Defending America, by Robert Conquest, et al.
Rosen, Stephen
BOOKS IN REVIEW - "Defending America, by Robert Conquest, et al." Defending America: Towards a New Role in the Post-Detente World / Basic Books / $13.95 John Wheeler-Bennett tells a story about two workers in Weimar Germany....
...Second, we can reasonably understand the Soviet push for better economic relations with the West as an attempt to get the capital and laborsaving technology which would permit the Soviet Union to strengthen its economy while continuing to give military spending first priority...
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...For all this it would be incorrect to assume that the dominant impression that will be left with the readers of this book will be one of a machine gun uncovered...
...It is likely, therefore, that this book will earn only curt dismissals as "one more tirade on the Red menace...
...Wohlstetter could have mentioned the grosser fact that the United States stopped building ICBM silos in 1967 and missile-launching submarines shortly thereafter...
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...Robert Conquest, the greatest Western scholar of the Stalin era, makes what is probably the most unsettling revelation of all when he writes that, officially, that memory does not exist in the Soviet Union: [Njo account, true or false, is now available about the Stalin terror, which was the vastest and most determining event to have molded the country in modern times...
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...During the same period, the United States radically decreased the total megatonnage of the nuclear weapons we could deliver to the Soviet Union...
...The Presidium placed immediate military strength ahead of maintaining the old rates of economic growth...
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...This has achieved nothing, and was the result of mindless reactions to increases in the weaponry of the opposing side...
...The United States could stop this race if it would by restraining or halting the acquisition and improvement of our weapons...
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...Even worse, it has usually been the United States that has initiated these competitions, forcing the Soviet Union to build in order to catch up...
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...This is not to say that we did not take steps and build weapons that threatened the Soviet Union: Only something resembling complete disarmament could have avoided doing that...
...Defending America is a very emphatic book...
...Before Jimmy Carter advanced his proposals for deep cuts in the offensive forces of both sides in Moscow this year, the perennial cry of the left, and of Paul Warnke, was that the 1972 SALT agreement was worse than no agreement at all, that it did not reduce force levels but did increase the pressures for qualitative improvements...
...Leonard Schapiro notes in his essay that the plans for economic decentralization that had started so boldly in 1965 were soon withdrawn, and were formally killed in 1971 at the Twenty-fourth Party Congress...
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...Several essays in this book address this question indirectly...
...It is a collection of essays about Soviet foreign, military, and domestic policies which, when put together, are intended to leave in the reader's mind the image of a Soviet machine gun pointed in the general direction of the West...
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...In 1952 the United States spent, in constant 1976 dollars, $32.6 billion on strategic offensive weapons...
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...All this gives some substance to Herman Kahn's jibe that what was wrong with the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency was that it was called the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency: The people who worked there looked at the name and thought that their job was to disarm the United States...
...First, the decision to spend one-eighth of the GNP on guns was a conscious sacrifice...
...For example, a favorite argument of the advocates of a less suspicious stance towards the Soviet Union is that both sides have engaged in an unnecessary competition in nuclear armaments...
...This is, in brief, the "Apes on a Treadmill" thesis advanced by Paul Warnke, who is now the Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and the chief negotiator at SALT...
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...In retrospect, the Soviet danger of which he warned appears to have existed in the public mind only as one in a succession of fashionable terrors that tingled peoples' spines...
...Gregory Gross-man's article, "The Economics of Detente," demonstrates with official Soviet figures that the Soviet Union is, at bottom, a poor country, short of labor andcapital...
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...This was perfectly legal, but it hardly indicates that the Soviet Union was seeking only parity, since it had achieved numerical superiority in ICBMs and submarine-launched ballistic missiles in 1972...
...Albert Wohlstetter's essay in this book nicely demolishes the Warnke thesis...
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...What can we infer from this...
...A different argument presented by advocates of kindlier relations with the Soviet Union suggests that the Soviet actions that we find so obnoxious are the result of demands made by the Soviet military, which lobbies for its pet projects the same way the Pentagon does...
...The relentless and apodictic air of most of the essays will not help matters much...
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...Enclosed is my check for $10.00 X71 (please print) Name Address City State Zip Date of change BOOK REVIEW (continued from page 45) archipelago of camps have simply disappeared from the public prints...
...Soviet Union, reassured of our good intentions, could then halt its own weapons programs, and the senseless race 'would come to an end...
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Vol. 11 • November 1977 • No. 1
