak and undignified David...

...Sociologists are now recognizing the deep and humane insight of the ecclesiastical law and its essentially modern point of view...

...GARNETT, intimately acquainted with the Butler family and having access to all important documents, sets out to prove that the portrait drawn in The Way of All Flesh is by no means realistic or matter-of-fact...

...The scientific method left little room for bias, but in the elaborate subordinate scenes, the wealth of romantic embellishment, it was pretty clear to the discerning reader that the Emperor—^whatever part may have been played by his withered arm and his overbearing English mother—was the evil genius of modern Germany, and Bismarck the real hero...

...Finally, he bitterly resented the horror with which his family regarded various of his unorthodox utterances...

...A Treatise G'vmng the History, Organizatiorij and Administration of Parole, by John Philip Bramer...

...today there are forty-nine schools with 7,300 pupils, divided into kindergartens, public schools and those of higher grades, as well as special musical and professional schools...

...3.50...

...De Castro's excellent contribution to the history of revolutionary movements will be found indispensable to an understanding of the England of the American Revolutionary War...

...The main political interest of the drama which Herr Ludwig so brilliantly builds up in these pages derives from his study of how Bismarck subdued this hatred and curbed this inborn arrogance, adapting it with patience, foresight and even submissiveness (his tolerance of the contempt with which he was treated by the emperor he had created is an example) to his great task of first making Prussia supreme in Germany and then Germany supreme in Europe...

...no pinch of incense on the altar of the divinity of Caesar...

...Certainly those who read Palestine Awake will have good reason to incline toward the opinion held by the author...

...M RS...

...New York: George H. Doran Company...

...He fails to understand that it is just because the Church of God was led by the Holy Spirit to lay down those definite symbols that it still remains what it is, the pillar and ground of the truth...

...Dickens, in Barnaby Rudge, has insinuated that the opposition knew mor« about the developments of June 2-13, 1780, than it chose to tell...

...But in many districts of America the spirit yet lives, almost unmodified by contact with Catholicism...

...May not revolutionary Freemasonry have been the inspiration of t h e G o r d o n riots...

...3.75...

...But that real religious impressions were caused no one can doubt who reads the prayers and other writings which have come down to us...

...New York: The Century Company...

...Had Bismarck's understanding of this fact been more profound, and had he, too, not seriously miscalculated the potentialities that lay in democracy, his record as a fighter might have had a very different and perhaps a more fortunate ending...

...Bramer is familiar, on the other...

...BERTRAM C. A. WINDLE...

...It was from this last class that many of the early adherents of Christianity came...

...only one thing, in fact, is lacking—and that is the actual proof that Gordon was a member of the Freemasons...

...T h e mayor of Jerusalem, Ragheb El Nashashibi, is an Arab, but he has no fear of the influx of Jews into the country...

...Just what sinister forces were behind the riots...

...If after these remarks one may be pardoned a criticism, it seems a mistake to have included the child verses which end the volume...

...There can be no doubt of the intent of the Continental Freemasons at that time to foment revolution against the established order in all countries...

...Bramer's booklet is concerned with one, perhaps the best, attempt of modern juristic science to escape from the "classical" penology where codes, by fixing exact punishment for every degree of crime, became, in effect, the Magna Carta of criminals...

...Among those who constantly attended the receptions and dinners of Mme...

...Father Mugnier...

...1 HIS distinguished little book of verse, reference to which is made elsewhere in this issue, ought to establish Sister Madeleva's position as a writer of rarely exquisite religious verse...

...However, this attitude is but little in evidence in a book which I have read with the deepest interest and admiration, not merely on account of the great learning to which it bears testimony, but because of the truly admirable method of its arrangement...

...It is odd, from the character of the woman as expressed in her letters to others than M. France, that her influence should not have been nobler than it was...

...But that is not enough...

...and this is what we now demand.' " Mr...

...This was Gordon's opportunity and he had the shrewdness to seize it...

...Vergil tells us that, and there is the wellknown remark of Achilles that he had rather be slave to a landless man—the last depth of earthly misery—than reign in the lower world...

...Arman de Caillavet, Jewess though she was, was in the true succession of those extraordinary women of France who, through their unselfish devotion to genius, have come to love the possessor of that genius, and both to cause it to flower, and to be poisoned by it...

...we shall be good neighbors," and expresses the opinion that the greatest change in the history of the world is today being wrought in the land of the Bible...

...But in the section...

...Penelope and Other Poems, by Sister M. Madeleva...

...As Sir Ronald Storrs, the Christian governor of Jerusalem, Jaffa and t h e southern district of Palestine, pointed out to the American investigator, the new orange-growing industry in the T e l Aviv and Jaffa section has brought the t w o races so much closer that at a recent industrial exposition they chose a common emblem for their exhibit...

...but the real test of a religion is its attitude to grief, to losses of all kinds, to death...

...He has enjoyed, happily, access to documents never before used by the historian...

...He was God and that is the answer...

...to his intense longing for union with God, especially in communion—the heart, as Professor Jevons calls it, of all serious religions...

...Those who entered the strait gate in early days knew very well what was meant by it—a persecuted life, often ended by a painful death...

...THE Puritan's objection to individualization in punitive justice," writes Dean Pound, "was instinctive and deep^ seated, for he saw in the Star Chamber the same fundamental theory as that involved in the penitential system of the Roman Church...

...Arman's basic beliefs and character...

...The parole system, ideally administered in the fashion described by Mr...

...We must say the Jews have brought considerable progress, and as they a re mainly spending their own money in developing the country, it would be wrong not to give them credit for such efforts as they are making for t h e future and better Palestine...

...The Mystery Religions and Christianity, by S. Angus, D. D. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons...

...TO T H O S E who desire to know just what has been accomplished in Palestine toward establishing a home land for the Jews in accordance with the Balfour Declaration, this book may be recommended as an able presentation of social and industrial conditions in process of development...

...It is evident that Mme...

...The Commomveal would greatly appreciate the receipt of copies of Number ij...

...New York: John Philip Bramer...

...Everything, t o this reviewer's way of thinking, points in that direction...

...1 HIS is another of William Johnston's detective stories...

...This reviewer has a suggestion to make...

...Other persons suspected American or French intrigue...

...Prima facie one might think that this easy-going attitude would have been to their gain—in view, that is, of the unrigorous nature of most of mankind...

...Other figures are even more impressive: in 1921, there were sixteen schools with an enrollment of 2,700 pupils...

...Volume V, from any of its readers who may possess extra copies of this number...

...De Castro is uncertain...

...and yet it is known that it was Mme...

...2.50...

...BRIEFER MENTION Samuel Butler and His Family Relations, by Mrs...

...Others—the "God-fearers"—attended the synagogue but were not circumcised and did not necessarily follow the full rites...

...This industry, in the section named, has a remarkable record of achievement...

...It was unfortunate for her, though perhaps not for French literature, that this admiration should gradually have made her careless of her first judgment of his nature, and should even have led her to encourage things in him which she should have fought...

...Something more was wanting, and prior to Our Lord's coming, that something more was found by many earnest souls in one or another of the numerous mystery religions considered in Professor Angus's book...

...ROBERT R . H U L L . Palestine Awake, by Sophie Irene Loeb...

...Arman, a Jewess, should have found her only consolation in a Catholic priest...

...The mystery religions appealed far more to the sense and imagination than they did to the intellect...

...no "soft option" there...

...Until six years ago, it was a small thirty-acre suburb of Jaffa...

...But when the mob turned from the burning of chapels to the burning of the houses of the magnificoes, some of the latter at once made their recantations "from the errors of the Church of Rome" before the Archbishop of Canterbury, and took the oath of supremacy before the magistrates...

...One could wish, however, that the author had devoted less space to chronological data quite unintelligible to the lay reader, and to the interesting but too detailed description of an ideal parole system, which, so far as we can learn, exists only in the author's mind...

...and the religion which He founded was intolerant because truth must always be intolerant, not of the unfortunates who unwittingly walk in error's paths, but of error itself...

...It was inevitable, therefore, that a companion-drama dealing with the Iron Chanrellor should sooner or later come from Herr Ludwig's ready pen...

...The murder of Francis De Brett in the Krakoff apartment, which puzzled the police for some weeks and had the district attorney at his wits' end, wiU be a riddle to the reader for nearly the whole of the 300 pages of the book...

...Yet in many of the letters, and particularly in those to her son, there appears the portrait of a woman, sane, devoted, free of false illusions, courageous to a remarkable degree...

...which is as though one might today suppose a person to unite in himself the offices of dean of Westminster and chief rabbi of the Hebrew congregations...

...Good Out of Nazareth, Sister Madeleva is wholly the mistress of her demesne, adding to the poetry of religion several beautiful lyrics...

...That was in a far less hopeless condition, for the Diaspora had sent out Jews all over the Roman world and planted synagogues in every important city, a constant witness to its faith...

...3.50...

...Well-dressed men had been seen directing the mobs...

...2.00...

...above all, perhaps, to his craving for a happy immortality...

...All these things, in one way or another, the mystery religions gave...

...In summing up the results of her observations, Miss Loeb quotes Pope Pius XI's statement that he "views with entire sympathy the Jewish efforts for the regaining of Palestine...

...Savile's Catholic Relief Bill of 1778 was made necessary because of the propaganda of our own Charles Carroll among the Catholics of Ireland, if the landlords were to keep the restless "Papists" from migrating to America where they had been promised religious freedom...

...to his craving for pardon...

...The officious magnificoes, during the days of the simmering, visited Gordon and tried to make a deal...

...Undoubtedly it was first of all consciousness of the place in literature awaiting a "big, rebellious book" on the subject of family relations...

...They could respond to the sense of sin which man at this time was experiencing as he had seldom experienced it before...

...It is certain that the Tories regarded the riots as the breaking out of a plot which had for its objective much more than the curbing of Papists...

...Yet this episode, no less than the half-score crucial moments in Bismarck's career which Herr Ludwig selects for imaginative treatment, gives a flash of revelation, a penetrating insight into the character of the man...

...Consequently no definite idea can be gathered from her book of many of the vital things which must have informed Mme...

...New York: Oxford University Press...

...Judaism, moreover, was a highly missionary faith, and made many proselytes—encompassed heaven and earth to make them, as we are told...

...The work is informed by a spirit of fairness and understanding of the problems of all t h e people of Palestine which adds to its interpretative value...

...One searches his generalizations in vain for any indication that he realizes a study of the circumstances in which the crime was committed to be an indispensable preliminary to the individualization of punishment...

...Christianity was fiercely intolerant...

...Garnett supplies, in addition, a great deal of valuable information about Butler as a domestic figure...

...The Gordon Riots, by J. Paul De Castro...

...why, then, was it that they all succumbed before Christianity...

...2.00...

...New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company...

...and as a sociological student and prominent welfare worker in her own country, she has made a survey of the social aspects of t he situation which is a distinctly valuable contribution...

...and the bibliography of the volume gives evidence of his exhaustive research...

...These are decidedly not on a level with the other poems in the book and might, one ventures to surmise, have been written by almost anybody...

...In the same year, Gordon deserted Christianity for Judaism...

...today it is a city of 1,250 acres...

...a full-length portrait of Napoleon which, without showing originality, is bright and extremely readable...

...It becomes a subjective individualization under cover of a wholly objective legal sentence...

...Thenceforth Liberalism and the London "bobby" held the balance of power...

...As Professor Grant Robertson says in his superior account of this particular struggle, "the Vatican decrees were a challenge, a program and a publication of title-deeds in one," and Bismarck had no fundamental grasp of any aspect of them...

...These signified the Greek, Roman and Jewish religions at the time when the new leaven of Christianity was mingled with them...

...and a really brilliant sketch of the Emperor William II, which has had almost as great a success in English as in German...

...Last year, 3,000 persons were employed on public utilities alone—paving roads, constructing water-works and the like...

...SUMMERFIELD BALDWIN...

...With an adequate and efficient police force, the maximum number of violations of police regulations in this city of 40,CXK) is twenty-four a month...

...The same syncretism led to the continuance in these religions of the horrible practices which they had brought with them out of their original naturalism, and of which Saint Augustine speaks in such scathing terms in the City of God...

...ERNEST F. BODDINGTON...

...In the penitential S5^tem 'it is not the crime,' says Saleilles, 'but the criminal alone that is . . . regarded...

...But Judaism was highly legal and its eschatology was far from inspiring...

...Bramer has not pointed out that the very punitive imprisonment which parole attempts to remedy, is a humanitarian makeshift of the last century, whose theoretical justification after the event has never really been accomplished...

...This was a source of pain from which his unusually sensitive spirit recoiled...

...Arman, Anatole France would have been other than he became, for it was she who vanquished his colossal indolence and who smoothed out his awkwardness and gave him confidence in himself...

...To pursue the simile, the mixing agent was the wonderful stream of mystery religions pouring into the West from the East, which are so fully described in Professor Angus's book...

...Occasionally one gets a glimpse of the lay-popes, such as Lord Petre and the Earl of Surrey, who in those days had undertaken the management of the affairs of the English Catholic body...

...New York: D. Appleton and Company...

...Bramer, seems superior to the indeterminate sentence, to the "good time law," and to the pardon board, as a means of making the punishment fit the criminal...

...The Prussian official," he said in one of his early letters, "is like the individual player in an orchestra...

...To him, as to Henry VIII, the Papacy and the Catholic Church were a problem of power, not of ideas, an element in a comparatively narrow political struggle rather than a principle of universal influence and importance...

...This fragile but unusually vital theme is more skilfully varied than it was in Knights Errant...

...Arman held in the career of M. France...

...The permanence of Christianity," he says, ''was not secured by the contentious Nicene and Athanasian creeds, but by the simple New Testament creed, 'Jesus is Lord,' which permitted no compromise...

...MORE by coincidence and because the romantic method of history-writing is now the fashion than from any direct influence, it would seem, Herr Emil Ludwig has become the German Lytton Strachey...

...and immediately thereafter there was published in the Public Advertiser his attack on Queen Marie Antoinette...

...This was a bit of irony which must have disconcerted even M. France, the prince of ironists...

...The other great moment of humiliation, the Kulturkampf and its outcome, is less elaborately described...

...Mme...

...In justice to Samuel, it is noted that his request for keeping the manuscript in hiding until all the people referred to had died was not respected...

...That is to say, to all who know the work of this writer, that while it is not the most wonderful mystery tale ever written, it is a good entertaining yarn, told in English which does not arouse criminal instincts in the reader, and developed without too great a demand on that reader's credulity...

...He could never brook command, even from a monarch...

...JOHN STAPLETON...

...It is necessary to call attention to this point...

...I want either to make music as I think fit, or I don't want to play at all...

...Pouquet has chosen only a very small number of the letters to which she must have had access...

...In this book of letters collected by the first wife of Mme...

...It is to be regretted, for example, that Mr...

...THE Gordon riots in England were the last revolutionary outburst of militant Puritanism...

...But it was not so...

...There remains Judaism...

...This will be welcomed by all admirers of the most important and original, if not the sweetest tempered, of the anti-Victorians...

...Transplanted to the new world, the non-conformist sects, after a period of revivalistic expansion, with but few remaining avenues for converts or proselytes open to them, think to fashion the nation after their own heart on the anvil of their ideas of faith and morals...

...The readers of this book will, at all events, be brought to the realization that in France, at least, the art of letter-writing is not dead...

...6.50...

...And it is here that I disagree with Professor Angus...

...Arman's influence which determined France in his stand, and caused him to break with many of his former friends...

...What spurred him to write the book...

...I cannot see," he told Miss Loeb, "any reason why t h e Jews and the Arabs cannot work together...

...Again—and this is a claim to originality as compared with Bismarck's previous biographers—^he devotes great attention to the early years, and the psychological tvdst, given then, which was to explain all the later motives and actions...

...and it is certain that the Whigs were pledged to a ministry that would end the American war...

...The title poem, familiar to readers of The Commonweal, strikes the note that is maintained throughout the book—^perceptive hymning of mystical Divine affection by means of analogies drawn from human love...

...To all of these Mme...

...There is a reply to that, but let us regard the situation for a moment without any consideration of the Divine element...

...we should have welcomed, instead, a somewhat more extended statement of the theory of parole, on the one hand, and a critical description of the parole system of New York State with which Mr...

...translated from the French by Letms Galantiere, with an introduction by Montgomery Belgion...

...1.25...

...There is work for all and up to the present there have been no serious quarrels...

...These religions were highly syncretic, so much so that we read on a tombstone of one who was "pater sacrorum summi invicti Mithrae, sacerdos Isidis, dei Liberi archibucolus...

...Canon Butler and his two daughters seem to have been attractive Victorian people, and the mother of the family was a charming lady who gave all she had to her children...

...TXT^HETHER the drawing-room of Mme...

...The grain in tlie measures was, it must be admitted, dry and not too promising, and before the leaven was added, it might well have been necessary to mix with it water, in order to make a paste in which the leaven could work its marvelous effects...

...indeed, it seems occasionally to slip from the poet's control, under the summons of a diction remarkably tender and vibrant...

...It is today no secret that, without Mme...

...Already he has produced a vivid and arresting life of Goethe...

...Tel Aviv itself, which has been called the Miami of Palestine, and which Miss Loeb names the miracle city of t h e eastern world, has developed in a remarkable manner...

...He began the work of rolling up his monster petition among the Presbyterians of Scotland, who were only too ready to draw forth "the sword of the Lord and of Gideon" against the nearPapists of Canterbury...

...du Deffand, and by Mme...

...And as it must be thus intolerant so also must it be severely definite as to what is the truth...

...These religions did answer to the obstinate questionings of the human heart...

...New York: E. P. Button and Company...

...When she first met France she distrusted his character and admired only his mind...

...On the whole she succeeds very well...

...The former, as we learn from Horace and his contemporaries, had become, not merely neglected, but an object almost of contempt...

...scarcely touched upon...

...But this is only a vain regret, and, after all, France was probably too great an egoist ever to have been swerved from his course...

...Father Martindale's paraphrase of one of the best known writings of Apuleius, found in his delightful book, In God's Nursery, illustrates the point...

...last season it shipped 2,000,000 boxes of oranges, each containing 150 fine specimens of fruit...

...The formula is more or less the same...

...At the beginning, what little dissension arose has been smoothed out, and I believe it is the desire, at least of t h e younger and more vigorous and open-minded group of Arabs to do everything they can to w o r k amicably with the Jews...

...GRENVILLE VERNON...

...R. S. Garnett...

...and it is significant that in her unhappiness Mme...

...Bismarck was a man of exuberant physical energy—150 oysters at a sitting was one of his exploits...

...Miss Loeb has gone to those best qualified to furnish the facts concerning recent achievements and present needs—the governor of Palestine, the mayor of Jerusalem, the great mufti of the Arabs and others...

...Yet—again entirely from an historical standpoint—how wonderful that Christianity, the worship of "a gibbeted sophist," as Lucian sneered, was the conqueror...

...Arman de ' ' Caillavet contained the last of the Parisian salons, as is asserted by the title of this book, or whether the French genius will not continue to express itself in this manner so peculiarly Parisian, is something time alone can tell...

...The pathos of this culmination is well brought out and heightened by touches of that sentiment and romanticism which certainly lay somewhere in Bismarck's nature...

...It was only the artist which seemed to concern her...

...In any event, brilliant though Herr Ludwig's drama is, one lays it down with the feeling that there is room for another act...

...Of course, the historical answer is that the religion had an immense asset in its Founder and His unique personality and message...

...The Last Salon: Anatole France and His Muse, by Jeanne Maurice Bouquet...

...Certainly that was the case with the Roman and Greek religions...

...and that it is just because persons like himself are desirous of setting aside all ancient formulae that Protestantism is rapidly breaking up under our very eyes...

...Yet the solution is reasonable, and it cannot be said that the author has held back until the end any clue that was necessary to the elucidation of the mystery...

...Again Herr Ludwig divides the life of his subject into five epochs, five acts of a drama...

...Whether he plays the violin or the triangle, vdthout any view of or influence over the whole piece, he must play his part as it is written for him...

...Professor Viall of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, Quebec, published an interesting little book entitled The Three Measures of Meal...

...The Dreyfus affair is, for instance...

...It reduced the unhappy monarch to a psychological formula, and on this basis constructed as arresting a drama of human weakness in the face of enormous tasks and responsibility as I remember to have read in modern biography...

...Arman de Caillavet while they resided in Paris, and who corresponded with her when they were abroad, were Henri Riviere, Pierre Loti, Georges Qemenceau, Robert de Montesquiou, George Feydeau, J. A. Coulangheon, Charles Maurras, Marcel Proust, the Countess de Noailles and, of course, Anatole France...

...These things could not abide the pure light and they ultimately led to the downfall of the religions which practised them...

...ABOUT two years ago...

...The politicians are ready to help them, as long as they stand to win...

...The bright and happy figures of that Pantheon might be well suited to a cheerful people living in easy times...

...no bowing down in the temple of Rimmon...

...Butler seems always to have been spurred by philosophic rather than realistic impulses...

...Nor had things gone more fortunately with the latter...

...Arman's son, the playwright Gaston de Caillavet, there is abundant evidence of the place Mme...

...From this overpowering egotism came the dominating emotion of hatred and contempt for those whom, often rightly from the point of view of intelligence and statesmanship, he considered his inferiors...

...She bitterly atoned for this attitude when France practically deserted her after she had ceased to be young and beautiful...

...And to that last, the Roman and Greek religions held out little hope, for their afterworld was in no sense one to be desired...

...Arman was a sympathetic friend, and to several an inspirer and guide...

...It is also unfortunate that Mr...

...As an experienced newspaper woman...

...Bramer did not include in his interesting bibliography the standard modern work of Raymond Saleilles on the Individualization of Punishment...

...What is certain is that, in the face of all the wails that democracy has killed the salon, there was as late as 1910 in the Avenue Hoche a drawingroom which rivaled in brilliancy those eighteenth-century establishments presided over by Mme...

...Perhaps, as this is essentially a human biography rather than a political one, Herr Ludwig might be allowed to excuse the disproportion on artistic grounds...

...Lord George Gordon met Cagliostro in London in 1786...

...The Affair in Duplex QB, by William Johnston...

...Incidentally, Falk was also a J e w . Gordon's delight in Apocalypticism and Cabalism is very well known...

...Altogether, a book which should serve to shorten a long railway journey or to make a rainy evening more bearable...

...It has just been said that the grain was dry and unpromising...

...He always had a resentment against his liberal-minded mother...

...The letters thus must be taken only as a partial clue to the whole woman, and from them no generalizations can be drawn as to Mme...

...Geoffrin...

...Arman's correspondence...

...Some of these were full sharers in the religion, having been circumcised and following all the rites...

...It is a book filled with erudition, and is likely for years to be the leading authority on the subject of which it treats...

...She seemed to be willing to allow the man's egotism and even his sensualism free rein in all that he wrote...