Week by Week

...a facsimile of the charter of 1614, granted by the statesgeneral of the Dutch Republic and bestowing a limited monopoly of trade in "Nieu Nederlandt" for three years...

...The position assumed by Senator Reed, attacking the settlement, was, in fact, remote from finance...

...A facsimile of the purchase-contract of Manhattan from the Indians—the original of which has been lost—is present, flanked by three proofs...

...The dilemma has been stated very clearly by Signor Nitti in his clever, though violent, arraignment of the Treaty of Versailles, "Europe without Peace...

...By setting himself square against the current of advancing ugliness, he only succeeded in registering its force...

...It happens, by the way, to be a representative and instructive small boy...

...The traditionalism of the professional soldier and the openness to new lessons of the "amateur" make an interesting contrast...

...To lie where he fell, under the bosom of the soil he has helped to liberate, while the plow runs or children play above his head, is probably the way the soldier would choose if it were his habit to make testamentary dispositions in the matter—which it is not...

...All who are interested in the development of American culture will follow with sympathetic keenness a work which, under the patronage of Albertus Magnus, may lead to a vast, courageous effort toward breaking down the insulation which has so steadily prevented Catholic thought from entering as largely as is desirable into the counsels of the nation...

...Then what was meant for a symbol of commemoration becomes an evidence of forgetfulness, none the more pleasant to contemplate because oblivion is one of the benign processes that helps this war-torn old planet to carry on...

...Tacna-Arica is a case in point...

...WEEK BY WEEK ratification of the Italian debt settlement by the Senate opens the way for further definite negotiations, especially with France...

...whereof being samples of summer grain...

...it is 11,000 morgens in extent...

...A plebiscite is out of the question, and indeed experience since the war seems to prove the abiding ineffectiveness of this variety of "self-determination...

...and the effort to dispose of this small territory, sandwiched between Chili and Peru, through diplomatic negotiation in which the United States figures as arbiter, is a step toward political finality...

...But his Kansas City effusion proves that the small boy is ultimate and unchangeable in him...

...But the appalling decrease—three times as great as that announced for 1924—is not to be accounted for by special circumstances...

...J NE point, very skilfully made by Dr...

...It is, therefore, pleasant and profitable to note the following from the letter of P. Schagen to the states-general: "They have bought the Island of Manhates from the wild men for the value of sixty guilders...

...and the original charter of 1621, to the Dutch West India Company...

...The real significance of Tacna-Arica lies in the fact that it may become a test-case for many similar territorial problems...

...Our own treatment of Colombia, with reference to Panama, would have been impossible on a continent more robustly organized...

...Had it not been for the large excess of births over deaths, the total would have been much greater...

...other suggestion made by Secretary Kellogg seems of particular interest...

...As Dr...

...Financial prosperity has been in abeyance...

...The migration from the western and north-western country, for instance, is simply the result of despair on the part of farmers...

...GENERAL PERSHING'S remarks upon the reduplication of American war memorials in France, and his implied rebuke to a certain super-nationalism and bad taste that they seem to him to register, is what might have been looked for from a leader who has always, and under the most trying circumstances, given proof of sane and balanced judgment...

...Ryan sorrowfully admits, we are very far today from such a Utopian vision, but it would be interesting to see what would happen if, after the fine feathers have been plucked from the business of war, the golden eggs should follow them into the discard...

...the second is normally the victim of its too widely elaborated system...

...It was hard to believe that Mr...

...I forget?' Such speech was to remember yet...

...So it is instructive to compare the very different technical conclusions reached by men who have had exactly the same opportunities to form them...

...It seems to us that the accord with Count Volpi was unquestionably desirable and advantageous...

...His was not the temper that makes a successful champion...

...Of late years his voice, from long crying in the wilderness, had grown shrill, and there was a gnarled crook in the finger which he was forever shaking in the face of dullness and charlatanry...

...But few will doubt the value of blending the advantages of a small college with those of a large university...

...He argued very simply that we were making a cadeau to that worst of conceivable monsters, Signor Mussolini...

...The year marked a decrease in the farm population of 479,000...

...It is as much out of style as the musket from which it takes its name...

...He was the true Casca of our modern American world—"What a rude fellow is this Casca grown...

...This respect for high academic standards is to a large extent represented by the charming site occupied by the college...

...Its effect on industry is a permeative one...

...The abiding truth that man does not live by bread alone holds good for people in overalls as well as for those in dinner jackets...

...Allen...

...1 HE "next war" may be, as everyone fervently hopes, a matter of purely academic interest...

...Many of us had expected that the corrosive energy advertised by the better of his successful novels would really lead to something like a made-up mind...

...It is a truly festive and commemorative display, combining manuscripts and early $ Dutch records, contemporary maps and views, books and pamphlets, to make concrete the story of New York from 1524 to 1674...

...It must always be remembered that the southern republics have not yet fully outgrown the colonial stage...

...They sowed all their grain the middle of May, and harvested the middle of August...

...In fact, the President of Bolivia, in a letter addressed to the United States government, indicates that overtures toward such a sale have already been made privately by both Chile and Peru...

...I, the great Sinclair Lewis, author of books which have put all the goofs in their proper places, can go up on a mountain and give a word of advice to the stars I It is, you see, the obverse of the Mathers or the Edwardses wrestling with the mysteries of eternity...

...Prohibition, canned foods, billboards, the reputation of Bernard Shaw, American art-critics—there was no knowing just at what point the irritation of Joseph Pennell, skilfully challenged, might not break forth into arabesques of abuse...

...The very fact that this school is to be under the immediate supervision of Dr...

...One of the aspects that stands out most clearly is that, from henceforth, it will be quite impossible to limit the working of any such scheme to a certain number of industries...

...COMMENTING on the calamitous situation in Mexico, the Mexican bishops have issued a noble and generous pastoral letter...

...We may love neither, but we cannot argue that one is democratic and amorous of the plain people...

...SINCLAIR LEWIS, taken like a small boy edition of Bob Ingersoll, is more than relatively a disappointment...

...It is all very well to hold forth the old charms of independence and fresh air...

...He does not attempt to conceal his contempt for what he terms the "obsolete and impossible tactics" still being taught in defiance of what he considers the war's lessons for infantry...

...There is something strangely alien to true 706 THE COMMONWEAL May 5, 1926 soldierly tradition in all the mortuary fuss and bustle that ensued over the disposal of the nation's dead in France...

...It was no dull eye that detected in the former mansion of Louis Stoddard a worthy cradle for a brave and worthy educational adventure...

...During recent years Dr...

...The abiding difference between them is one which seems to have escaped Senator Reed completely...

...For this reason, before the loss of religious unity in Mexico was consummated, the clergy and Catholic people in Mexico were laboring in conformity with their rights when they strove by every possible peaceful means to the end that this unity might be preserved intact...

...Whether or not we could also shake hands with Russia is another question, which obviously has no relation to whether or not we should wring the Italian neck...

...Government, as Lenin and Mussolini see it, is precisely the same thing—strong, autocratic government placed in the hands of a few who seek to enforce a definite program...

...Nearly a million more people migrated to cities and villages than went to settle upon farms...

...We must believe that were there to enter the heart of Mr...

...1 HE advocates of industrial conscription in war time have been having hard sledding during the Senate debates on the Capper-Johnson bill, and the economic spectre has been raised against its proposals with great effect...

...Boundaries and rights of all sorts remain dependent upon treaties, the interpretation and effectiveness of which is in umbrage...

...This is the true religious liberty recognized and practised in the United States of the north—liberty with which the Church is content wherever religious unity does not exist in fact...

...Italy is a nation, interested in its own welfare through the development of its tradition, and at least relatively aware that commerce reposes on credit...

...Lewis a momentary, flitting philosophical understanding that God is the Divine Lover, the awefulness of his ghastly renouncement would drive him, crushed and repentant, into the solitude of silence...

...Teaching it should be made a court-martial offense...

...Men tire of carrying the machine gun, Captain Thomason tells us—it slows up the advance...

...Strangely—or perhaps not strangely —it is the professional soldier who is staunchly conservative and persuaded that nothing has changed very radically...

...Modern war is waged with the entire resources of a nation...

...Perhaps it is, with relation to them, a reductio ad absurdum...

...Speaking of the general desire, even of groups who are far from pacifist, to find some means of taking private profit out of war, Dr...

...Remembrance is a shy quarry, not to be wooed by memorials whose significance a short generation outlasts...

...Russia is an "international," devoted to the domestic and foreign exploitation of an idea...

...Among the important books on display are the original volume of Wassenaer's accounts of the first settlements, and a first edition of May 5, 1926 THE COMMONWEAL 705 The New World, written by Joannes de Laet in his capacity as a member of the "inner" executive body, and published in 1625...

...And, as we have observed on several previous occasions, it would afford a dependable agency for the work of international influence...

...Moore has been doing conspicuously essential work—combining the modern science of psychology with the abiding helpfulness of pastoral care...

...It is noticeable that the returned fighting man seldom has a good word to say for it...

...Could the Tacna-Arica district be made an independent state or a protectorate...

...Our nation, observing the steady industrialization of its citizenry since 1922, must rouse itself to deal with the situation effectively and immediately...

...Two uwar books" which are reviewed elsewhere in this issue of The Commonweal, bring out this divergence rather strikingly...

...A RECENT issue of The Placidian, the journal of the Washington Benedictine Foundation, contains the interesting announcement that "a highly specialized school for children of arrested mental development will be opened under the auspices of the Benedictines...

...It is a nation side by side with which we can live normally...

...With the first we might possibly have to wage war, but it would not be civil war...

...He hated too many things, and hated them too separately and zestfully...

...Of especial interest are a full-sized reproduction of the first map of the world, drawn by Girolamo de Verrazzano in 1512...

...1 HE statistics furnished by the United States Department of Agriculture for the year 1925 are stark and unadorned testimonials to a national calamity about which much has been written theoretically...

...With all the will in the world to render Germany ineffective for any sort of armed aggression over an indefinite period, the various disarmament commissions found themselves faced with the alternative of leaving things very much as they had been, or destroying the industrial life of an entire nation...

...Round about 1426, one can very well imagine an advocate of the "status quo" in belligerency writing something like this: "Powder gets damp and men get tired of carrying arquebuses...

...The tendency of enthusiasm to erect memorials is no more marked than the tendency of posterity to neglect them...

...A protectorate, on the other hand, would mean either annoying control by the United Sfeates or necessarily timid supervision by one of the larger South-American republics...

...Perhaps it has always been so more or less...

...And it is "the rifle and bayonet that win battles...

...Our own national government has followed this Dutch precedent on numerous occasions, the most notable of which are the purchase of Louisiana and the acquisition of Alaska...

...All together they establish a point of great value in the proper interpretation of early American history—the point that the Dutch settlers in Manhattan were probably the first Europeans to take possession of American soil for permanent occupation, not by mere settlement or conquest by force of arms, but through the normal medium of commercial bargaining...

...The real way out, apparently, is a sale of the territory to Bolivia which would thus acquire what it now needs so badly— a harbor...

...Well, independence is ©ut of the question so far as a small, sparsely populated area is concerned, which as a buffer-state, would become an eternal battleground...

...This he strove with manly democratic rhetoric to prevent, urging the case for Russia meanwhile...

...Our idea of a real, worth-while, unow-it-can-be told" book, would be a frank history of the confidential relations between the VickersMaxims, Creuzot-Schneiders, Krupps and Ansaldos, and the cabinets of the countries in which they amassed their swollen profits during the ten years preceding the explosion...

...It is typical of the Benedictine spirit that it should have taken the lead among Catholics in promoting endeavor so profound and thorough in character as psychiatric reclamation...

...MULTIPLYING attempts to solve the problems of higher education vary in both interest and importance...

...Lewis had no other intellectual resource than environment...

...But in nations where this religious unity does not exist, as in Mexico under the present circumstances, it is the sacred duty of the civil authority sincerely and fully to recognize religious liberty...

...All the same, there is something that compels admiration in his resolute concern with a generation that was not going his way, and from which it would have been so easy and pleasant for the successful artist to stand aloof in a little Thebaide of creative beauty all his own...

...ALLEN'S conclusions are directly contrary...

...Its faculty, consisting for the most part of priests and sisters of the Order of Saint Dominic, is dedicated especially to giving instruction in Thomistic philosophy...

...In fact, we believe the first expression of it in practice is the new Albertus Magnus College, of New Haven, Connecticut, which is intimately affiliated with Yale University...

...A:N interesting reflection upon men and their ways is suggested by one document resurrected for the tercentenary...

...With machine gunners and his marvelous artillery, 'Fritz' held the world back for months and died game, magazine stories written from rearward dug-outs and Paris to the contrary notwithstanding...

...but that does not prevent it itself from being absurd...

...To some extent the Florida boom has been responsible for the depletion of rural districts in the south-eastern states, and similar movements elsewhere have undoubtedly had their effect...

...If only as the first whose draughtsmanship revealed to Americans the beauty of their soaring cities, Pennell's reputation seems secure in the country which he berated most and liked best...

...These, quaint and redolent of ancient customs, include an account of a hearing before Governor Lovelace and his council, on April 9, 1670...

...and the frigid unsatisfactoriness of social conditions has stripped life of the pleasures which even the shaggiest industrial communities seem to offer...

...Hervey Allen, is the record of his experiences, during the hardest month of fighting, by a young national guardsman of the "Keystone" or Pennsylvania division...

...He has absorbed them one after another, with all the serious fidelity of a shark chasing a community of many-colored minnows...

...On the other hand, rifle and bayonet will go as far and as fast as the soldier's legs and zest for fighting will carry him...

...The underlying grotesquerie of this argument seems to have escaped general notice...

...The college course has this for its nucleus, relying then upon instructors and professors in Yale University to supply teaching of the secular arts and sciences...

...If isolated, the first almost necessarily tends to become relatively destitute and provincial...

...ALTHOUGH the diplomatic negotiations for the settlement of the Tacna-Arica dispute are progressing only very slowly, they foreshadow a new era in LatinAmerican international relations...

...So that, as it may impose no religion, neither may it proscribe any religion nor prohibit the legitimate exercise of any such religion...

...Nevertheless, books are already being written on the subject, and records of the last one seldom fail to add some prophecy of what may be expected if all the safeguards against another explosion break down...

...1 HE death of Joseph Pennell removes a very vivid and sincere figure from a world where color and sincerity are none too general...

...So the fine old artist, who never drew a careless line, or spoke a politic word, gradually acquired the reputation of a common scold and what he had to say, though always worth listening to and pondering, the mere status of "good copy...

...The other, Toward the Flame, by Mr...

...One can imagine H. G. Wells, writing us a very suggestive monograph on all the implications it opens up...

...One of them, Captain Thomason's Fix Bayonets!, is the work of a professional soldier...

...The college has exceptional endowments of personnel and scene...

...Ryan contended that, for the ends of justice to be met, the process should begin long before the declaration of war puts the power of conscription into the hands of the national executive...

...John A. Ryan in the course of his statement of arguments against the bill, merits more attention than it has received or is likely to receive from a press that, at its best, is not in business for idealistic purposes...

...Since war profits begin long in advance of war, builders of cruisers and military planes, manufacturers of munitions and contractors for army and navy supplies, now, in time of peace, should justly be required to render this service without profit...

...The puritannical idea of God as a Being continuously challenging, denying—the Being summoned up in a kind of retroactively barbaric mood at revival camp-fires— suggests (the simplicity of the logic is characteristic) a counter challenge...

...Perhaps an arbitral board of neutrals might have settled the problem more speedily, but it seems difficult to suppose that any other solutions could have been offered than those suggested by Secretary Kellogg...

...Thomas Verner Moore is sufficient indication of its plans and augury for its success...

...Obviously, an international American league would aid in settling these peaceably and effectively...

...Noticeably, of course, he graduated toward enlightenment through contacts—Washington Square following Gopher Prairie, with the very newest emancipations close on its heels...

...Even now, eight years after the Armistice, the American chief remarks that "many of those now erected give the impression that the people who put them up have forgotten their existence...

...It is the bow and pike that win battles...

...Few other journals combine so well genuine literary form and spiritual content...

...JVlR...

...What it is likely to be in eighty or even eighteen years may be imagined...

...There is no monument so tall that the waters of Lethe will not rise above its head in time...

...Of especial significance is the passage defining the changed relations between Church and state in Mexico: uWhen a nation enjoys the immense advantage of being Catholic in its totality, the state, or rather the government, is under the obligation to admit and defend in practice the rights and priv704 THE COMMONWEAL May 5, 1926 ileges derived from the doctrine heretofore explained...

...And we might add that The Placidian, for its part, is a satisfactory expression of this same "blessed" spirit in journalism...

...Oh, the precious time wasted in our elaborate, useless, murderous 'science' called 'musketry!' " exclaims Mr...

...Hitherto this idea of amalgamation, particularly with secular universities, has been new to Catholic collegiate education...

...This was seen very clearly during the Allied occupation of the Ruhr, when the proposal to dismantle German factories concerned in the business of war preparation met the acid test of practicality...

...RESIDENTS of and visitors to New York should confer a favor upon themselves by seeing the exposition which the New York Public Library has prepared in honor of the tercentenary of the arrival of Peter Minuit, who subsequently purchased Manhattan Island from the Indians...

...For the rest: "Did'st ever say: 'Lo...

...But if we suppose that the nations of both countries were erganized into a society analogous to the League of Nations, the idea of a protectorate might become a very practical one...

...No man in touch with currency problems would argue for an adjustment which ignored utterly the history of money and credit since the war...