Correspondence
CORRESPONDENCE Knee-jerk Iconoclasm Although I defer to few in my admiration for the rambunctious insights and savory prose of Tom Bethell, his dismissal of Margaret Mead (Capitol Ideas, April...
...Ernest van den Haag New York, New York Mr...
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...Arkes replies: I am reluctant to take up more space in these columns than I have already, but frankly I am puzzled by Mr...
...van den Haag himself has recognized all of this—i.e., he has recognized at different times that the provisions of the Constitution must often be understood in the light of the true ends or character of the Constitution, which depend in turn on the principles of constitutionalism...
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...In other parts of our Constitution it becomes evident that the literal provisions in the document make no sense unless they are informed by an understanding of the principles of constitutionalism that exist anterior to the Constitution, and which the Constitution is trying to express...
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...Why did the framers, who believed in natural rights, frame positive constitutional law, if natural rights can replace it...
...It would take a leap of logic, then, to suggest that the very presence of a constitution indicates that moral understanding (or a sense of natural rights) has been displaced by positive fiat as the source of all law...
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...van den Haag's last paragraph is one of his own authorship: viz., that since "natural rights," in the hands of Ronald Dworkin, can be used to "justify anything one wishes," natural rights must be arbitrary and meaningless...
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...The self-evident truths mentioned in the Declaration of Independence are no more a matter of "belief" than the existence of Ernest van den Haag...
...These kinds of features are useful, but there is no principle which establishes that either one of them is strictly necessary to a regime of law...
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...Arkes, who shares these beliefs (in some form), thinks that they argue against Mr...
...CORRESPONDENCE Knee-jerk Iconoclasm Although I defer to few in my admiration for the rambunctious insights and savory prose of Tom Bethell, his dismissal of Margaret Mead (Capitol Ideas, April 1978), who remains one of the great figures of this century's thought, is an act of knee-jerk iconoclasm...
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...Berger's view that the Constitution must be interpreted as allowing the judiciary to grant only those rights and duties specified in it, however much other rights or duties appear morally (or naturally) justified...
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...van den Haag's puzzlement...
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...van den Haag makes a gratuitous gesture when he persists in representing my own views in the language of "belief" (continued on page 43) The American Spectator June/ July 1978 41 CORRESPONDENCE (continued from page 41) and "feeling"—a language that he knows is foreign to the argument I made...
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...In this regard, she has shown more guts than most of the normally-dominant males in the conservative movement who can boldly stand up to General Torrijos but who collapse into incoherent mumbles when faced by a feminist...
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...Positive constitutional law alone would be decisive in conflicts and litigations...
...Like Bethell, Mead is never afraid to express her opinions and if a number of them are off the mark, they nonetheless retain a freshness and idiosyncrasy, a refusal to be abashed by new fashions of thought, and a matter-of-fact conservatism about family roles that are rare in an aging pundit, beloved of the media...
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...The most we can say is that we are obliged to establish provisions of this kind, and the ones I have mentioned are not inconsistent with the principles that underlie a constitutional order...
...If so, of what use is the Constitution...
...Arkes believes that we (including the judiciary) are bound by the Constitution and cannot replace, extend, or supersede it via natural rights when these are not granted by it, then it does not matter whether one believes that there are such self-evident natural rights and that they justify what the Constitution tells us to do...
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...George Gilder Tyringham, Massachusetts Taking Rights Seriously In his reply to Raoul Berger (April 1978) Hadley Arkes proves at some length: (1) that the framers of the Constitution were inspired by natural-law ideas commonly held at the time...
...Arkes really believe that natural (moral, human) rights legally can supersede or extend those articulated by the Constitution, or that natural rights can legally give powers, or grant rights, not articulated in the Constitution...
...In the Bakke case Dworkin's natural-rights interpretation leads him to the opposite conclusion from that reached by Mr...
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...That is rather like saying that since George McGovern used the claims of "moral" argument in a zany way, "moral" propositions must have no meaning—and no binding force in our law...
...Conservative leaders, in general, still accept and propagate the myth that earning differences between men and women are caused by "discrimination" rather than by hormones and by the family roles that are indispensable to civilized society...
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Vol. 11 • June 1978 • No. 8