"Two Religions" of Anglicanism

...But at the present writing, no annals umph of the Protestant Revolution and the destruction comparable to those Qf Queen's Chapel have been disof St...

...and that, prag- matically, it "works...

...He ignores, if he does not rather fear, the very idea of Holy Unction, although this sacrament for the sick is clearly set forth for his perusal (and possible agreement) in the Epis- tle of Saint James...

...But usually he will allege that he "does not believe in Confession...

...The dichotomy into two, how- the world, which gives the Anglican communion an ever, transcends mere schools of thought...

...This devo- tion is now virtually universal in the Protestant Epis- copal Church...

...Modernism, on the other hand, owes its relative weakness to its lack of definiteness and the negative quality of its propaganda...

...The member of the other religion recites his belief in the forgiveness of sins, in the creeds...

...Bishop Southgate, having a seat and a vote in the House of Bishops, succeeded in getting into the general canons a provision (still in force) making episcopal visitation mandatory once in three years...

...It is not in competition on more or less equal terms with the surrounding sectarianism, that peculiarly non-sacramental religion which we call "American...

...The United States, is a subject for frequent comment...

...I am not attacking the other religionist...

...He prefers to consider himself derived from the primitive in Christianity...

...No istrations of the missioners possible, after the law "fordoubt he followed the precedent of the times and when bade public services in open churches...

...proto-church...

...Unlike the other religionist, he is wasting less and less time and energy in hating and fearing "Rome" and calling her names...

...It is, "of course, variable as between individual cases, although one could make a consider- able list of what the other religionist does not believe in, and such a list would include a goodly number of the teachings and practices of primitive Christianity...

...It is of greater importance and in- terest to attempt to indicate how Anglo-Catholidsm is automatically solving the main difficulty of Anglican- ism (the two religions) by a process of slow absorb- tion...

...The whole Anglican trend is toward Catholicity...

...To take an extreme but lucidly illuminating example, I have known certain "High-Church" other religionists to be shocked and grieved by the inclusion of the kiss of peace in the liturgy...

...The refusal to visit the Church of the Advent on the part of that Bishop of Massachusetts was be- cause the parish displayed a cross of wood on its altar...

...Placing the title of proto-church opens another estates on the Monocacy, whilst the younger Carroll avenue of research into Maryland history in its most branch, descended from Daniel, second son of the im- fruitful aspect, the history of the early shrines and of migrant, were established in what is now the greater the intrepid confessors of the Faith who made the min...

...In the recent widely-reported "revival" in Waterbury, Connecticut, those engaged in leading it attended a retreat before the work began...

...He wrote as though he did not suspect that the universal Church has always taught several modes of God's presence...

...He married Gov- tioned in Maryland annals inherited in I713...

...and, paradoxically, Anglo-Catholicism is absorbing the other religion...

...This retreat I.O6 THE COMMONWEAL February I6, t927 was conducted in part by a Protestant Episcopal cler- gyman who is not an Anglo-Catholic...

...4o4 THE COMMONWEAL February 16, I927 and, previous to his purchase of the Enclosure from he built his home he erected also a chapel and it was Ninian Beall, his estates fringed St...

...I shall not multiply instances, nor go further with anything like a list of the apparent opinions of the other religionists...

...George was the pioneer of the Virginia Three Samuels presided over the home of Richard Btents, and his two grandsons, Robert and William, Marsham, long known as the Queen mansion, and married the sisters of Archbishop Carroll...

...Unlike the other religionist, the Anglo-Catholic does not respect the Reformation as his source...

...This clergyman contended quite seriously and at some length that, because God is omnipresent, He can-not, presumably, be "present" in a particular place and under a particular set of conditions, even though He has definitely promised (in Holy Scripturel) to be so present...

...It is not hedged about by almost innumerable prejudices and inhibitions derived from any sense of something blessedly final and satisfactory in that strange jumble of futilities called "the Reformation settlement"--as though a living religion could be fettered by any human "settlementl" Luther and Calvin are not its heroes...

...It is mentioned, e.g., by Justin Martyr, A. D. 142, in that connection, i. e., as the third of the eight component elements of the liturgy of the Holy Eucharist...

...Its founder was a man who came of the first section and his purchase in a newer and more retired generation of the pilgrims from the Ark and the Dove part of the province, where so many Catholic families and in the blood of his descendants is that of the origi- had acquired land, was to found a new home...

...TWO RELIGIONS" OF ANGLICANISM By HENRY S. WHITEHEAD HE importance of the Protestant Episcopal ceived considerable religious-press comment recently.T Church, independent of its numerical status in the But Bishop Randolph made no new discovery...

...merely at- tempting to define his position...

...Richard Marsham's pious will was filed in Marl- If some other colonial shrine can show greater con- borough on May 7, I713, and his eldest grandson, tinuity as a private chapel and parish church than this Samuel Queen, is devised the mansion and 240 acres venerated spot in Langdon, it may claim the title of of the tract, the Enclosure...

...Mary's County and there he died in 171 I. Woodstock...

...It lacks the historic background of strictly "Catholic" origin...

...as an his- torical personage during His earthly sojourn...

...American (and Canadian) Anglicans are handicapped in this advance by the predominant sectarianism of "American Christianity," which derives from other proximate sources than Anglicanism itself...

...On his positive side, the other religionist does make certain claims, even though his views are vague...

...There are, probably, 5o,ooo,ooo Anglicans in are, certainly, three...

...It is an emasculated Angli- peculiar relation to the Reformation movement gives it canism, consisting largely of a set of assorted side-a logical position as the ideal basis for ecclesiastical issues...

...He calls it a "rite," which is only a quarter-truth, and it is his custom to defer it in the case of his children until these have arrived at middle adolescence, so precluding more than the bare possibility of Confirmation making anything but a formal impression on their self-conscious minds...

...Whole sections of Anglicanism are now definitely Catholic, notably in the urban centres of the mother-archdiocese of Canterbury, and in, e.g., the archdiocese of the British West Indies...

...at the right hand of God in heaven...

...No sectarian can reasonably regard a group of Anglo-Catholics as a body similar to his own save for "an incomparable liturgy," which it seems afraid to use l The one powerful weapon still in the hands of the other religion is inertia--resistance to change...

...Father Knox can be Church is an integral portion of the great Anglican clever at the expense of the Anglicanism which gave communion, one of the three historic branches of the him his reputation as enfant terrible...

...In order to get its candidates confirmed and to settle the matter at issue, the parish called as its rector the Right Reverend Horatio Southgate, D.D., retired Bishop of Constantinople...

...There are innumerable finger-posts along that plain road...

...An average case is that of an other religionist clergy- man who wrote to one of the Episcopal Church week- lies during the month of October, 1926, to "protest" against the Catholic doctrine, widely extant in Anglo- Catholicism, of the Real Presence in the Holy Euchar- ist...

...Imagine a practising surgeon ignorant, not only of current progress in his science and art, but who actually was unaware of the anatomy with its terminology, which he was "using" in his daily opera- tions I That is how the state of mind of the other reli- gionists, when they express themselves, looks to the Anglo-Catholic...

...According to Father Ronald Knox, there arepoint...

...His attitude to Holy Orders is indicated by his intense dislike of the term "priest...

...fact has been a commonplace for a long time, at least This importance is vulgarly ascribed to a "rich" and among a considerable body of the clergy...

...about it by the late Bishop Randolph, which has re-Adherents of the other religion must, therefore, February I6, I927 THE COMMONWEAL 405 either borrow Anglo-Catholic ideas or else muddle through with a Holy Matrimony which ~s not, neces-sarily, sacramental, and without any specific provision for dealing with committed sin other than the vague, general idea that sin will be (or may be) "forgiven...

...salvation" mentioned in the "Church Catechism, "that This apparent anomaly was the subject of an utterance is to say, Baptism, and the Supper of the Lord...

...Scores of similar cases might be cited...

...The other religion virtually ignores, for example, five of the historic Catholic sacraments, contenting unity...

...Today an ordination in the Protestant Episcopal Church which had not been preceded by a retreat would be exceptional...

...Theology is to religion somewhat like anatomy to surgery...

...The ernor Leonard Calvert's daughter, Anne, the widow first Queen came from Surrey in I685 and acquired a of Henry Brent, son of Captain George Brent of manor in St...

...no less than seven religions in Anglicanlsml That, of That importance rests upon solider foundations...

...Anglo-Catholicism touches life in all its aspects...

...A recent article, The Epis- remarkable that the comment upon Bishop Randolph's copalians, by an ex-Protestant Episcopal clergyman, utterance should have limited itself to the American which appeared in the American Mercury, stressed this portion of the Anglican communion--and to two religions...

...Old-fashioned evangelicalism is rapidly disappear- ing...

...During his episcopate he refused to visit the Anglo-Catholic Church of the Advent...

...This primitive practice is, of course, scriptural, legitimate, not contrary to the rub- rical directions of the Book of Common Prayer, and historically an integral portion of the basic structure of the Holy Eucharist...

...It seems to be a spent force among people who think, and no one has ever accused Anglicans of being uneducated...

...The weekly Eucharist has attained almost to universality in the Protestant Episcopal Church, irr~pective of the local parish's Anglo-Catholic or other religionist policy...

...Of these the chief is the fact that the Protestant Episcopal course, is only a tour de force...

...but indications are that they will hoe it--through to the end...

...He nal lord proprietors, the Catholic Barons of Balti-was near Marlborough and not far from the Carroll more...

...It originated in very modern times--down in South America--among the Jesuits I The Right Reverend Manton Eastburn, D.D., was Bishop of Massachusetts for the thirty years from x842 until I872...

...Knox's seven schools of thought are only subdivisions of the two religions --and only one of them all is Anglo-Catholic...

...There were the last, dying in I773, left the manor house and several children by this union of Richard Marsham chapel to his son, Richard, who was to continue the and Anne Calvert Brent, but only the descendants of traditions so nobly and to make the famous will of Katherine, who married Samuel Queen, concern this April 25, I793, under which the Church now study...

...It is no wonder that "Episcopalian- ism" puzzles Protestants...

...The Anglican communion has living in it side by side itself with the "two generally necessary to at least two separate and more or less distinct religions...

...It does not, apparently, include the practice of learning what is in the Bible, for the other religionist "objects" strenuously to teachings and practices which are very plainly set forth in Holy Scripture, e.g., Holy Unction for the Sick...

...Naturally, after the tri...

...It is characteristic of the other religion that its mem- bers speak proudly of "our incomparable liturgy," and then proceed to ignore that liturgy, or to have it cele- brated very obscurely, reserving the satisfactions of their corporate sense of liturgical pomp for the Cran- merian Mattins which are ornamented with assorted tag-ends of "ritualism," like the collection-parade up the "centre-aisle...

...holds title...

...The laity is naturally the more reluctant to face the issue of inevitable change which the Oxford movement inaugurated less than a century ago in a decadent Anglicanism, and which has caused that extraordinary growth within the communion which has taken the form and the name of AngloCatholic...

...But the modernist is dangerously close to "not believing in" the verities of the Faith...

...That other religion would ecclesiastical body--e.g., in English literature, etc...

...The evangelical may not "believe in" incense and such matters...

...The theology of historic Christendom, i. e., Catholic theology, as distinct from that which is essen- tially "Roman," distinguishes clearly between a whole set of "modes" of Christ's presence, e.g., in the human heart...

...This is almost insuper- ably difficult, because his position is so indefinite that it breaks apart in one's hands when critically, or even sympathetically, examined...

...That is why it can be said with some approximation to truthfulness that Anglicans "have a Catholic clergy and a Protestant laity...

...It is, emphatically, enthusiastically, not the religion of the merely respectable...

...tag-ends which are merely offenses to the soul of the Anglican liturgiologist...

...It was Francis Bacon who placed change in the forms of religion first among those policies which a monarch, seeking peace, must avoid l AngloCatholics have a long, hard row to hoe yet...

...More striking, though less important, of course, is the general acceptance by the other religion of the three hours' devotion for Good Friday...

...It is, too, the "sample" church--the typical while the rest use another...

...Slowly but surely the teachings and practices of Catholicity are being absorbed by the other religion in Anglicanism...

...The other religionist does not necessarily regard Confirmation as a sacrament...

...Anglo-Catholicism is the dominant religion in An- glicanism, and increasingly so, although the Protestant Episcopal Church lags behind the Church of England in this respect...

...Prom-inent among these is an alleged great respect for the Holy Scriptures...

...He is even perceiving in "Roman" developments a legitimate growth and the working of the logic of his- tory and even that guidance of the Holy Spirit of God "into all truth" which Christ Himself promised...

...The evangelical has at least retained his belief in these, even though his fervor has evaporated...

...It is, of course, Catholics---all kinds--who are most familiar with the text of Holy Scripture, from reading and constant devotional and meditative use...

...part of the capital city, Cerne Abbey Manor...

...original Church founded by Christ, as distinct from any The traditional schools of thought in Anglicanism sect...

...Mary's City, the this property which the second Samuel Queen men-old capital of Catholic Maryland...

...the Use of Incense, etc...

...Today there is almost no church building within the whole scope of Anglicanism which does not have at least a cross on the altar...

...Anglo-Catholicism derives its power from the two facts that it is, definitely and intentionally, within the main stream of the Christian tradition...

...The modernist, seeking to conform his religion to the shifting fashions of "modern thought," is always feverishly hustling to catch up with modern thought...

...This practice of retreats is, if anything is, distinctively a "Catholic" practice...

...Mary's City, Marsham had departed from this covered...

...any change...

...Of this, which the most essentially "Roman" theology does not, certainly, deny, that quite typical clergyman of the other religion was, apparently, quite ignorant...

...It is only "fashionable" membership...

...He listens once a week, when present at morning prayer (which Cran- mer composed, and which is his chief service) to a for- mal statement that God "hath given power and com-mandment to His ministers to declare and pronounce to His people, being penitent, the absolution and re-mission of their sins...

...Its be hard to define precisely...

...It means importance out of all proportion to its local position in that some Anglicans are practising the Catholic religion America...

...It is, of course, largely negative, colored by what the other religionist does not believe in...

...in the elements consecrated in the Holy Eucharist, etc...

...It is purely "modern Ro- man," and worthy the general use it enjoys in the Protestant Episcopal Church...

...This is one of the most curious of his beliefs, for it seems always to include the convic- tion that Catholics (all kinds, his fellow-Anglicans in- eluded, of course) neglect or ignore the Bible...

...Yet, less than fifty years ago, members of a graduating class at the General Theological Seminary were severely disci-plined for holding a retreat previous to their ordina- tion...